Journal Information
Vol. 13. Issue 3.
Pages 319-334 (May - June 2007)
Share
Share
Download PDF
More article options
Vol. 13. Issue 3.
Pages 319-334 (May - June 2007)
Artigo Original / Original Article
Open Access
Comportamento anti-inflamatório da IL-6 nos derrames pleurais pós-revascularização do miocárdio*
IL-6 anti-inflammatory activity in pleural effusion post-coronary artery bypass graft surgery*
Visits
5890
António M.S. Chibante1,*, Marcelo C. Vaz2, Francisco Suzo Vargas3
1 Professor Associado de Pneumologia da Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / Associate Professor of Pulmonology, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro
2 Professor Assistente de Pneumologia da Universidade de São Paulo / Assistant Professor of Pulmonology, Universidade de São Paulo
3 Professor Titular de Pneumologia da Universidade de São Paulo / Full Professor of Pulmonology, Universidade de São Paulo
This item has received

Under a Creative Commons license
Article information
Resumo

Introdução: O comportamento pleural pós-cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio (PCRM) não está devidamente esclarecido em relação à resposta infla-matória local e requer maior interesse por ser uma observação constante e ainda pouco estudada.

Objectivo: Avaliar o comportamento de algumas citocinas, em especial o possível papel anti-inflamatório da IL-6 (proteína envolvida na síntese da cortisona), no líquido pleural PCRM, uma vez que a sua actividade pró-inflamatória é constantemente referida, assim como o seu papel de citocina de fase de resposta aguda ao lado do TNF-α e da IL-1β nos processos inflamatórios agudos.

Casuística e método: foram estudadas e analisadas pelo método ELISA as citocinas TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, VEGF e TGF-β em 16 transudatos e 43 exsudatos de líquido pleural em três tempos da fase aguda (2, 24 e 48 horas) PCRM no Instituto do Coração e Serviço de Pneumologia da USP – Brasil.

Resultados: Tanto o TNF-α como IL-2 não sofre-ram qualquer tipo de elevação dos seus níveis enquanto os da IL-1β só se elevaram a partir das 24 horas, o que coincidiu com a queda da curva da citocina anti-infla-matória TGF-β, que desde o início foi caindo flagran-temente até aos valores dos transudatos. A IL-8 perma-neceu elevada nas três fases e o VEGF foi ascendendo os seus níveis, que permaneceram estáveis nas 24 e 48 horas seguintes. A IL-6 mostrou-se em concentrações elevadas desde o início, apresentando-se como a úni-ca citocina com potencial anti-inflamatório durante as três fases de avaliação.

Conclusões: Concluímos que a citocina IL-6 parece ter papel anti-inflamatório de destaque e superior ao TGF-β nos derrames pleurais PCRM e que o seu comportamento desarticula, pelo menos neste tipo de derrame, a ideia de citocina pró-inflamatória de resposta de fase aguda. Ao que parece, este é o primeiro estudo que procura demonstrar um papel favorável da IL-6 no processo inflamatório da pleura na fase aguda PCRM.

Rev Port Pneumol 2007; XIII (3): 319-334

Palavras-chave:
IL-6
citocinas
derrame pleural
Abstract

Introduction: The local inflammatory reaction as-pects of pleural behaviour post-coronary artery bypass graft surgery (PCABG) are not completely evident, demanding further study and observation.

Aim: To evaluate the behaviour of some cytokines and the possible anti-inflammatory activity of IL-6 (a protein involved in cortisone synthesis) on acute PCABG pleural fluid, since this cytokine is usually considered as an acute phase reaction protein associated to high concentrations of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta in immediate inflammatory reactions.

Material and methods: The concentrations of the TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, VEGF and TGF-beta cytokines in 16 transudates and 43 exudates in acute PCABS pleural fluid of patients were analysed by the ELISA method 2, 24 and 48 hours after surgery at the Instituto do Coração and Serviço de Pneumologia da USP, Brazil.

Results: While no increase was seen in either TNF-alpha or IL-2 in any of the three tests, IL-1beta increased after 24 until 48 hours, coinciding with the TGF-beta curve decline which fell from the beginning to reach the transudates levels. IL-8 reminded higher from the beginning and through the two subsequent tests while VEGF levels were elevated from the first test and continued high for the following 24 and 48 hours. IL-6 had high concentrations from the beginning, suggesting an anti-inflammatory activity at the three times of testing.

Conclusions: We conclude that IL-6 seems to play an important anti-inflammatory part which is superior to the anti-inflammatory activity of TGF-beta in PCABG pleural effusions. This performance of IL-6 breaks with the traditional idea of it being a pro-in-flammatory acute phase reaction cytokine, at least in this type of pleural effusion. This seems to be the first study involving the favourable behaviour of IL-6 in the inflammatory reaction of pleura in the acute phase of PCABG surgery.

Rev Port Pneumol 2007; XIII (3): 319-334

Key-words:
IL-6
pleural effusion
coronary artery bypass graft surgery
Full text is only aviable in PDF
Bibliografia / Bibliography
[1.]
S. Ishikawa, T. Takahashi, A. Ohtaki, Y. Sato, M. Suzuki, Y. Hasegawa, J. Mohara, K. Oshima, Y. Morishita.
Peripheral pulmonary atelectasis and oxygentation impairment following coronary artery bypass grafting.
J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino), 43 (2002), pp. 419
[2.]
F.S. Vargas, K.K. Vezhimi, F.F. Jatene, M. Terra-Filho, W. Hueb, A. Cukier, R.W. Light.
Acute pleuropulmonary complications detected by computed tomography following myocardial revascularization.
Rev Hosp Clin Fac Med São Paulo, 57 (2002), pp. 135-142
[3.]
R.W. Light.
Pleural effusions after coronary artery bypass graft surgery.
Curr Opin Pulm Med, 8 (2002), pp. 308-311
[4.]
S. Ishikawa, A. Ohtaki, T. Takahashi, K. Sakate, T. Koyano, M. Kano, S. Ohkis, O. Kawashima, Y. Hamada, Y. Moorishita.
PEEP therapy for patients with pleurotomy during coronary artery bypass.
J Card Surg, 15 (2000), pp. 175-178
[5.]
R.W. Light, J.T. Rogers, D. Cheng, et al.
Large pleural effusions after coronary artery bypassing grafting.
Cardio-vascular Surgery Associates, 130 (1999), pp. 891-896
[6.]
Y.C. Lee, Vaz Mac, K.A. Ely, et al.
Symptomatic persistent post-coronary artery bypass graft pleural effusion requiring treatment-clinical and histologic features.
Chest, 119 (2001), pp. 795-800
[7.]
J.P. Areno, J.P. McCarteney, J. Eggerstedt, W. Grafton, R. George.
Persistent pleural effusions following coronary bypass surgery.
Chest, 114 (1998), pp. 311-314
[8.]
S. Wan, A. Marchant, J.M. Desemet.
Human cytokine responses to cardiac transplantation and coronary artery bypass grafting.
J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 111 (1996), pp. 469-477
[9.]
M. Gaudino, R. Zamparelli, F. Andreotti, F. Burzotta, L. Ta-coviello, F. Glieca, M. Benedett, A. Maseri, R. Schiavello, G. Possati.
Normothermia does not improve postoperative hemostasis nor does it reduce inflammatory activation in patients undergoing primary isolated coronary artery bypass.
J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 123 (2002), pp. 1092-1100
[10.]
C.A. Dinarello.
Proinflammatory Cytokines.
Chest, 118 (2000), pp. 503-508
[11.]
C. Kroegel, V.B. Anthony.
Immunobiology of pleural inflammation: potential implications for pathogenesis, diagnosis and therapy.
Eur Respir J, 10 (1997), pp. 2411-2418
[12.]
M.D. Xirouchaki, N. Tzanakis, D. Bouros, D. Kyriakou, N. Karkavirtsas, M. Alexandrakis, N.M. Siafakas.
Diagnostic value of interleukin-1a, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor in pleural effusions.
Chest, 121 (2002), pp. 815-820
[13.]
S.M. Opal, V.A. De Pablo.
Anti-inflammatory cytokines.
Chest, 117 (2000), pp. 1162-1172
[14.]
M.G. Alexandrakis, D.S. Kuriakou, D. Bouros, I. Xylouri, N. Antonakis, N.M. Siafakas.
Interleukin-6 and its relationships to acute phase proteins in serous effusion differentiation.
Oncol Respir., 8 (2001), pp. 415-420
[15.]
G.J. Zhang, I. Adachi.
Serum interleukin-6 levels correlate to tumor progression and prognosis in metastatic breast carcinoma.
Anticancer Res, 19 (1999), pp. 1427-1432
[16.]
B.E. Barton.
IL-6: insights into novel biological activities.
Clin Immunol, 85 (1997), pp. 16-20
[17.]
C. Monton, A. Torres.
Lung inflammatory response in pneumonia.
Arch Chest Dis, 53 (1998), pp. 56-63
[18.]
A. Yokoyama, N. Kohno, A. Fujino, M. Abe, O. Ishida, K. Hiwada.
Soluble interleukin-6 receptor levels in pleural effusions.
Respir Med, 90 (1996), pp. 329-332
[19.]
D.P. Stites, A.L. Terr, T.G. Parslow.
Medical Immunology, 9, Appleton and Lange, (1997),
[20.]
H. Tilg, E. Trehu, M.B. Atkins.
Interleukin-6 as an anti-inflammatory cytokine: reduction of circulating IL-1 receptor antagonist and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor.
Blood, 83 (1994), pp. 113-118
[21.]
M.C. Ruzek, A.H. Miller, S.M. Opal.
Caracterization of early cytokine responses in an interleukin-6 dependent pathway of endogenous glucocorticoid induction during murine cytomegalovirus infection.
J Exp Med, 185 (1997), pp. 1185-1192
[22.]
Z. Xing, J. Gauldie, G. Cox, et al.
Il-6 is an antiinflam-matory cytokine required for controlling local or systemic acute inflammatory responses.
J Clin Invest, 101 (1998), pp. 311-320
[23.]
Y.C. Gary-Lee, K.B. Lane.
The many faces of transforming growth factor- beta in pleural diseases.
Curr Opin Pulm Med, 7 (2001), pp. 173-179
[24.]
C.S. Grove, Y.C. Lee.
Vascular endothelial growth factor: the key mediator in pleural effusion formation.
Curr Opin Pulm Med, 8 (2002), pp. 294-301
[25.]
N. Nasreen, K.A. Mohammed, J. Hardwick, R.D. Van Horn, K.L. Sanders, C.M. Doerschuk, J.W. Hott, V.B. Antony.
Polar production of IL-8 by mesothelial cells promotes the transmesothelial immigration of neutrophil: role of intercellular adhesion molecule-1.
J Infect Dis, 183 (2001), pp. 1683-1745
[26.]
D. Weissflog, C. Kroegel, W. Luttmann, P.R. Grahmann, J. Hasse.
Leukocyte infiltration and secretion of cytokines in pleural drainage fluid after thoracic surgery: impaired cytokine response in malignancy and postoperative complications.
Chest, 115 (1999), pp. 1604-1610
[27.]
M.A.C. Vaz, A.M.S. Chibante, F.S. Vargas.
Cytokines in Pleural Effusions in First 48 hours after Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery (CABG).
Chest, 126 (2004), pp. 8965-8969S
Copyright © 2007. Sociedade Portuguesa de Pneumologia/SPP
Download PDF
Pulmonology
Article options
Tools

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?