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Vol. 3. Issue 2.
Pages 143-153 (March - April 1997)
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Vol. 3. Issue 2.
Pages 143-153 (March - April 1997)
PRÉMIO THOMÉ VILLAR/BOEHRINGER INGELHEIM, 1995
Open Access
Fisiopatologia da Dispneia em doentes cardíacos com Congestão Pulmonar*
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Miguel Mota Carmo(1), Cristina Bárbara(2), Teresa Ferreira(3), Nuno Lousada(4), Jaime Branco(5), Martins Correia(6), A. Bensabat Rendas(7)
(1) Professor Awuhar de Fisiopatologia da Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas de Lisboa (FCML)
(2) Assistente Convidada de Pneumologia da FCML.
(3) Consultora de Cardiologia do Hospital de Pulido Valente (HPV).
(4) Assistente Hospitalar de Cardiologia do HPV.
(5) Consultor de Reumatologia do Hospital Egas Moniz.
(6) Director do Serviço de Cardiologia do HPV.
(7) Director do Departamento de Fisiopatologia da FCML.
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SUMÁRIO

O objectivo deste estudo foi avaliar a importância da comparticipação das alterações do controlo da ventilaçõe da força dos músculos respiratórios na génese da dispneia em doentes cardíacos com estase pulmonar. Para isso comparámos 48 doentes (GI), com uma idade média de 61 anos e uma pressão capilar pulmonar (PCP) de 19,9mmHg, com um grupo de 35 controlos (GII), com uma idade média de 62 anos. Foram efectuadas as seguintes avaliações: volumes e capacidades pulmonares pelo método de diluição do hétio e por pneumotacografia, pressão de oclusão e resposta ventilatória em hipercánia, bem como a quantificação simultânea da dispneia utilizando uma escala visual analógica. Foram também medidas as pressões máximas dos músculos respiratórios, ao nível da boca, em repouso. Os doentes cardíacos foram submetidos a cateterismo cardíaco direito com determinação do débito cardíaco por termodilui determinação. Nestes doentes encontrou-se um aumento da pressão de oclusão basal em comparação com o grupo controlo (P0,1 GI-1,7 cmH20 / GII -1,35 cmH20; p<0,001), provavelmente devido ao padrão espirométrico restritivo que apresentavam. Não se detectaram alterações na variação da P0,1 durante a prova de hiperclápnia pelo que admitimos que o controlo central da ventilação se encontrava integro. Durante esta prova e para um mesmo aumento da ventilação, os doentes cardiacos apresentaram um maior grau de dispneia. A redução das pressões máximas respiratórias, bem como o aumento da “drive” respiratória em repouso, poderão estar implicadas na génese da dispneia oeste grupo de doentes.

Palavras-chave:
dispneia
congestão pulmonar
insuficiência ventricular esquerda
ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether pulmonary congestion (PC) in cardiac patients may induce changes in the control of breathing or in the respiratory muscles strength, that could be implicated in the genesis of dyspnea in this group of patients. We have compared 48 patients (GI), with a mean age of 61 years and a mean pulmonary capillary (wedge) pressure of 19.9mmHg, with a group of 35 controls (GII) with a mean age of 62 years. We have performed the following measurements: pulmonary volumes and capacities using the helium dilution method, airway flows by pneumotachography. We also determined the occlusion pressure and the ventilatory response to C02, with simultaneous quantification of dyspnea using a visual analogue scale. Measurements of maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressures were also performed. PC patients underwent right heart catheterization and assessment of cardiac output by thermodilution technic. Cardiac patients had an increase in the central output to breathing (P0.1 GI-1.7 cmH20/GII - l.35 cmH20; < 0.001), probably due to the respiratory restrictive pattern. Because we found no changes in the P0.1, during C02 stimulation, we admit that the central command is not altered. During the C02 stimulation, and for a similar increase in ventilation, the cardiac patients showed a higher degree of dyspnea. The reduction of maximal respiratory pressures and the increased basal respiratory drive can be important factors in the generation of dyspnea presented by these patients.

Keywords:
Key- words
dyspnea
pulmonary congestion
left ventricular failure
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Trabalbo vencedor ex-aqueo do Prémio Thomé Villar/Boehringer Ingelheim, 1995

Copyright © 1997. Sociedade Portuguesa de Pneumologia/SPP
Pulmonology
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