Journal Information
Vol. 17. Issue 6.
Pages 244-252 (November - December 2011)
Share
Share
Download PDF
More article options
Vol. 17. Issue 6.
Pages 244-252 (November - December 2011)
Original article
Full text access
Weaning by gradual pressure support (PS) reduction without an initial spontaneous breathing trial (SBT) versus PS-supported SBT: A pilot study
Desmame por redução gradual da pressão de suporte (PS) sem uma prova de respiração espontânea (SBT) inicial versus PS apoiada pela SBT: um estudo piloto
Visits
586
K. Gnanapandithana, R. Agarwalb,
Corresponding author
riteshpgi@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, A.N. Aggarwalb, D. Guptab
a Dept of Internal Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
b Dept of Pulmonary Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
This item has received
Article information
Abstract

Background and aim: Studies on weaning strategies have yielded conflicting results regarding the superiority of different methods. The aim of this RCT was to compare the efficacy of gradual pressure support (PS) reduction without an initial spontaneous breathing trial (SBT) with PS-supported SBT.

Methods

Patients mechanically ventilated for >24h were randomized to weaning by gradual reduction of PS without an initial SBT versus once daily SBT (PS 7cm H2O). The primary outcomes were the rates of successful weaning trial and time to successful extubation. The secondary outcomes were the ICU and hospital length of stay, hospital mortality and the occurrence of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP).

Results

Of the 120 patients (61 males, median age 35 years), 58 were assigned to PS and 62 to the SBT group. The median (IQR) duration of ventilation prior to weaning was 80.2 (50.5---175.6) h. The baseline characteristics were similar in the two groups except the PaO2/FiO2 ratio, which was significantly higher in SBT group. The rates of successful weaning trial (89.7% versus 69.4%) were significantly higher in the PS group. The median duration of weaning (66h versus 81.5h, P = 0.05) and the median duration of ICU stay (8 days versus 9.4 days, P = 0.027) were lower in the PS group. There was no difference in hospital stay, mortality rates or occur-rence of VAP in the two arms. On multivariate analysis, the duration of ventilation prior to weaning, baseline SOFA score and the weaning method were predictors of successful extubation.

Conclusions

Gradual reduction of PS without an initial SBT was found to be associated with better outcomes compared to once daily PS-supported SBT.

Keywords:
Mechanical ventilation
Weaning
Extubation
Respiratory failure
ICU
ARDS
Resumo

Antecedentes e objetivo: Os estudos sobre estratégias de desmame tiveram resultados contro-versos em relação à superioridade de métodos diferentes. O objetivo deste RCT foi comparar a eficácia da redução gradual da pressão de suporte (PS) sem uma prova de respiração espontânea (SBT) inicial com a PS apoiada pela SBT. Métodos: Os pacientes ventilados mecanicamente por >24 horas foram aleatorizados para des-mame por redução gradual da PS sem uma SBT inicial versus a SBT uma vez por dia (PS-7cm H2O). Os principais resultados foram as taxas de sucesso do teste de desmame e o tempo até a extubação bem sucedida. Os resultados secundários foram o tempo em que estiveram na UCI e no hospital, mortalidade hospitalar e ocorrência de pneumonia associada ao ventilador (VAP). Resultados: Dos 120 pacientes (61 homens, média de idade de 35 anos), 58 foram atribuídos ao grupo de PS e 62 ao grupo de SBT. A duração média (IQR) da ventilação antes do desmame foi de 80,2 (50,5---175,6) horas. Os parâmetros basais foram semelhantes nos dois grupos, exceto a taxa PaO2/FiO2, que foi significativamente superior no grupo de SBT. As taxas de testes de desmame bem-sucedido (89,7% versus 69,4%) foram significativamente superiores no grupo de PS. A duração média de desmame (66 versus 81,5 horas, p = 0.05) e a duração média de tempo na UCI (8 versus 9,4 dias, p = 0,027) foi inferior no grupo PS. Não se registaram diferenças no tempo em que estiveram no hospital, taxas de mortalidade ou ocorrência de VAP nos dois grupos. Numa análise multivariada, a duração de ventilação antes do desmame, o índice SOFA basal e o método de desmame foram preditores de uma extubação bem sucedida. Conclusões: Descobriu-se que a redução gradual da PS sem uma SBT inicial estava associada com melhores resultados comparados com PS apoiada pela SBT uma vez por dia.

Palavras chave:
Ventilação mecânica
Desmame
Extubação
Falha respiratória
UCI
ARDS
Full text is only aviable in PDF
References
[1]
A. Khan, K. Gnanapandithan, R. Agarwal.
Weaning from mechan-ical ventilation.
Textbook of pulmonary and critical care medicine., 1st ed, pp. 1974-1982
[2]
J.M. Boles, J. Bion, A. Connors, M. Herridge, B. Marsh, C. Melot, et al.
Weaning from mechanical ventilation.
Eur Respir J., 29 (2007), pp. 1033-1056
[3]
A. Esteban, I. Alia, J. Ibanez, S. Benito, M.J. Tobin.
Modes of mechanical ventilation and weaning. A national survey of Span-ish hospitals.
The Spanish Lung Failure Collaborative Group. Chest., 106 (1994), pp. 1188-1193
[4]
E.W. Ely, A.M. Baker, D.P. Dunagan, H.L. Burke, A.C. Smith, P.T. Kelly, et al.
Effect on the duration of mechanical ventilation of iden-tifying patients capable of breathing spontaneously.
N Engl J Med., 335 (1996), pp. 1864-1869
[5]
M.H. Kollef, S.D. Shapiro, P. Silver, R.E. St John, D. Prentice, S. Sauer, et al.
A randomized, controlled trial of protocol-directed ver-sus physician-directed weaning from mechanical ventilation.
Crit Care Med., 25 (1997), pp. 567-574
[6]
S.K. Epstein, R.L. Ciubotaru, J.B. Wong.
Effect of failed extu-bation on the outcome of mechanical ventilation.
Chest., 112 (1997), pp. 186-192
[7]
L. Brochard, A. Rauss, S. Benito, G. Conti, J. Mancebo, N. Rekik, et al.
Comparison of three methods of gradual withdrawal from ventilatory support during weaning from mechanical ventila-tion.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med., 150 (1994), pp. 896-903
[8]
A. Esteban, F. Frutos, M.J. Tobin, I. Alia, J.F. Solsona, I. Valverdu, et al.
A comparison of four methods of weaning patients from mechanical ventilation.
Spanish Lung Failure Collabora-tive Group. N Engl J Med., 332 (1995), pp. 345-350
[9]
A. Esteban, I. Alia, F. Gordo, R. Fernandez, J.F. Solsona, I. Vallverdu, et al.
Extubation outcome after spontaneous breathing tri-als with T-tube or pressure support ventilation The Spanish Lung Failure Collaborative Group.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med., 156 (1997), pp. 459-465
[10]
I. Vallverdu, N. Calaf, M. Subirana, A. Net, S. Benito, J. Mancebo.
Clinical characteristics, respiratory functional parameters, and outcome of a two-hour T-piece trial in patients weaning from mechanical ventilation.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med., 158 (1998), pp. 1855-1862
[11]
A. Esteban, I. Alia, M.J. Tobin, A. Gil, F. Gordo, I. Vallverdu, et al.
Effect of spontaneous breathing trial duration on outcome of attempts to discontinue mechanical ventilation.
Spanish Lung Failure Collaborative Group. Am J Respir Crit Care Med., 159 (1999), pp. 512-518
[12]
A.N. Aggarwal, R. Agarwal, D. Gupta, S.K. Jindal.
Nonpulmonary organ dysfunction and its impact on outcome in patients with acute respiratory failure.
Chest., 132 (2007), pp. 829-835
[13]
Vincent JL, De Mendonca A, Cantraine F, Moreno R, Takala J, Suter PM, et al. Use of the SOFA score to assess the incidence of organ dysfunction/failure in intensive care units: results of a multicenter, prospective study. Working group on “sepsis-related problems” of the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine. Crit Care Med. 1998;26: 1793-800.
[14]
R. Agarwal, A.N. Aggarwal, D. Gupta, D. Behera, S.K. Jindal.
Etiology and outcomes of pulmonary and extrapulmonary acute lung injury/ARDS in a respiratory ICU in North India.
Chest., 130 (2006), pp. 724-729
[15]
Y.H. Chan.
Biostatistics 202: logistic regression analysis.
Singa-pore Med J., 45 (2004), pp. 149-153
[16]
L. Brochard, F. Rua, H. Lorino, F. Lemaire, A. Harf.
Inspira-tory pressure support compensates for the additional work of breathing caused by the endotracheal tube.
Anesthesiology., 75 (1991), pp. 739-745
[17]
A. Torres, J.M. Gatell, E. Aznar, M. el-Ebiary, J. Puig de la Bellacasa, J. Gonzalez, et al.
Re-intubation increases the risk of noso-comial pneumonia in patients needing mechanical ventilation.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med., 152 (1995), pp. 137-141
[18]
N.R. MacIntyre.
Respiratory function during pressure support ventilation.
Chest., 89 (1986), pp. 677-683
[19]
L. Brochard, F. Pluskwa, F. Lemaire.
Improved efficacy of spon-taneous breathing with inspiratory pressure support.
Am Rev Respir Dis., 136 (1987), pp. 411-415
[20]
L. Brochard, A. Harf, H. Lorino, F. Lemaire.
Inspiratory pressure support prevents diaphragmatic fatigue during weaning from mechanical ventilation.
Am Rev Respir Dis., 139 (1989), pp. 513-521
Pulmonology
Article options
Tools

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?