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Vol. 7. Issue 1.
Pages 25-33 (January - February 2001)
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Vol. 7. Issue 1.
Pages 25-33 (January - February 2001)
ARTIGO ORIGINAL/ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Open Access
Tabagismo passivo e gravidade da asma brônquica na criança
Passive smoking and severity of childhood asthma
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Elsa Pargana*,****, Ângela Gaspar*, Cristina Santa Marta**, Graça Pires**, Sara Prates**, Mário Morais de Almeida**, José Rosado Pinto***
* Interna do Internato Complementar de Imunoalergologia do Hospital de Dona Estefânia
** Assistente Hospitalar de Imunoalergologia do Hospital de Dona Estefânia
*** Director do Serviço de Imunoalergologia do Hospital de Dona Estefânia
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RESUMO

A importância da exposição tabágica ambiencial na patogénese da asma brônquica infantil tem sido documentada, podendo relacionar-se com a sua gravidade e limitação da função pulmonar.

Objectivo: Avaliar a importância da exposição tabágica como factor de gravidade, relacionado com o internamento hospitalar, na asma brônquica infantil.

Métodos: Foram caracterizados os hábitos tabágicos de 128 famílias de crianças, com uma idade média de 4.3 anos, internadas por exacerbação de asma, durante um período de dois anos, correlacionando os dados obtidos com os de uma amostra de crianças observadas na consulta, emparelhada poridade, sexo e meio sócio-económico-cultural.

Resultados: Os hábitos tabágicos eram significativamente mais elevados nas famílias das crianças internadas, estando presentes em 80% destas comparativamente a 46% das famílias das crianças observadas na consulta (p<0.0001). As crianças sujeitas a exposição tabágica apresentavam um risco relativo de 4.6 (IC95%=2.6-8.0) para internamento hospitalar. O pai foi identificado como o principal responsável pelo tabagismo passivo em ambas as populações (p<0.0001; OR=3.0, IC95%=1.8-4.9). Na amostra de crianças internadas o número de mulheres fumadoras era significativamente superior (35%) ao observado na população da consulta (23%): p=0.04; OR=1.8, IC95%=1.0-3.1.

Conclusõo: A existência de tabagismo passivo parental, em particular materno, é um factor de risco significativo para a gravidade da asma brônquica infantil. A prevenção primária, com evicção da exposição tabágica na criança, deverá ser o objectivo a atingir.

REV PORT PNEUMOL 2001; VII (1):

Palavras-chave:
Tabagismo passivo
Asma brônquica
Internamento
Criança
Factor de risco
ABSTRACT

There is an increasing evidence that passive smoking is involved in the etiology of childhood asthma and may be related to its severity and to pulmonary function limitation.

Purpose: To evaluate if environmental tobacco smoke exposure could be a risk factor for childhood asthma admission.

Methods: We characterise the smoking habits of 128 families of children (mean age 4.3years), admitted to hospital for asthma, during a period of two years, correlating the obtained data with a sample of families of asthmatic outpatients, matched by age, gender and socio-economical conditions.

Results: We found in the in-patient families a smoking prevalence of 80% vs 46% in the out-patient families (p<0.0001). The asthmatic children with passive tobacco smoke had a relative risk of 4.6 (95%CI=2.6-8.0) to hospital admission. In most of the cases, the father was responsible for tobacco consumption (65% in in-patients vs 38% in outpatients - p<0.0001; OR=3.0, 95%CI=1.8-4.9). In mothers, the higher prevalence of smoking habits was identified among the hospitalised children (35% vs 23% - p=0.04; OR=1.8, 95%CI=1.0-3.1).

Conclusion: Passive parental smoking, namely from the mother, is an significant risk factor for childhood asthma severity. The prevention of exposition must be the goal to achieve.

REV PORT PNEUMOL 2001; VII (1):

Key-words:
Passive smoking
Bronchial asthma
Children
Admission
Risk factor
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Copyright © 2001. Sociedade Portuguesa de Pneumologia/SPP
Pulmonology
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