Journal Information
Vol. 17. Issue 2.
Pages 59-65 (March - April 2011)
Vol. 17. Issue 2.
Pages 59-65 (March - April 2011)
Artigo original
Open Access
Tradução do Questionário de Berlim para língua Portuguesa e sua aplicação na identificação da SAOS numa consulta de patologia respiratória do sono
Translation of Berlin Questionnaire to Portuguese language and its application in OSA identification in a sleep disordered breathing clinic
Visits
26931
A.P. Vaza,
Corresponding author
vaz.anapaula@gmail.com

Autor para correspondência.
, M. Drummondb, P. Caetano Motaa, M. Severoc, J. Almeidaa, J. Carlos Winckb
a Serviço de Pneumologia, H.S. João, Porto, Portugal
b Serviço de Pneumologia, H.S. João, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
c Departamento de Higiene e Epidemiologia da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
This item has received

Under a Creative Commons license
Article information
Resumo
Introdução

O Questionário de Berlim (QB), originalmente desenvolvido em língua inglesa como um instrumento de rastreio da síndrome de apneia obstrutiva do sono (SAOS) em cuidados de saúde primários, tem sido aplicado no âmbito dos cuidados secundários, com resultados variáveis.

Objectivos

Obtenção da versão em língua Portuguesa do QB e avaliação da sua utilidade numa consulta de Patologia Respiratória do Sono.

Material e métodos

O QB foi traduzido utilizando a metodologia back translation e aplicado, previamente ao estudo cardiorespiratório do sono, a 95 indivíduos consecutivos referenciados à consulta de patologia respiratória do sono por suspeita de SAOS. A avaliação do risco para a SAOS baseou-se nas respostas a 10 itens, organizados em 3 categorias: roncopatia e apneias presenciadas (categoria 1), sonolência diurna (categoria 2), hipertensão arterial (HTA)/obesidade (categoria 3).

Resultados

Na amostra estudada, 67,4% era do sexo masculino, com uma média de idades de 51±13 anos. As categorias 1, 2 e 3 foram positivas em 91,6, 24,2 e 66,3%, respectivamente. O QB identificou 68,4% dos doentes como apresentando alto risco para a SAOS e os restantes, 31,6%, baixo risco. A sensibilidade e a especificidade do QB, considerando um índice de apneia/hipopneia (IAH)>5, foi de 72,1 e 50,0% respectivamente, de 82,6 e 44,8% para um IAH>15 e de 88,4 e 39,1% para um IAH>30. Estar incluído no grupo de alto risco para a SAOS não influenciou significativamente a probabilidade de ter doença (likelihood ratio (LR) positivo entre 1,44–1,49). Apenas os itens referentes à intensidade sonora da roncopatia, apneias presenciadas e HTA/obesidade, apresentaram uma associação positiva estatisticamente significativa com o IAH, com o modelo constituído pela associação destes itens a apresentar uma maior capacidade de discriminação, especialmente para um IAH>5 (sensibilidade 65,2%, especificidade 80,0%, LR Positivo 3.26).

Conclusão

O QB não é um instrumento apropriado de rastreio da SAOS numa consulta de patologia respiratória do sono, embora a intensidade da roncopatia, as apneias presenciadas e a HTA/obesidade tenham demonstrado ser elementos do questionário com expressão significativa nesta população.

Palavras-chave:
Questionário de Berlim
Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono
Rastreio
Diagnóstico
Abstract
Background

Berlin Questionnaire (BQ), an English language screening tool for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in primary care, has been applied in tertiary settings, with variable results.

Aims

Development of BQ Portuguese version and evaluation of its utility in a sleep disordered breathing clinic (SDBC).

Material and methods

BQ was translated using back translation methodology and prospectively applied, previously to cardiorespiratory sleep study, to 95 consecutive subjects, referred to a SDBC, with OSA suspicion. OSA risk assessment was based on responses in 10 items, organized in 3 categories: snoring and witnessed apneas (category 1), daytime sleepiness (category 2), high blood pressure (HBP)/obesity (category 3).

Results

In the studied sample, 67.4% were males, with a mean age of 51±13 years. Categories 1, 2 and 3 were positive in 91.6, 24.2 and 66.3%, respectively. BQ identified 68.4% of the patients as being in the high risk group for OSA and the remaining 31.6% in the low risk. BQ sensitivity and specificity were 72.1 and 50%, respectively, for an apnea-hipopnea index (AHI)>5, 82.6 and 44.8% for AHI>15, 88.4 and 39.1% for AHI>30. Being in the high risk group for OSA did not influence significantly the probability of having the disease (positive likelihood ratio [LR] between 1.44–1.49). Only the items related to snoring loudness, witnessed apneas and HBP/obesity presented a statistically positive association with AHI, with the model constituted by their association presenting a greater discrimination capability, especially for an AHI > 5 (sensitivity 65.2%, specificity 80%, positive LR 3.26).

Conclusions

The BQ is not an appropriate screening tool for OSA in a SDBC, although snoring loudness, witnessed apneas, HBP/obesity have demonstrated being significant questionnaire elements in this population.

Keywords:
Berlin Questionnaire
Obstructive sleep apnea
Screening
Diagnosis
Full text is only aviable in PDF
Referências
[1.]
T. Young, M. Palta, J. Dempsey, J. Skatrud, S. Weber, S. Badr.
The occurrence of sleep-disordered breathing among middle-aged adults.
N Engl J Med, 328 (1993), pp. 1230-1235
[2.]
American Academy of Sleep Medicine Task Force.
Sleep- related breathing disorders in adults: recommendations for syndrome definition and measurement techniques in clinical research. The report of an American Academy of Sleep Medicine Task force.
Sleep, 22 (1999), pp. 667-689
[3.]
P.E. Peppard, T. Young, M. Palta, J. Skatrud.
Prospective study of the association between sleep-disordered breathing and hypertension.
N Engl J Med, 342 (2000), pp. 1378-1384
[4.]
Y. Peker, H. Kraiczi, J. Hedner, S. Loth, A. Johansson, M. Bende.
An independent association between obstructive sleep apnea and coronary artery disease.
Eur Respir J, 14 (1999), pp. 179-184
[5.]
M. Arzt, T. Young, L. Finn, J.B. Skatrud, T.D. Bradley.
Association of sleep disordered breathing and the occurrence of stroke.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 172 (2005), pp. 1447-1451
[6.]
A.S. Gami, D.E. Howard, E.J. Olson, V.K. Somers.
Day-night pattern of sudden death in o obstructive sleep apnea.
N Engl J Med, 352 (2005), pp. 1206-1214
[7.]
R.R. Kaw, J.J. Golish, S.S. Ghamande, R.R. Burgess, N.N. Foldvary, E.E. Walker.
Incremental risk of obstructive sleep apnea on cardiac surgical outcomes.
J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino), 47 (2006), pp. 683-689
[8.]
R.M. Gupta, J. Parvizi, A.D. Hanssen, P.C. Gay.
Postoperative complications in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome undergoing hip or knee replacement: A case-control study.
Mayo Clin Proc, 76 (2001), pp. 897-905
[9.]
D.I. Loube, P.C. Gay, K.P. Strochl, A.L. Pack, D.P. White, N.A. Collop.
Indications for positive airway pressure treatment of adult obstructive sleep apnea patients: a consensus statement.
Chest, 115 (1999), pp. 863-866
[10.]
F. Lopez-Jimenez, F.H.S. Kuniyoshi, A. Gami, V.K. Somers.
Obstructive Sleep Apnea.
Chest, 113 (2008), pp. 793-804
[11.]
S.M. Harding.
Prediction formulae for sleep-disordered breathing.
Curr Opin Pulm Med, 7 (2001), pp. 381-385
[12.]
S.K. Ramachandran, L.A. Josephs.
A meta-analysis of clinical screening tests for obstructive sleep apnea.
Anesthesiology, 110 (2009), pp. 928-939
[13.]
W.W. Flemons, N.J. Douglas, S.T. Kuna, D.O. Rodenstein, J. Wheatley.
Access to diagnosis and treatment of patients with suspected sleep apnea.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 169 (2004), pp. 668-672
[14.]
N.C. Netzer, R.A. Stoohs, C.M. Netzer, K. Clark, K.P. Strohl.
Using the Berlin Questionnaire to identify patients at risk for the sleep apnea syndrome.
Ann Intern Med, 131 (1999), pp. 485-491
[15.]
A.S. Gami, G. Pressman, S.M. Caples, et al.
Association of atrial fibrillation and obstructive sleep apnea.
Circulation, 110 (2004), pp. 364-367
[16.]
M. Gus, S.C. Gonçalves, D. Martinez, E.O. De Abreu Silva, L.B. Moreira, S.C. Fuchs, et al.
Risk for obstructive sleep apnea by Berlin Questionnaire, but not daytime sleepiness, is associated with resistant hypertension: a case-control study.
Am J Hypertens, 21 (2008), pp. 832-835
[17.]
F. Chung, B. Yegneswaran, P. Liao, et al.
Validation of the Berlin questionnaire and American Society of Anesthesiologists checklist as screening tools for obstructive sleep apnea in surgical patients.
Anesthesiology, 108 (2008), pp. 822-830
[18.]
G. Weinreich, K. Plein, T. Teschler, J. Resler.
Is the Berlin questionnaire an appropriate diagnostic tool for sleep medicine in pneumological rehabilitation.
Pneumologie, 60 (2006), pp. 737-742
[19.]
N. Ahmadi, S.A. Chung, A. Gibbs, C.M. Shapiro.
The Berlin questionnaire for sleep apnea in a sleep clinic population: Relationship to polysomnographic measurement of respiratory disturbance.
Sleep Breath, 12 (2008), pp. 39-45
[20.]
A.J. Prieto.
A method for translation of instruments to other languages.
Adult Education Quaterly, 43 (1992), pp. 1-14
[21.]
A.V. Chobanian, G.L. Bakris, H.R. Black, et al.
The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure: the JNC 7 report.
JAMA, 289 (2003), pp. 2560-2572
[22.]
N.A. Collop, W.M. Anderson, B. Boehlecke, et al.
Clinical guidelines for the use of unattended portable monitors in the diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea in adult patients. Portable Monitoring Task force of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine.
J Clin Sleep Med, 3 (2007), pp. 737-747
[23.]
J.B. Dixon, L.M. Schachter, P.E. O’Brien.
Predicting sleep apnea and excessive day sleepiness in the severely obese: Indicators for polysomnography.
Chest, 123 (2003), pp. 1134-1141
Copyright © 2011. Sociedade Portuguesa de Pneumologia
Pulmonology
Article options
Tools

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?