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Vol. 8. Issue 2.
Pages 115-129 (March - April 2002)
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Vol. 8. Issue 2.
Pages 115-129 (March - April 2002)
ARTIGO ORIGINAL/ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Open Access
Asma ocupacional na indústria têxtil: avaliação pela hiperreactividade brônquica e registo do DEMI*
Occupational asthma in the cotton textile industry: assessment by bronchial hyperreactivity and peak expiratory flow recording
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J. Torres da Costa1, J. Alberto Ferreira2, Eunice Castro2, Marianela Vaz3, Henrique Barros4, J. Agostinho Marques5, A. Sousa Pinto6
1 Assistente Hospitalar Graduado de Imunoalergologia, Unidade de Imunoalergologia, Hospital S. João, Porto.
2 Interno Complementar de Imunoalergologia, Unidade de Imunoalergologia, Hospital S. João, Porto.
3 Chefe de Serviço, Directora da Unidade de Imunoalergologia, Hospital S. João, Porto.
4 Director do Serviço de Higiene e Epidemiologia da F. Medicina U. P.
5 Director de Serviço de Pneumologia, H. S. João e F. Medicina U. P.
6 Director do Departamento de Clínica Geral da F. Medicina U. P.
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RESUMO

Introdução: Na indústria têxtil, a exposição a poeiras de algodão e outras fibras vegetais está na origem de várias doenças respiratórias, como a asma ocupacional (AO) e bissinose (B). A distinção clínica entre as duas é pouco específica, assentando, essencialmente, no agravamento dos sintomas no 1.º dia de trabalho após afastamento de alguns dias, podendo ser o restante quadro clínico muito semelhante.

Objectivos: Avaliar a importância do estudo de hiperreactividade brônquica (HRB) e registo de DEMI no diagnóstico diferencial entre asma ocupacional e bissinose na indústria têxtil.

População e métodos: 62 trabalhadores de uma fiação de algodão (32M, 30H), média de idades: 41,5±10,6 anos. Tempo de exposição a poeiras de algodão: 20,3±10,8 anos e sintomas respiratórios: 10,4±15,1 anos. Efectuada história clínica, testes cutâneos “prick”, provas de função respiratória, prova de metacolina (M), registo do DEMI e doseamento de IgE total. O diagnóstico inicial foi estabelecido com base em critérios exclusivamente clínicos e revisto, posteriormente, de acordo com os resultados da avaliação da HRB e dos registos do DEMI.

Resultados: Diagnóstico inicial (história clínica): B: 16, AO: 25 e asma não ocupacional (A): 21 trabalhadores. Cinquenta e dois trabalhadores (84%) apresentaram PC20M ≤ 16mg/ml (média: 1,9±3,2 mg/ml). Veri-ficaram-se variações do DEMI ≥ 20% em 25%, 68% e 100% dos trabalhadores e agravamento dos valores de DEMI em trabalho (impressão óptica) em 25%, 56% e 24% dos trabalhadores com B, AO e A, respectiva-mente. Diagnóstico final (história clínica, prova de metacolina e registo de DEMI): B: 20 (32%), AO: 23 (37%) e A: 19 (37%).

Dos 16 trabalhadores com B, 12 mantiveram diagnóstico e 4 foram classificados como AO (M positiva e agravamento do DEMI em trabalho). Dos 25 com AO, 14 mantiveram diagnóstico, enquanto 3 foram incluídos na A (DEMI sem variabilidade com exposição) e 8na B (M negativa ou ausência de variabilidade do DEMI). Dos 21 com A, 16 mantiveram o diagnóstico e 5 foram reclassificados como AO (agravamento do DEMI em trabalho).

Diagnóstico final: B: 20, AO: 23 e A: 19 trabalhadores.

Conclusão: A caracterização da asma ocupacional na indústria têxtil necessita da avaliação da HRB e da confirmação da relação dos sintomas com a exposição, através do registo do DEMI.

REV PORT PNEUMOL 2002; VIII (2):

Palavras-chave:
asma ocupacional
bissinose
hiperreactividade brônquica
DEMI
indústria têxtil
ABSTRACT

In the textile industry, exposure to cotton dust and other vegetable fibres, is responsible for respiratory diseases such as occupational asthma (OA) and byssinosis (B). The clinical distinction between them lacks specificity and is based essentially on the worsening of the symptoms on the first day back to work after a few days of absence. The rest of the clinical picture may be very similar.

Objective: To assess the importance of the bronchial hyperreactivity (BHR) and Peak Flow Metter recording (PFMR) in the differential diagnosis of OA and B.

Methods: We evaluated 62 workers from the cotton industry (30M, 32F), mean age 41.5±10.6 years with regards to clinical history, skin prick tests, respiratory function tests, bronchial hyperreactivity to methacholine, PFMR and total IgE measurement. Mean exposure time to dust cotton was 20.3±10.8 years and the history of respiratory symptoms 10.4±15.1 years. The initial diagnosis was based, exclusively, on clinical parameters and was later reviewed according to the results of HRB and PFMR.

Results: Initial diagnosis (clinical history): B: 16 (26%), OA: 25 (40%) and non-occupational asthma (A): 21 (34%). Fifty-two workers (84%) had PC20M ≤ 16mg/ml (mean: 1.9±3.2 mg/ml). We observed an impairment of PEF values during exposure (visual assessment) in 25%, 56% e 24% of the workers and PEF variation > 20% at work 25%, 68% e 100% of the workers with B, AO and A, respectively. Final diagnosis (clinical history, BHR and PFMR): B: 20 (32%), OA: 23 (37%) and A: 19 (37%).

From the 16 workers with B, 12 kept the diagnosis and 4 were classified as OA (positive M and PEF impairment at work). From the 25 with OA, 14 kept the diagnosis, 3 were included in A (PEF without variability at work) and 8 in B (PC20M > 16 mg/ml or PEF without variability). From the 21 workers with A, 16 kept the diagnosis and 5 were reclassified as OA (PEF impairment at work).

Final diagnosis: B: 20, OA: 23 and A: 19 workers.

Conclusion: The characterization of occupational asthma in the cotton textile industry needs bronchial hyperreactivity evaluation and confirmation of the relationship between symptoms and exposure by the Peak Flow Metter recording.

REV PORT PNEUMOL 2002; VIII (2)∝

Key-words:
occupational asthma
byssinosis
bronchial hyperreactivity
Peak Flow Metter
textile industry
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Estudo realizado no âmbito das actividades da “Unidade de Estudo e Investigação de Doenças Respiratórias Profissionais”

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