Journal Information
Vol. 10. Issue 3.
Pages 217-225 (May - June 2004)
Share
Share
Download PDF
More article options
Vol. 10. Issue 3.
Pages 217-225 (May - June 2004)
ARTIGO DE REVISÃO/REVISION ARTICLE
Open Access
Doença pleural e síndroma de imunodeficiência adquirida
Pleural disease and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
Visits
6739
Adelina Amorim*, Maria Sucena*, Gabriela Fernandes*, Adriana Magalhães**
* Interna Complementar de Pneumologia do Hospital de S. João, Porto.
** Assistente graduada de Pneumologia do Hospital de S. João, Porto.
This item has received

Under a Creative Commons license
Article information
RESUMO

As infecções respiratórias estão entre as infecções mais comuns nos doentes infectados pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana (VIH), podendo ocorrer com qualquer valor de CD4. As complicações pleurais não são frequentes, mas têm algumas características distintas das dos doentes VIH negativos.

A ocorrência de pneumotórax (PTX) em doentes com infecção VIH foi descrito pela primeira vez em 1984. A incidência total de PTX nos doentes com síndroma da imunodeficiência adquirida (SIDA) varia entre os 2,7% e 4,9%. A maioria dos casos ocorre em doentes com infecção por Pneumocystis carinii prévia ou actual, que apresentam cavidades pulmonares subpleurais, associadas a necrose. O tratamento do PTX nos doentes com SIDA é difícil, verificando-se uma maior tendência para a persistência de fístulas broncopleurais. O uso de drenagem por toracostomia, com ou sem esclerose pleural, pode não ser suficiente para resolver o PTX. Outras opções terapêuticas são a colocação de uma válvula de Heimlich ou o recurso à cirurgia.

A prevalência e a etiologia do derrame pleural (DP) em doentes hospitalizados com SIDA é muito variável. Uma das causas que pode contribuir para esta variabilidade é a diferença nos factores de risco associados à infecção VIH na população estudada. Os derrames parapneumónicos, a tuberculose e o sarcoma de Kaposi são as causas mais comuns. Os empiemas são uma complicação pleural rara. Apesar de a pneumonia por Pneumocystis carinii ser uma causa comum de pneumonia nos doentes com SIDA, raramente é causa de derrame pleural. Outras causas possíveis de derrame pleural são os linfomas não-Hodgkin, nomeadamente o linfoma das cavidades corporais.

REV PORT PNEUMOL 2004; X (3): 217-225

Palavras-chave:
doença pleural
pneumotórax
derrame pleural
síndroma de imunodeficiência adquirida
VIH
ABSTRACT

Respiratory infections are among the most common complications in patients infected with human immune deficiency virus (HIV) and can occur at all CD4 level. Pleural complications are uncommon but they have some distinctive aspects from HIV-negative patients.

The PTX occurrence in HIV-positive patients was described for the first time in 1984. The total incidence of pneumothorax (PTX) in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) varies from 2,7% to 4,9%. The great majority occurs in patients with current or previous Pneumocystis carinii infection, who present subpleural pulmonary cavities with necrosis. The treatment of spontaneous PTX in patients with AIDS is difficult, with an increased tendency to bronchopleural fistula persistance. The use of tube thoracostomy, with or without pleural sclerose, can be insufficient to resolve PTX. Other therapeutic options are attachment of a Heimlich valve or surgical intervention.

The prevalence and the etiology of pleural effusion (PE) among hospitalized patients with AIDS varies widely. One reason that can contribute to this variability is the diference on risk factors associated with HIV infection, in the studied population. Parapneumonic effusions, tuberculosis and Kaposi’s sarcoma are the most common causes. Empyemas are a rare pleural complication. Although Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is a common cause of pneumonias in AIDS patients, it is an unusual cause of pleural effusion. Other possible causes of pleural effusion are non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, namely body cavity-based lymphoma.

REV PORT PNEUMOL 2004; X (3): 217-225

Key-words:
pleural disease
pneumothorax
pleural effusion. acquired immune deficiency syndrome
HIV
Full text is only aviable in PDF
BIBLIOGRAFIA
[1.]
C.M. Wollschlager, F.A. Khan, R.K. Chitkara, U. Shivaram.
Pulmonary manifestations of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
Chest, 85 (1984), pp. 197-202
[2.]
L.A. Vricella, G.D. Trachiotis.
Heimlich valve in the management of pneumothorax in patients with advanced AIDS.
Chest, 120 (2001), pp. 15-18
[3.]
P.M. Renzi, C. Corbeil, M. Chassé, J. Braidy, N. Matar.
Bilateral pneumothoraces hasten mortality in AIDS patients receiving secondary prophylaxis with aerosolized pentamidine.
Chest, 102 (1992), pp. 491-496
[4.]
R.W. Light, H. Hamm.
Pleural disease and acquired immune deficiency syndrome.
Eur Respir J, 10 (1997), pp. 2638-2643
[5.]
M. Tumbarello, E. Tacconelli, T. Pirronti, R. Cauda, L. Ortona.
Pneumothorax in HIV- infected patients: role of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and pulmonary tuberculosis.
Eur Resp J, 10 (1997), pp. 1332-1335
[6.]
M.F. Beers, M. Sohn, M. Swartz.
Recurrent pneumothorax in AIDS patients with Pneumocystis pneumonia.
Chest, 98 (1990), pp. 266-270
[7.]
M.L. Metersky, H.G. Colt, L.K. Olson, T.G. Shanks.
AIDS-related spontaneous pneumothorax.
Chest, 108 (1995), pp. 946-951
[8.]
D.J. Shanley, B. Luyckx, M.F. Haggerty, T.F. Murphy.
Spontaneous pneumothorax in AIDS patients with recurrent Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia despite aerosolized pentamidina prophylaxis.
Chest, 99 (1991), pp. 502-504
[9.]
M.D. McClellan, S.B. Miller, P.E. Parsons, D.L. Cohn.
Pneumothorax with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in AIDS.
Chest, 100 (1991), pp. 1224-1228
[10.]
B. Afessa.
Pleural effusions and pneumothoraces in AIDS.
Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine, 7 (2001), pp. 202-209
[11.]
G.S. Leoung, D.W.J.R. Feigal, A.B. Montgomery, K. Corkery, L. Wardlaw, M. Adams, et al.
Aerosolized pentamidine for prophylaxis against Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.
N Engl J Med, 323 (1990), pp. 769-775
[12.]
C. Martínez-Vazquez, M. Seijas, A. Ocampo, A. López, I. Oliveira, B. Sopeña, et al.
Neumotórax en pacientes infectados por el virus de inmunodeficiencia humana.
Anales de Medicina Interna, 18 (2001), pp. 521-524
[13.]
B. Afessa.
Pleural effusion and pneumothorax in hospitalized patients with HIV infection.
Chest, 117 (2000), pp. 1031-1037
[14.]
J.D. Felzenberg, R. Sivaprasad, D. Segall.
P carinii and pneumothorax (letter).
Chest, 91 (1987), pp. 934
[15.]
M. Sherman, D. Levin, D. Breidbart.
Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia with spontaneous pneumothorax.
Chest, 90 (1986), pp. 609-610
[16.]
M.H. Baumann, M.S. Jackson.
Less is more?.
Chest editorials, 120 (2001), pp. 1-3
[17.]
T.A. Byrnes, J.K. Bregiv, C.B. Yeoh.
Pneumothorax in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
J Thorac Cardiovas Surg, 98 (1990), pp. 546-550
[18.]
R.A. Schoenenberger, W.E. Haefeli, P. Weiss, et al.
Timing of invasive procedures in therapy for primary and secondary spontaneous pneumothorax.
Chest, 126 (1991), pp. 764-766
[19.]
LIGHT RW. Pleural Diseases. Fourth Edition Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
[20.]
V.G. Suay, P.J. Cordero, E. Martinez, J.J. Soler, M. Perpiña, J.V. Gresses, J. Sanchis.
Parapneumonic effusions secondary to community-acquired bacterial pneumonia in human immunodeficieny virus-infected patients.
Eur Resp J, 8 (1995), pp. 1934-1939
[21.]
J.H. Borge, I.A. Michavila, J.M. Méndez, F.C.R. Dríguez, N.P. Griñán, R.V. Cerrato.
Thoracic empyema in HIV-infected patients.
Chest, 113 (1998), pp. 732-738
[22.]
H. Hamm, H. Matthys.
Pleural disease in patients with AIDS.
Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine, 3 (1997), pp. 315-318
[23.]
A.M. Khalil, M.F. Carette, J.L. Cadranel, C.M. Mayaud, J.M. Bigot.
Intrathoracic Kaposi’s sarcoma.
Chest, 108 (1995), pp. 1622-1626
[24.]
A. Ibrahimbacha, M. Farah, J. Saluja.
An HIV-infected patient with pleural effusion.
Chest, 116 (1999), pp. 1113-1115
[25.]
M.D. Eisner, L.D. Kaplan, B. Herndier, M.S. Stulbarg.
The pulmonary manifestations of AIDS-related non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma.
Chest, 110 (1996), pp. 729-736
[26.]
R.L. Jayes, H.N. Kamerow, S.M. Hasselquist, M.D. Delaney, D.M. Parenti.
Disseminated pneumocystosis presenting as a pleural effusion.
Chest, 103 (1993), pp. 306-308
[27.]
L. Mitchell, Horowitz, Schiff Mark, Samuels Jona Than, Russo Roseann, Schnader Jeff.
Pneumocystis carinii pleural effusion.
Am Rev Respir Dis, 148 (1993), pp. 232-234
[28.]
T.H. Schaumberg, L.M. Scnapp, K.G. Taylor, J.A. Golden.
Diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii infection in HIV-seropositive patients by identification of P carinii in pleural fluid.
Chest, 103 (1993), pp. 1890-1891
Copyright © 2004. Sociedade Portuguesa de Pneumologia/SPP
Download PDF
Pulmonology
Article options
Tools

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?