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Vol. 10. Issue 2.
Pages 135-144 (March - April 2004)
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Vol. 10. Issue 2.
Pages 135-144 (March - April 2004)
ARTIGO DE REVISÃO/REVISION ARTICLE
Open Access
Tuberculose. Perspectivas futuras*
Tuberculosis. Future perspectives
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4208
M.ª João Marques Gomes**
** Professora Associada Convidada da Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Universidade Nova de Lisboa. Directora do Departamento de Pneumologia do Hospital de Pulido Valente, SA.
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RESUMO

A tuberculose continua a grassar por todo o mundo e a sua incidência global tem aumentado 0,4% por ano. Existem em todo o mundo 2 biliões de infectados, 8,4 milhões de casos novos/ano e 16 milhões de doentes. São várias as causas apontadas para esta situação: a associação entre o VIH e a tuberculose, o aumento das multirresistências, a falência dos sistemas de saúde, as alterações políticas e económicas, a maior mobilidade das populações, as guerras, a pobreza e a exclusão social.

Procuram-se novos métodos de diagnóstico mais rápidos, mais específicos e mais sensíveis. Muitos recorrem a técnicas de biologia molecular, técnicas com radioisótopos e técnicas baseadas em alterações da cor e da fluorescência de corantes.

Pesquisam-se novos fármacos, novas formas de administração destes e de aumentar a adesão ao tratamento. Necessitam-se novos fármacos mais potentes, que permitam reduzir e simplificar o tratamento, mais eficazes sobre as formas resistentes e as latentes, com diferentes mecanismos de acção, biodisponibilidade favorável, farmacocinética favorável e poucos efeitos secundários.

Têm sido estudadas novas vacinas, nomeadamente: “Adjuvanted Subunits Vaccines”, Vacinas DNA, vectores não micobacterianos, como a Salmonella que estão a ser testadas, e vacinas vivas atenuadas.

Termina-se tecendo algumas considerações gerais sobre a necessidade de conjugar esforços, para que no futuro as perspectivas sejam bem melhores do que as actuais.

REV PORT PNEUMOL 2004; X (2): 135-144

Palavras-chave:
Tuberculose
epidemiologia
novos métodos de diagnóstico
novos tratamentos
novas vacinas
ABSTRACT

Tuberculosis remains a major health problem around the world and its incidence is growing 0.4% each year. There are 2 billions of infected, 8.4 millions new cases every year and 16 million patients. The association of VIH and tuberculosis, the increasing number of multidrug resistance, failure of health systems, greater mobility of people, poverty, wars and social exclusion, are the major causes of the epidemiological situation.

Faster, more specific and sensible diagnostic methods are being investigated. Some of them use molecular biology techniques, some uses radioisotopes and some others are based on colour and fluorescence modifications of dyes.

New drugs, new routes of administration and ways for increasing compliance are under investigation. More potent drugs, with greater biodisponibility and adequate pharmacokinetics for shorter treatments for multidrug and latent forms of bacilli are needed.

New vaccines are under investigations, namely Adjuvant Subunits Vaccines, DNA Vaccines DNA, no micobacterianos vectors, and attenuated living vaccines are being tested.

Finally some considerations are made concerning the need of global committement to win the fight against tuberculosis in the near future.

REV PORT PNEUMOL 2004; X (2): 135-144

Key-words:
Tuberculosis
epidemiology
new diagnostic methods
new treatments
new vaccines
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Conferência proferida no XIX Congresso de Pneumologia, Funchal, 2003.

Copyright © 2004. Sociedade Portuguesa de Pneumologia/SPP
Pulmonology
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