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Vol. 16. Issue 2.
Pages 273-286 (March - April 2010)
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Vol. 16. Issue 2.
Pages 273-286 (March - April 2010)
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Bronchopulmonary dysplasia: Clinical practices in five Portuguese neonatal intensive care units
Displasia broncopulmonar: Práticas clínicas em cinco unidades de cuidados intensivos neonatais
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978
H. Guimarães1,
Corresponding author
herciliaguimaraes@gmail.com

Correspondence to/Correspondência: Serviço de Neonatologia/Departamento de Pediatria – Hospital de São João, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4202-451 Porto. Telephone: 00351 225095816, Fax: +225505919.
, G. Rocha1, G. Vasconcellos1, E. Proença2, M.L. Carreira3, M.R. Sossai4, B. Morais4, I. Martins5, T. Rodrigues6, M. Severo6
1 NICU, Hospital de S. João, Porto
2 Maternidade Júlio Dinis, Porto
3 Hospital de Santo António, Porto
4 Hospital Fernando da Fonseca, Amadora/Sintra
5 Hospital Pedro Hispano, Matosinhos
6 Departamento de Epidemiologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Portugal/Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine of Porto University, Portugal
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Article information
Abstract

With the advent of surfactant, prenatal corticosteroids (PNC) and advances in technology, the survival rate of extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants has improved dramatically. Rates of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) vary widely among neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) and many studies using multiple interventions have shown some improvement in BPD rates. Implementing potentially better practices to reduce BPD has been an effort made over the last few decades.

Aim

To compare five Portuguese NICUs in terms of clinical practices in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants, in order to develop better practices to prevent BPD.

Patients and methods

256 preterm neonates, gestational age (GA)<30 weeks and/or birthweight (BW)<1250g admitted to five Portuguese NICUs (centers 1 to 5) between 1st January 2004 and 31st December 2006, were studied. VLBW infants with major malformations, grade IV intraventricular haemorrhage in the first week of life and metabolic or neuromuscular disease were excluded. BPD was defined as oxygen dependency at 36 weeks of postconceptional age. We considered a practice to be improved as clinically significant whenever a decrease greater than 10% in the prevalence of BPD adjusted for the practice, GA and BW was achieved compared to BPD prevalence adjusted only for GA and BW.

Results

The overall prevalence of BPD was 12.9%. Our results revealed that PNC use should be improved in centers 4 and 5; fluid policy in center 4; oxygen therapy and sepsis prevention in centers 1 and 2. Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) treatment should be improved in center 2.

Conclusion

The implementation of potentially better practices to reduce lung injury in neonates in Portuguese NICUs, according to each NICU, must be addressed to increase the prescription of PNC, to use a lower FiO2, to be careful with fluid administration in the first weeks of life and to prevent PDA and sepsis. It is necessary to follow guidelines, recommendations or protocols to improve quality in the prevention of BPD.

Key-words:
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia
neonatal intensive care
preterm infants
better practices
mechanical ventilation
oxygen therapy
prenatal corticosteroids
sepsis
patent ductus arteriosus
Resumo

Com o advento do surfactante, dos corticosteróides pré-natais e dos avanços na tecnologia, a sobrevida dos recém-nascidos de extremo baixo peso tem melhorado dramaticamente. As taxas de displasia broncopulmonar (DBP) variam amplamente entre unidades, e vários estudos, avaliando resultados de múltiplas intervenções, têm mostrado alguma melhoria na prevalência da DBP. A implementação de potenciais boas práticas na DBP tem sido adoptada por muitos serviços nas últimas décadas.

Objectivo

Comparar cinco unidades portuguesas de cuidados intensivos neonatais no que se refere as práticas clínicas no tratamento dos recém-nascidos de muito baixo peso, para desenvolver e melhorar as boas práticas na prevenção da DBP.

População e métodos

Foram estudados 256 recém-nascidos com a idade gestacional inferior a 30 semanas e/ou peso ao nascer inferior a 1250g, admitidos nas cinco unidades portuguesas (centros 1 a 5) entre 1 de Janeiro de 2004 e 31 de Dezembro de 2006. Foram excluídos os recém-nascidos com malformações major, hemorragia intraventricular grau IV na primeira semana de vida e com doença metabólica ou neuromuscular. Definimos DBP como a dependência do oxigénio às 36 semanas de idade pósconcepcional. A necessidade de melhorar determinada prática foi considerada significativa sempre que se verificava uma melhoria superior a 10% na prevalência da DBP ajustada para a prática, idade gestacional e peso ao nascer, comparada com a prevalência ajustada só para a idade gestacional e peso ao nascer.

Resultados

A prevalência global da DBP foi de 12,9%. Os resultados mostram que o uso de corticosteróides pré-natais deve ser melhorado nos centros 4 e 5; a política de fluidos deve ser melhorada no centro 4; o uso de oxigénio e a prevenção da sépsis deve ser melhorada nos centros 1 e 2. O tratamento do canal arterial patente deve ser melhorado no centro 2.

Conclusão

Neste estudo, a implementação de boas práticas para reduzir a lesão pulmonar nos recém-nascidos, de acordo com cada unidade, deve ser dirigida ao aumento da prescrição de corticosteróides pré-natais, ao uso de menor FiO2, ao uso criterioso de líquidos na primeiras semanas de vida, à prevenção do canal arterial patente e da sépsis. Guidelines, recomendações ou protocolos são necessários na melhoria da qualidade na prevenção da DBP.

Palavras-chave:
Displasia broncopulmonar
cuidados intensivos neonatais
recém-nascidos de pré-termo
boas práticas
ventilação mecânica
oxigénio
corticosteróides pré-natais
sépsis
canal arterial patente
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