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Vol. 16. Issue 3.
Pages 419-430 (May - June 2010)
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Vol. 16. Issue 3.
Pages 419-430 (May - June 2010)
Artigo Original/Original Article
Open Access
Factores de risco de displasia broncopulmonar em cinco unidades portuguesas de cuidados intensivos neonatais
Risk factors for bronchopulmonary dysplasia in five Portuguese neonatal intensive care units
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Hercília Guimarães1,
Corresponding author
herciliaguimaraes@gmail.com

Hospital de S. João (Director: Professora Doutora Hercília Guimarães), Porto.
, Gustavo Rocha1, Gabriela Vasconcellos1, Elisa Proença2, Maria Luísa Carreira3, Maria do Rosário Sossai4, Benvinda Morais4, Isabel Martins5, Teresa Rodrigues5, Milton Severo5
1 Maternidade Júlio Dinis (Director: Dr. José Pombeiro), Porto
2 Hospital de Santo António (Director Drª. Paula Cristina Fernandes), Porto
3 Hospital Fernando Fonseca (Director Drª Rosalina Barrosos), Lisboa
4 Hospital Pedro Hispano (Drª Agostinha Souto), Porto
5 Serviço de Epidemiologia (Director Professor Henrique de Barros), Faculty of Medicine of Porto University, Portugal
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Hercília Guimarães, Gustavo Rocha, Gabriela Vasconcellos, Elisa Proença, Maria Luísa Carreira, Maria do Rosário Sossai, Benvinda Morais, Isabel Martins, Teresa Rodrigues, Milton Severo
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Resumo

A displasia broncopulmonar (DBP) é multifactorial. Prematuridade, doença da membrana hialina, oxigénio, ventilação mecânica, inflamação e canal arterial são alguns dos factores na sua patogénese

Objectivo: Avaliar a prevalência da DBP e seus factores de risco em cinco unidades portuguesas, para implementar boas práticas no tratamento deste doentes.

Material e métodos: 256 recém-nascidos (RN) com idade gestacional (IG) <30 semanas e/ou peso <1250g internados em cinco unidades portuguesas, entre 2004 e 2006, foram estudados. Foi recolhida a informação clínica dos processos. A DBP foi definida como a necessidade de oxigénio às 36 semanas de idade pós-conceptional.

Resultados: A prevalência da DBP foi de 12,9%. O seu risco diminuiu de 46% por semana de IG e de 39% por 100g de peso. O risco de DBP foi maior entre os RN com baixo peso (OR adj = 0,73, 95% CI=0,57-0,95), doença da membrane hialina grave (OR adj = 9,85, 95% CI=1,05-92,35), com sépsis (OR adj = 6,22, 95% CI=1,68-23,02), com maior duração de ventilação (42 vs 3 dias, respectivamente nos RN com e sem DBP, p<0,001) e maior duração de FiO2>;0,30 (85 vs 5 dias, respectivamente nos doentes com e sem DBP, p<0,001).

Comentários: Os factores de risco de DBP mais relevantes foram o baixo peso, a doença da membrana hialina grave, a duração da ventilação mecânica e da oxigenoterapia e a sépsis. A implementação das boas práticas para reduzir a lesão pulmonar nos RN deve ser dirigida para melhorar as práticas que reduzem estes factores de risco.

Rev Port Pneumol 2010; XVI (3): 419-430

Palavras-chave:
Displasia broncopulmonar
recém-nas-cidos pré-termo
unidades de cuidados intensivos neonatais
doença da membrana hialina
ventilação mecânica
oxigenoterapia
factores de risco
boas práticas
Abstract

The pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is clearly multifactorial. Specific pathogenic risk factors are prematurity, respiratory distress, oxygen supplementation, mechanical ventilation (MV), inflammation, patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), etc.

Aim: To evaluate BPD prevalence and to identify risk factors for BPD in five Portuguese Neonatal Intensive Care Units in order to develop better practices the management of these newborns.

Material and methods: 256 very low birth weight infants with gestational age (GA) <30 weeks and/or birthweight (BW) <1250g admitted in five Portuguese NICUs, between 2004 and 2006 were studied. A protocol was filled in based on clinical information registered in the hospital charts. BPD was defined as oxygen dependency at 36 weeks of postconceptional age.

Results: BPD prevalence was 12.9% (33/256). BPD risk decreased 46% per GA week and of 39% per 100g BW. BPD risk was significantly higher among newborns with low BW (adj OR= 0.73, 95% CI=0.57-0.95), severe hyaline membrane disease (adj OR= 9.85, 95% CI=1.05-92.35), and those with sepsis (adj OR=6.22, 95% CI=1.68-23.02), those with longer duration on ventilatory support (42 vs 3 days, respectively in BPD and no BPD patients, p<0.001) and longer duration of FiO2>;0.30 (85 vs 5 days, respectively in BPD and no BPD patients, p<0.001).

Comments: The most relevant risk factors were low birth weight, severe hyaline membrane disease, duration of respiratory support and oxygen therapy, and nosocomial sepsis. The implementation of potentially better practices to reduce lung injury in neonates must be addressed to improve practices to decrease these risk factors.

Rev Port Pneumol 2010; XVI (3): 419-430

Key-words:
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia
preterm infants
neonatal intensive care
prematurity
hyaline membrane disease
mechanical ventilation
oxygen therapy
risk factors
better practices
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