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Vol. 3. Issue 1.
Pages 5-37 (January - February 1997)
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Vol. 3. Issue 1.
Pages 5-37 (January - February 1997)
PRÉMIOTHOMÉ VILLAR/BOEHRINGER INGELHEIM, 1995
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Obstrução brônquica máxima induzida em crianças asmáticas+
Maximal Bronchial Obstructioin Asthmatic Children
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T. Gamboa*, N. Neuparth*, J.E. Rosado Pinto**, A. Bensabat Rendas*
* Departamemo de Fisiopatologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas de Lisboa
** Departmento de Imuno-Alergologia, Hospital de Dona Estefania
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RESUMO

Neste trabalho, efectuaramse testes de provocação brônquica máxima com metacolioa em 17 crianças asmáticas, com dois dos métodos de administração de aerossóis mais frequentemente usados, dosimétrico e de volume corrente, com os objectivos de: 1) avaliar a reprodutibilidade dos indicadores de susceptibilidade brônquica aumentada: PD20/PC20 FEV1 declive da curva de dose-resposta (CDR) e grau de redução máxima do FEV1 (MFEV1) ou plateau; 2) verificar se a fórmula de cálculo do declive e a utilização de diferente número de ponto e traduzem por valores semelhantes, para o que e compararam, na mesma CDR, os declives calculados por regressão linear: entre si, em diferentes fases da curva de dose-resposta e tam bern como calculados pela formula simplificada de O'CONNOR; 3) determinar se o valor do declive de uma prova de obstrução máxima pode er extrapolado a partir dos testes de provocação recomendados para a clínica (que terminam imediatamente após o limiar de 20% de redução do FEV1 ter sido atingido); e 4) comparar OS declives e os valores do grau de obstrução máxima induzidos pelo método do dosímetro com os obtidos pelo método do volume Corrente. Para esse efeito, administraram-se doses/concentrações crescentes de cloridrato de metacolina até se atingir um plateau (variação entre dois pontos consccutivos ≤ 5%); ou uma redução ≥ 50% do valor medido após inalação do solvente. A SaO2 foi medida em condições basais e 90 segundos após a inalação do solvente e de cada dose de metacolina, através de um oxímetro de pulso.

Não se observaram difercnças significativas entre os indicadore de susceptibilidade brônquica em dois testes realizados com 5 a 10 dias de intervalo, tanto para o método do dosímetro (n=6) como para o método do volume corrente (n=S), quer os PD20 FEV1, quer os PC20 FEV1, encontravam-se dentro dos limites de reprodutibilidade recomendado e não e observaram diferenças significativas entre os declives, qualquer que fosse o método de cálculo ou a fase da curva analisada. Por outro lado, encontraramse diferenças significativas entre o declives calculados por regressão linear nas diferentes fase da CDR. O mesmo se verificou em relaçãao aos valores deste parâmetro determinados por fórmulas diferentes. Não se observaram diferenças entre os declives das CDR obtidas, no mesmo indivíduo, pelo método do dosímetro e pelo método do volume corrente. As variações da SaO2 durante as provas não excederam -7% do valor basal, sugerindo não terem existido repercussões significativas sobre a trocas gasosas, mesmo com reduções do FEV1 >50%.

Em conclusão: o PD20 FEV1 /PC 20 FEV1 e os declives da CDR foram reprodutíveis, com os do is métodos; as relações entre o estímulo administrado e a resposta das vias aéreas variaram significativamente ao longo das provas; o grau de obstrução induzido em provas de obstrução brônquica máxima não pode ser extrapolado a partir dos declives catculados em CDR parciais tal como são recomendados para a clínica; finalmente, o declive e o grau de obstrução máxima foram semelhantes em testes realizados com diferentes sistemas de geração e inalação de aerossóis.

Palavras-chave:
asma
curvas dose-resposta
curvas de obstrução máxima
hipersensibilidade brônquica
hiperreactividade brônquica
testes de provocação brônquíca
ABSTRACT

In this work,17 asthmatic children were submitted to maximal bronchial challenge tests with methacholine by two of the more frequently used methods - the dosimeter (D) and the tidal breathing (TB), in order to determine: 1) the reproducibility of the indices of hyperresponsiveness that can be obtained from the dose-response curves (DRCs): PD20 / PC20 FEV1, slopes and degree of maximal bronchial obstruction (MFEV1) or the plateau; 2) if the methods of calculation of the slopes - least-squares (LSS) and the formula of O'CONNOR (DRR) gave similar results; in the case of the LSS, the slopes calculated with different number of points were also compared; 3) if the slope of maximal DRC (MDRS) could be extrapolated from the early part of the DRC and 4) if the shapes of the DRCs obtained by the two methods of inhalation were comparable. All children per formed at least one maximal bronchial challenge test with methacholine by D or TB; to analyze the reproducibility and to compare the of DRC from D and TB methods, a sub-group of patients repeated one of the tests 5 to 10 days later. Doubling doses/concentrations of methacholine were inhaled until a plateau response (FEV 1 variation ≤5% between two consecutive points) or MFEV 1 (FEV 1 reduction SaO2 from post saline) were reached. The SaO2 was measured by a pulse oximeter immediately before the test and 90 seconds after saline and each dose/concentration of methacholine.

There were no significant differences in the indexes of hyperresponsivess measured with 5 to 10 days of interval both with the D (n=6) and with the TB (n=5): the PD 20 FEV1/ PC 20 FEV 1 were within the recommended limits of reproducibility and there were no significant differences between the slopes obtained with the two methods. The LSS calculated on different stages of the same DRC (with different number of points) were significantly different between each other and also from DRR. There weren't significant differences between the slopes of the DRCs obtained by D and TB. The SaO2 didn' t change more than - 7% from baseline, suggesting no significant changes in gas exchange, despite reductions of FEV1 higher than 50%.

In conclusion: both PD20 FEV 1 / PC 20 FEV 1 and the DRC slopes were reproducible; the relationship between the stimulus and the airway response was significantly changed during the challenge; the degree of airway obstruction induced by high doses of methacholine can not be extrapolated from a standard bronchial challenge test; the slopes and MFEV 1 induced by D and TD were similar.

Key-words:
asthma
bronchial provocation tests
dose-response curves
bronchial hypersensitivity
bronchial hyperreactivity
bronchial hyperresponsiveness
maximal dose-response curves
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Trabalho vencedor ex-aqueo o Prémio Thomé Villar/Boehringer Ingelheim, 1995

Copyright © 1997. Sociedade Portuguesa de Pneumologia/SPP
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