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Vol. 7. Issue 3.
Pages 265-282 (May - June 2001)
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Vol. 7. Issue 3.
Pages 265-282 (May - June 2001)
ARTIGO ORIGINAL/ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Open Access
Cancro Avançado do Pulmão doença previsível?
Advanced Lung Cancer a Predictable Disease?
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V. Espanhol*, F. Sansonetty**, I. Amendoeira*, A. Marques*
* H. S. João
** IPATIMUP
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RESUMO

O carcinoma do pulmão continua a ser a maior causa de mortalidade por cancro em grande parte dos países. O hábito de fumar, a incapacidade do rastreio em reduzir a taxa de mortalidade, o diagnóstico tardio e a inexistência de tratamento eficaz para as situações avançadas, são as razões mais relevantes para esta situação.

O objectivo foi determinar o contributo, da ploidia do ADN e da percentagem de células em fase de síntese do ciclo celular(fase S), associadas a características clínicas bem conhecidas, na avaliação prognóstica dos doentes com carcinoma avançado do pulmão e identificar entre os parâmetros estudados alguns que pudessem servir de marcadores do comportamento da doença.

Estudaram-se prospectivamente 93 doentes com carcinoma do pulmão diagnosticados e tratados no Serviço de Pneumologia do H.S. João.

Os doentes eram predominantemente do sexo masculino,70 (75%) e 23 (25%) do sexo feminino com 64 anos de idade mediana. O estado geral da maioria dos doentes era bom, só 12 doentes estavam gravemente limitados. Setenta e quatro doentes (80%) apresentavam doença avançada, sendo em 57 (61,3%) metastática. Dezanove casos (20%) eram carcinomas de células pequenas,41 eram adenocarcinomas e 25 eram carcinomas epidermóides.

A análise da sobrevida permitiu identificar como principais factores: o estado geral (Zubrod), o estádio da doença, as contagens, leucocitária e linfocitária, a fosfatase alcalina, a ploidia do ADN e a% de células em fase S. Assinale-se, que a presença de aneuploidia e% de células em fase S15%, se associaram a bom prognóstico, ao contrário do referido na maioria dos estudos publicados.

Na análise do comportamento da doença identificaram-se três parâmetros: o estado geral, a% de células em fase S e o valor das proteínas séricas totais. Utilizando estes parâmetros foi possível prever a evolução tumoral na grande maioria dos doentes.

Concluímos referindo o importante contributo adicional, dos dois parâmetros tumorais de índole biológica estudados quando associados aos de natureza clínica, tanto na avaliação do prognóstico como na determinação do comportamento da doença.

REV PORT PNEUMOL 2001; VII (3):

Palavras-chave:
Carcinoma do pulmão
citometria de fluxo
factores de prognóstico
marcadores do comportamento da doença
SUMMARY

Lung Cancer continues to be a major cause of death from cancer in most countries mainly due to continued smoking, late diagnosis and the lack of an effective treatment.

The objective was to evaluate the prognostic significance of clinical evaluation in association with two biological markers: DNA ploidy and S phase fraction determined by flow cytometry.

We studied 93 patients with cancer of the lung diagnosed and treated at the São João Hospital Department of Pneumology. They were predominantly male 70 (75%) and mean age was 64 years the majority with good performance status; only 12 patients were severely disabled. Seventy-four patients (80%) presented with advanced disease, and this was metastatic on diagnosis in 57 (61.3%). Nineteen cases (20%) were small cell cancers; 41 were adenocarcinomas and 25 were scamous cell carcinomas. Forty seven (50,5%) were aneuploid and 22 had “high” S phase fraction.

The survival analysis enabled us to identify the following as the principle independent prognostic factors: PS, stage of the disease, leukocyte and lymphocyte counts, alkaline phosphatase, DNA ploidy and the S phase fraction. We noted that the presence of aneuploidy and a S phase fraction15%, was associated with a good prognosis.

The principle indicators of the disease progression were: PS, S phase fraction and the value of total serum proteins.

We conclude by referring the importance of using clinical evaluation and biological markers in association, on prognostic evaluation and as indicators of the progression of the disease.

REV PORT PNEUMOL 2001; VII (3):

Key-words:
lung cancer
flow cytometry
prognostic factors
disease progression indicators
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