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Vol. 11. Issue 2.
Pages 135-154 (March - April 2005)
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Vol. 11. Issue 2.
Pages 135-154 (March - April 2005)
Artigo Original/Original Article
Open Access
Cancro do pulmão – O que mudou em duas décadas
Lung cancer – What has changed in two decades
Visits
6259
Maria Sucena1,
Corresponding author
gusmaria23@hotmail.com

Correspondência: Serviço de Pneumologia do Hospital de S. João Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4202-451 Porto Telefone: 225512214
, Gabriela Fernandes1, Henrique Queiroga2,3, Venceslau Hespanhol2,4
1 Interna Complementar de Pneumologia do Hospital de S. João
2 Assistente Hospitalar Graduado de Pneumologia do Hospital de S. João
3 Professor Auxiliar de Medicina da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto
4 Professor Associado de Medicina da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto
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Resumo

O cancro do pulmão (CP) é um problema major de saúde pública, sendo a neoplasia mais comum no sexo masculino e a que maior mortalidade determina em ambos os sexos. Há duas décadas observava-se um predomínio do carcinoma epidermóide; no entanto, actualmente, o adenocarcinoma é o tipo histológico mais frequente.

Foi objectivo deste trabalho retrospectivo a comparação dos dados demográficos e dos factores relacionados com a doença em doentes cujo diagnóstico de CP foi efectuado nos períodos compreendidos entre 1979-1982 e 1999-2002 no H. S. João.

Nos oito anos referentes ao estudo foi diagnosticado CP em 750 doentes. Dos 236 doentes cujo diagnóstico foi efectuado entre 1979-1982, 84,3% eram do sexo masculino, com uma idade média de 60,0±10,0 anos. O tipo histológico predominante foi o carcinoma epidermóide (46,2%). No período entre 1999-2002 foi diagnosticado CP em 514 doentes (83,9% sexo masculino; idade média 64,7±10,8 anos), com um predomínio do adenocarcinoma (47,1%). Ao longo dos 20 anos analisados verificaram-se diferenças estatisticamente significativas em relação aos hábitos tabágicos (aumento da percentagem de fumadores; 73,7% vs 82,4%), idade dos doentes (aumento da idade média), tipo histológico (aumento da percentagem de adenocarcinoma e diminuição do carcinoma epidermóide e carcinoma de pequenas células) e tratamento (diminuição da proporção de doentes submetidos apenas a terapêutica de suporte; 26% vs 19%).

Como conclusão, saliente-se a evolução dos tipos histológicos nos últimos 20 anos e um menor recurso ao tratamento sintomático como única opção terapêutica.

Rev Port Pneumol 2005; XI (2): 135-154

Palavras chave:
Cancro do pulmão
histologia
estado geral
estádio
tratamento
Abstract

Lung cancer (LC) is a major public health problem and it is the most common form of cancer in men. It remains the most common cause of cancer death in men and women. In the initial decades of the smoking-caused epidemic, squamous cell carcinoma was the most frequent type. Recently there was a shift toward predominance of adenocarcinoma.

The aim of our retrospective study was to compare the demographic factors and factors connected with the disease in patients whose LC was diagnosed in two distinct periods in H.S.João (1979-1982 and 19992002).

A total of 750 LC were diagnosed. Between 19791982 a total of 236 patients were diagnosed LC (84.3% male; mean age 60.0±10.0). The most common histological type was squamous cell (46.2%). A total of 514 LC were diagnosed during the period 1999-2002 (83.9% male; mean age 64.7±10.8) and adenocarcinoma was the most frequent (47.1%). There were significant differences, between the two periods analysed concerning smoking (increase in the number of smokers; 73.7% vs 82.4%), age (increase in the mean age of patients) and histology (higher percentage of adenocarcinoma and reduction of squamous cell and small-cell lung cancer). The percentage of patients treated symptomatically decreased significantly in 20 years (26% vs 19%).

As a conclusion we can say that there was an evolution of histological types in the last two decades and a reduction in the number of patients submitted to symptomatic treatment alone.

Rev Port Pneumol 2005; XI (2): 135-154

Key words:
Lung cancer
histology
performance status
stage
treatment
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