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Vol. 1. Issue 3.
Pages 207-213 (May - June 1995)
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Vol. 1. Issue 3.
Pages 207-213 (May - June 1995)
ARTIGO ORIGINAL
Open Access
Avaliação hemodinâmica como critério de prescrição de oxigénioterapia de longo termo na insuficiência respiratória crónica grave secundária a bronquite crónica e enfisema
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Joaquim Moita*, Moutinho Dos Santos**, Ana M. Arrobas**, Leitão Marques***, Rui Pato****
* Assistente Hospitalar de Pneumologia
** Assistente Hospitalar Graduado de Pneumologia
*** Chefe de Serviço de Cardiologia
**** Chefe de Serviço de Pneumologia
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RESUMO

A presença e magnitude da hipertensão da hipertensão da artéria pulmonar (HTAP) tem um impacto negativo no prognóstico dos doentes com Insuficiência Respiratória Crónica Grave (IRCG), definida por PaO2<65mmHg, secundária a Bronquite Crónica e Enfisema (BCE). O aumento de sobrevida destes doentes depende, em grande medida, da identificação precoce da HTA e da sua correcção com a administração de Oxigénioterapia de Longo Termo (OLT), motivo pelo qual a medição directa da Pressão da Artéria Pulmonar (PAP), por cateterismo de Swan-Ganz, integra o protocolo de avaliação a que subtemos todos os doentes com IRCG.

Com vista a esclarecer o papel do cateterismo como critério complementar na selecção de candidatos a OLT, apresentamos nos primeiros 49 doentes cateterizados, a relação da PAP com: VEMS, PaO2 e PaCO2, sinais electrocardiogréficos de Cor Pulmonale Crónico (CPC) e sinais de Insuficiência Cardíaca Direita (ICD).

No grupo de 39 doentes com HTAP (PAP20) os valores de VEMS, PaO2, e PaCO2 (28,9;54,6 e 49,0) são mais graves que os encontrados nos doentes sem HTAP (40,0;58,4 e 46,7).

A HTAP está presente quase universalmente nos doentes com PaO255mmHg (em 24 de 27 casos nestas circunstâncias) e, em grande número de doentes com PaO265mmHg (15 de 22).

O padrão electrocardiográfico de CPC e/ou semiologia de ICD, presente em cerca de 1/3 dos doentes, mostraram-se elementos diagnósticos de HTAP específicos, mas pouco sensíveis.

Conclui-se que o cateterismo do coração direito desempenha um papel importante na selecção de candidatos a OLT com critérios de prescrição “borderline” (55 ≤: PaO265).

Palavras-chave:
Bronquite Crónica
Enfisema
Insuficiência Respiratória Crónica
Hipertensão da Artéria Pulmonar
Oxigénioterapia de Longo Termo
Catetcrismo Cardíaco Direito
ABTRACT

HEMODYNAMIC EVALUATION AS A CRITERION IN THE PRESCRIPTION OF LONG TERM OXYGEN THERAPY IN SEVERE CHRONIC RESPIRATORY FAILURE SECONDARY TO CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE

The presence and magnitude of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAHT) has a negative impact on prognosis in patients with Severe Chronic Respiratory Failure (SCRF), as defined by a PaO2 lower than 65mmHg, secondary to Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). The longevity of these patients depends, to a large degree, on the early diagnosis of PATH and its treatment with Long Term Oxygen Therapy. The direct measurement of Pulmonary Arterial Pressure (PAP), using a Swan-Ganz catheter, is a integral part of the protocol to which we submitte all patients with SCRF.

With the objective of establishing the role of catherization as a criterion in the selection of candidates for LTO, we present, in the first 49 catheterized patients, the relationship between PAP and: FEV1, PaO2, PaCO2, EKC evidence of Chronic Cor Pulmonale (CPC), and evidence of Right Heart Failure (RHF).

In the group of 39 patients with PATH (PAP20) the values for FE1, PaO2 and PaCO2 (28.9, 54.6 and 49.0) are more severe than those found in patient without hypertension (40.0, 58.4 and 46.7).

PATH is found, almost universally in patients with PaO255 (24 of the 27 patients) and in a large number of patients with PaO265 (15 of 22).

An EKC pattern compatible with CPC and/or signs of RHF, present in approximately one-third of the patients, are found to be highly specific but of low sensitivity for PATH.

We conclude that right heart catherization plays an important role in the selection of candidates for LTO with borderline PaO2 prescrition criteria (55PaO265).

Key-Words:
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Chronic Respiratory Failure
Chronic Respiratory Failure
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Right Heart Catherization
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Copyright © 1995. Sociedade Portuguesa de Pneumologia/SPP
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