array:24 [
  "pii" => "S0873215911000341"
  "issn" => "08732159"
  "doi" => "10.1016/j.rppneu.2011.03.011"
  "estado" => "S300"
  "fechaPublicacion" => "2011-07-01"
  "aid" => "19"
  "copyright" => "Sociedade Portuguesa de Pneumologia"
  "copyrightAnyo" => "2011"
  "documento" => "article"
  "crossmark" => 0
  "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/"
  "subdocumento" => "fla"
  "cita" => "Rev Port Pneumol. 2011;17:177-81"
  "abierto" => array:3 [
    "ES" => true
    "ES2" => true
    "LATM" => true
  ]
  "gratuito" => true
  "lecturas" => array:2 [
    "total" => 8916
    "formatos" => array:3 [
      "EPUB" => 240
      "HTML" => 7629
      "PDF" => 1047
    ]
  ]
  "itemSiguiente" => array:20 [
    "pii" => "S0873215911000043"
    "issn" => "08732159"
    "doi" => "10.1016/j.rppneu.2011.01.003"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2011-07-01"
    "aid" => "3"
    "copyright" => "Sociedade Portuguesa de Pneumologia"
    "documento" => "article"
    "crossmark" => 0
    "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/"
    "subdocumento" => "sco"
    "cita" => "Rev Port Pneumol. 2011;17:182-5"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => true
      "ES2" => true
      "LATM" => true
    ]
    "gratuito" => true
    "lecturas" => array:2 [
      "total" => 12088
      "formatos" => array:3 [
        "EPUB" => 242
        "HTML" => 10184
        "PDF" => 1662
      ]
    ]
    "pt" => array:13 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Caso cl&#237;nico</span>"
      "titulo" => "Uma doen&#231;a profissional valiosa e aben&#231;oada &#8211; pneumonia organizativa devido a poeira de ouro"
      "tienePdf" => "pt"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => "pt"
      "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
        0 => "pt"
        1 => "en"
      ]
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "182"
          "paginaFinal" => "185"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "en" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "A rich and blessed professional illness - organizing pneumonia due to gold dust"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
        "pt" => true
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
        "pt" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "pt" => true
      ]
      "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
        "original" => 0
        "multimedia" => array:7 [
          "identificador" => "fig0010"
          "etiqueta" => "Figura 2"
          "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
          "mostrarFloat" => true
          "mostrarDisplay" => false
          "figura" => array:1 [
            0 => array:4 [
              "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg"
              "Alto" => 927
              "Ancho" => 2284
              "Tamanyo" => 403402
            ]
          ]
          "descripcion" => array:1 [
            "pt" => "<p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Anatomo-patologia &#40;A - H &#38; E&#44; B - citoqueratina&#41;&#58; altera&#231;&#245;es difusas do par&#234;nquima pulmonar&#59; alargamento marcado dos septos alveolares&#44; edema e focos de infiltrado linfoc&#237;tico leve a moderado&#44; com raros neutr&#243;filos e alguns eosin&#243;filos&#46; Prolifera&#231;&#227;o intra-alveolar frequente de miofibroblastos com pequenos n&#243;dulos presentes&#46; Estes s&#227;o parcialmente revestidos por pneum&#243;citos altamente reactivos&#46; N&#227;o s&#227;o identificados granulomas&#44; trombos vasculares ou prolifera&#231;&#227;o neopl&#225;sica&#46; Estes aspectos s&#227;o indicativos de um processo de pneumonia intersticial organizativa e exsudativa&#46;</p>"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "P&#46;A&#46; Ribeiro, F&#46; Gir&#227;o, P&#46; Henriques"
          "autores" => array:3 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "P&#46;A&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Ribeiro"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "F&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Gir&#227;o"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "P&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Henriques"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "pt"
    "Traduccion" => array:1 [
      "en" => array:9 [
        "pii" => "S2173511511000042"
        "doi" => "10.1016/j.rppnen.2011.01.003"
        "estado" => "S300"
        "subdocumento" => ""
        "abierto" => array:3 [
          "ES" => true
          "ES2" => true
          "LATM" => true
        ]
        "gratuito" => true
        "lecturas" => array:1 [
          "total" => 0
        ]
        "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
        "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173511511000042?idApp=UINPBA00004E"
      ]
    ]
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0873215911000043?idApp=UINPBA00004E"
    "url" => "/08732159/0000001700000004/v2_201509041537/S0873215911000043/v2_201509041537/pt/main.assets"
  ]
  "itemAnterior" => array:20 [
    "pii" => "S0873215911000055"
    "issn" => "08732159"
    "doi" => "10.1016/j.rppneu.2010.12.001"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2011-07-01"
    "aid" => "4"
    "copyright" => "Sociedade Portuguesa de Pneumologia"
    "documento" => "article"
    "crossmark" => 0
    "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/"
    "subdocumento" => "fla"
    "cita" => "Rev Port Pneumol. 2011;17:172-6"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => true
      "ES2" => true
      "LATM" => true
    ]
    "gratuito" => true
    "lecturas" => array:2 [
      "total" => 8812
      "formatos" => array:3 [
        "EPUB" => 280
        "HTML" => 6916
        "PDF" => 1616
      ]
    ]
    "pt" => array:13 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Artigo original</span>"
      "titulo" => "Efeito imediato e a curto prazo do cigarro sobre o transporte mucociliar nasal de fumadores"
      "tienePdf" => "pt"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => "pt"
      "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
        0 => "pt"
        1 => "en"
      ]
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "172"
          "paginaFinal" => "176"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "en" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "Immediate and short term effects of smoking on nasal mucociliary clearance in smokers"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
        "pt" => true
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
        "pt" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "pt" => true
      ]
      "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
        "original" => 0
        "multimedia" => array:7 [
          "identificador" => "fig0010"
          "etiqueta" => "Figura 2"
          "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
          "mostrarFloat" => true
          "mostrarDisplay" => false
          "figura" => array:1 [
            0 => array:4 [
              "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg"
              "Alto" => 1083
              "Ancho" => 1555
              "Tamanyo" => 46389
            ]
          ]
          "descripcion" => array:1 [
            "pt" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Correla&#231;&#227;o entre Tempo de Tr&#226;nsito da Sacarina &#40;TTS&#41; em fumadores 8 horas ap&#243;s fumar e &#237;ndice de anos&#47;ma&#231;o &#40;r<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;74&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;0003&#41;&#46;</p>"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "M&#46; Proen&#231;a, R&#46; Fagundes Xavier, D&#46; Ramos, V&#46; Cavalheri, F&#46; Pitta, E&#46;M&#46; Cipulo Ramos"
          "autores" => array:6 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "M&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Proen&#231;a"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "R&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Fagundes Xavier"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "D&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Ramos"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "V&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Cavalheri"
            ]
            4 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "F&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Pitta"
            ]
            5 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "E&#46;M&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Cipulo Ramos"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "pt"
    "Traduccion" => array:1 [
      "en" => array:9 [
        "pii" => "S2173511511000054"
        "doi" => "10.1016/j.rppnen.2010.12.001"
        "estado" => "S300"
        "subdocumento" => ""
        "abierto" => array:3 [
          "ES" => true
          "ES2" => true
          "LATM" => true
        ]
        "gratuito" => true
        "lecturas" => array:1 [
          "total" => 0
        ]
        "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
        "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173511511000054?idApp=UINPBA00004E"
      ]
    ]
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0873215911000055?idApp=UINPBA00004E"
    "url" => "/08732159/0000001700000004/v2_201509041537/S0873215911000055/v2_201509041537/pt/main.assets"
  ]
  "en" => array:14 [
    "idiomaDefecto" => true
    "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Special article</span>"
    "titulo" => "Good morning&#44; Doctor Google"
    "tieneTextoCompleto" => true
    "paginas" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "paginaInicial" => "177"
        "paginaFinal" => "181"
      ]
    ]
    "autores" => array:1 [
      0 => array:4 [
        "autoresLista" => "J&#46; Escarrabill, T&#46; Mart&#237;, E&#46; Torrente"
        "autores" => array:3 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "nombre" => "J&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Escarrabill"
            "email" => array:1 [
              0 => "jescarrabill&#64;gencat&#46;cat"
            ]
            "referencia" => array:2 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0005"
              ]
              1 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span>"
                "identificador" => "cor0005"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          1 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "T&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Mart&#237;"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0010"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          2 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "E&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Torrente"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0015"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "afiliaciones" => array:3 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Direcci&#243;n del Plan Director de las Enfermedades del Aparato Respiratorio PDMAR &#40;Departament de Salut&#41;&#44; &#193;rea de Innovaci&#243;n&#44; Institut d&#8217;Estudis de la Salut&#44; &#40;Departament de Salut&#41;&#44; Barcelona&#44; Spain"
            "etiqueta" => "a"
            "identificador" => "aff0005"
          ]
          1 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Indesinenter&#44; Barcelona&#44; Spain"
            "etiqueta" => "b"
            "identificador" => "aff0010"
          ]
          2 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "&#193;rea de Innovaci&#243;n&#44; Institut d&#8217;Estudis de la Salut&#44; Departament de Salut&#44; Barcelona&#44; Spain"
            "etiqueta" => "c"
            "identificador" => "aff0015"
          ]
        ]
        "correspondencia" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "cor0005"
            "etiqueta" => "&#8270;"
            "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author&#46;"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
      "de" => array:1 [
        "titulo" => "Bom dia&#44; Doutor Google"
      ]
    ]
    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Internet&#58; born at the end of the 20<span class="elsevierStyleSup">th</span> century</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Thomas S&#46; Kuhn perfectly describes the manner in which scientific knowledge is developed&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> Knowledge is not based on accumulation or on effort&#46; It is not entirely reliant on one person or spawned on one specific day&#46; Scientific revolutions occur by a process which involves the intervention of various people&#44; facts and events which&#44; if analyzed in isolation&#44; might appear arbitrary or even insignificant&#46; Attempting to identify the exact date when the paradigm shift occurs is futile&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In this attempt to observe the paradigm shift which occurred in relation to the internet&#44; it is necessary to start the discussion by referring back to the workings of the Advanced Research Projects Agency Network &#40;ARPANET&#41; at the beginning of the 1960<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>s&#44; during the darkest days of the Cold War&#46; It was based on the transmission of packets of information &#40;Packet switching&#41; via a closed network of independent nodes&#44; without a central hub&#44; so that the information flowing through the network was less vulnerable to the destruction of one node&#46; In 1989&#44; nearly 30 years after ARPANET&#44; Tim Berners-Lee &#40;1955&#41; developed the World Wide Web&#44; an application which permitted the sharing of files over the internet&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> The most important element of Berners-Lee&#39;s contribution was that it allowed the free use of this design&#46; But many could argue that this intervention did not necessarily signal the birth of the internet&#46; It is true that without www&#44; the formation of the internet would have been more difficult&#44; but still&#44; we cannot describe Berners-Lee&#39;s network in the same terms with which we define the internet today&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In order to understand the internet &#40;the 21<span class="elsevierStyleSup">st</span> century internet&#41; we have to digress and consider the interaction of two relevant developments which&#44; initially&#44; followed a parallel course&#58; digitalization and networking&#46; Connection &#40;networking&#41; is possible without digitalization &#40;the telephone existed before the digital age&#44; for example&#41;&#46; But the great power of the internet resides precisely in this combination of digitalization and networking&#46; Digitalization&#44; which is defined as the conversion of information &#40;sound&#44; image or text&#41; into a binary code&#44; is what led to the explosive growth of the net&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">But above all&#44; digitalization allows the inversion of roles&#44; especially with regards to who is considered the &#8220;producer&#8221; and who is the &#8220;consumer&#8221;&#46; Don Tapscott coined the term &#8220;prosumer&#8221;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> in order to help resolve this issue&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">From web 1&#46;0 to web 2&#46;0</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In this historic journey&#44; some people have remained at the first station&#58; consulting web pages&#46; In the early stages of the net&#44; web pages were &#8220;visited&#8221; and searches were very limited &#40;exact sentences&#44; grouping of addresses in thematic blocks&#41;&#44; very precise and had a significant rigidity in the consultations &#40;you could consult what you could see&#41;&#46; The consumer&#39;s role in this first stage can be summed up in one word&#58; &#8220;browse&#8221; and that is what is known as web 1&#46;0&#46; In the last few years the internet has undergone a radical transformation to what is now generically defined as 2&#46;0&#46; Google is the paradigm &#40;allowing the management of information in addition to browsing&#41; and the user is now also the producer of information &#40;in part thanks to digitalization&#41; in a manner in which the traditional division between producer and consumer is more difficult to establish and&#44; finally&#44; through the so-called syndication tools&#44; it is no longer necessary to search for information because it is possible to receive the type of information desired in the format requested&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">From replacement to radical transformation</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Gen&#237;s Roca suggests<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> that this transition from web 1&#46;0 to 2&#46;0 is a process which is systematically repeated as digital tools are diffused the network usage becomes profuse&#46; In the first phase there is replacement&#59; as with the CD replacing the conventional vinyl disc&#44; the changes in format and business model are not significant&#46; However&#44; when we pass on to the mp3 player and the commercialization of music online through specific programs&#44; we are facing a radical transformation&#46; This transformation changes the business model and the way in which we use the technology&#44; rendering all the previous devices obsolete&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Digitalization and networking have been introduced into the health sector but we still find ourselves in the first phase of replacement&#46; Instead of typewriters we have computers&#44; but in many ways we continue to use them like typewriters&#46; We save information &#40;lots of information&#41; but a lot of the time we access it as if it were a metal fling cabinet &#40;the information is stored in files alphabetically or by year&#41;&#46; We are at an early stage in the process of digitalization and network usage and&#44; even though it could take a while&#44; the radical transformation will profoundly alter the way in which health care is organized&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">The impact of the internet on clinical practice</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Conventional clinical practice is based on face to face contact in a &#8220;health care&#8221; environment &#40;the hospital ward&#44; the consult&#44; emergency services&#8230;&#41; organized in a sequential manner &#40;and very often without the necessary coordination between the different care sectors or between the various departments in one center&#41;&#46; These meetings are scattered &#40;without a pre-established plan&#44; more reactive than proactive&#41;&#44; short &#40;in terms of duration&#41; and sporadic &#40;in terms of frequency&#41;&#46; This type of clinical practice is based on very precise coordinates of time and place&#46; The result is time consuming &#40;especially for the patient&#41; and inevitably leads to coordination difficulties &#40;due to the rigid organization of the appointment as well as the non-compatibility of the computer systems<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a>&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The first impact made by the internet on clinical practice is that it radically changes the coordinates of time and place&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> The paradigm of the new care model is based more on contacts than on visits&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a></p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The place is no longer confined to the health care space&#46; There are alternatives to conventional hospitalization&#59; now the patient&#39;s home is identified as an adequate place to receive care&#44; replacing the absolute necessity of admission&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> However&#44; the impact of the internet on clinical practice allows new locations to be proposed which were unthinkable until very recently&#46; In a well-connected society&#44; it is possible to conceive consults in shopping centers<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> or patient follow-ups in day centers in the case of elderly patients who are more or less dependant&#46; But mobile phone technology creates the potential for care spaces which would have been considered pure fantasy until now&#46; The fastest rate of growth in mobile phones is taking place in developing countries&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> Mobile phones are used to communicate&#44; to receive messages&#8230; but a cough analysis via mobile phone allows a doctor to make a differential diagnosis&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> Without entering into too much detail&#44; these examples serve to demonstrate the impact of new technologies&#46; Until recently there was talk of telemedicine as a new paradigm&#44; but the reality has exceeded expectations&#46; Changes in health care location do not presuppose the application of complex methods&#59; on the contrary&#44; they are related to everyday tools such as the mobile phone or the television&#46;</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Internet brings us new possibilities in relation to time&#46; Communication in everyday life is simultaneous &#40;an SMS&#41; or asynchronous &#40;an email&#41;&#44; ubiquitous &#40;the communication can be established from multiple locations&#41; and distributed &#40;is it possible to communicate from one to many or from many to many&#41;&#46; Health care cannot distance itself from this general standard&#46; Thus&#44; the concept of &#8220;programmed visits&#8221; appears very outdated&#46; In fact&#44; the &#8220;programmed&#8221; visit is still the most common form of contact between patients and health professionals&#58; the face-to-face appointment&#46; Care organizations should be designed to allow patients access to the most appropriate team when they need it&#46; This does not condone the promotion of systematic disorder&#46; But the attitude needs to change with regards to the orientation of the system&#46; It needs to be centered around the needs of the patients&#44; ensuring access and continuity of care&#44; involving the patient in decision-making&#44; promoting self-care and coordinating the available care resources&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a></p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The key is to be more proactive and less reactive&#46; A very significant amount of care demand is predictable&#44; especially when it pertains to the care of patients with chronic diseases&#46; There are two elements that must be enhanced in order to make the system more proactive&#58; the first is to recognize the role of diverse health care and non-health care professionals and the second is to implement the systematic use of new technologies&#46; This new relationship framework includes the transfer of tasks from various professions to nurses who&#44; from a more assimilated perspective&#44; play a very important role&#46; But the professionals in the front line are also extremely important&#44; often the ones that are not health professionals at all &#40;such as&#44; for example&#44; the people who answer the phones&#41;&#46; The patients&#8217; general predisposition to new technologies is good and very few reject systems based on electronic appointments or access to their doctor via email&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> Some studies even found that patients are more inclined to utilize new technologies that the actual doctors&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a> The use of the internet in doctor-patient relationships is still not very diffuse in Europe<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a> and organizational aspects &#40;arranging visits or re-fills&#41; are still better developed than the direct consultations with the doctors to address health problems&#46; However&#44; changes are anticipated in the near future given that patient preferences tend towards the diversity of forms of communication with their doctors&#44; including the use of technologies tied in with the internet&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a> The most attractive element for the patient in terms of new technologies is the ability to manage their own time&#46;</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The concept of &#8220;virtual practice&#8221; refers to the combination of tools which facilitate patient communication with their doctor regardless of the geographical location of either party&#46; The meeting point is called the &#8220;patient portal<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a>&#8221;&#44; which allows asynchronous &#40;email&#41; and synchronous &#40;web cam&#41; communication and the remote monitoring of physiological variables&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Google as a Swiss Army knife</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">One of the most profound changes that the web 2&#46;0 tools generate is what is known as knowledge management&#46; At present Google&#44; in clinical practice&#44; is like a multipurpose tool &#40;like a Swiss Army knife&#41;&#58; it is a tool for browsing and consulting&#44; a diagnostic support resource and a working tool&#46; But&#44; above all&#44; Google can provide clues about the changing approach to health care practice&#46;</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Google&#44; the internet and PubMed have brought about a revolution in scientific research&#58; now the future can be consulted from the past &#40;after finding an article it is easy to identify all the references made to it since the date of publication&#41;&#46; Google &#40;and web 2&#46;0 in general&#41; makes it possible to share and collaborate&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> Most biomedical reviews have now been equipped with a multimedia format with automatic feeds &#40;RSS&#41;&#44; podcasts or videos&#46;</p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Google could become a valid tool to support the diagnostic process&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a> Tang et al<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a> analyzed the efficaciousness of Google in the diagnosis of clinical cases in a series which was presented weekly in the New England Journal of Medicine and they observed that the diagnosis was correct in 58&#37; of the analyzed cases where a search engine was used&#46; Google could be a great help in the diagnosis of complex medical problems&#44; especially if they are very rare&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a></p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The advantages of Google compared to PubMed have been widely debated<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21&#44;22</span></a> but the most eclectic perspectives suggest that Google Scholar and PubMed are complimentary resources&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a> Perhaps Google Scholar allows a faster initial approximation about a problem&#44; especially from a multidisciplinary standpoint&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a> and on the other hand PubMed is perhaps more specific&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span></a></p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Google can be a working tool&#44; especially with regards the storage of clinical data&#46; The implementation of an electronic medical record is being slowly established&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26&#8211;28</span></a> but it develops the concept of a personal clinical history in parallel&#46; In the first place you have the simple digitalization of conventional medical records &#40;the health system is still where the data is deposited but it now recognizes the patient as the owner&#41;&#46; Secondly&#44; the patient decides where to store the data &#40;for example&#44; using one of the free tools such as Google health&#41; and who has access to it&#46; This is a significant change&#46; The electronic medical records are what we call an &#8220;adaptation&#8221;&#46; On the other hand&#44; the personal clinical history is a &#8220;radical transformation&#8221;&#46;</p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">When the incidence of an illness is elevated &#40;as in the case of the flu virus&#41;&#44; Google Flu Trends is formidable and can offer information a lot quicker than conventional methods&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29</span></a> even in languages besides English&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30</span></a> This fact demonstrates that the internet can have unexpected uses&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">The role of the patient</span><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Google is useful for patients to diagnose their own complaints<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">31</span></a> and&#44; in some instances&#44; they use it in a quicker and more effective manner than the doctors&#44; especially in cases of minor illnesses&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">32</span></a></p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Google is also used by the patients for consultation purposes and to generate content&#46; The Economist posed the question whether the basic core of &#8220;Health 2&#46;0&#8221; will not be mixed in with the contents generated by patients&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">33</span></a> The blogging world is enormous&#46; A simple search on Google blogs for the term &#8220;COPD&#8221; returns more than 300&#44;000 hits&#46; It is true that Google can present problems&#46; The advantages that Google provides for patients and families to facilitate the diagnosis of minor diseases can be a double-edged sword&#46; In some cases&#44; patients who carry out frequent health-related internet searches can cause themselves anxiety&#44; a side-effect which some people term cyberchondria&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">34&#44;35</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Social networks</span><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Social networks are one of the most spectacular derivatives of the internet&#46; In fact&#44; the social network phenomenon on the internet is without equal&#46; Since the birth of the first recognizable virtual social network in 1997<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">36</span></a> &#40;inaugurated in the same year as Google&#41;&#44; its use has grown exponentially&#46;</p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The data clearly corroborates this&#58; 72&#37; of internet users are active in at least one social network&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">37</span></a> Taking into account the fact that&#44; in only ten years&#44; the number of internet users in the world has increased nearly sixfold&#44; going from 361 million in the year 2000 to 1&#46;967 billion in 2010&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">38</span></a> that figure is hardly negligible&#46;</p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">There are all types of social networks but the majority of them share common characteristics&#58;<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0005"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0005"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">&#8226;</span><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Ubiquity&#58; users can connect when they want and where they want</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0010"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">&#8226;</span><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Immediacy&#58; the contents are updated automatically</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0015"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">&#8226;</span><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Privacy&#58; the networks administrators decide on the level of privacy</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0020"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">&#8226;</span><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Collaboration and interaction between peers</p></li></ul></p><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Inevitably&#44; these social networks are having a great impact on the health sector&#46; We find numerous examples of the use of social networks by patients&#44; professionals and institutions both on the more general sites like Facebook&#44; Twitter or Linkedin and on specialized healthcare social networks&#46;</p><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In this way&#44; patient social networks proliferate&#44; virtual spaces where patients with similar conditions get in contact and share health problems and treatments&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">39</span></a> These allow them the opportunity to share experiences and to search&#44; receive and provide information&#44; advice and even emotional support online&#46; Patientslikeme<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0200"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">40</span></a> is the paradigm of these networks&#46; Established in 1998 as an initiative of the brother of a patient with ALS&#44; the idea was to encourage the exchange of experiences and knowledge between patients with ALS and share the data with the scientific community in order to accelerate research into the disease&#46;</p><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">On the other hand&#44; health professionals are also becoming increasing inclined to organize themselves around specialized social networks&#46; This allows them to maintain contact with other professionals&#44; consult cases and observations&#44; ask for opinions&#44; debate issues or solicit expert medical advice from the appropriate sources&#46; In the United States&#44; Sermo<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">41</span></a> is the largest online community of doctors&#44; with more than 110&#44;000 doctors registered form 68 specialist fields&#46; Esanum<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">42</span></a> is&#44; among others&#44; the equivalent in Europe&#46;</p><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In conclusion&#44; social networks offer wide-ranging possibilities in the field of health care&#46; The most significant change that the potential of virtualization and web 2&#46;0 introduces is the shift from centralized networks to distributed networks&#46; In the distributed networks there are no central nodes&#46; There nodes which are more connected than others but that situation could change with time&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">43</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Changes in the working methods</span><p id="par0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Despite all the literature dedicated to the impact Google has had on health&#44; perhaps the most important aspect is the change in the way in which problems are tackled&#46; Google&#39;s search engine sorts responses based on data not on opinions &#40;being able to define precisely how many times a page has been consulted is very different from saying which ones we think are visited a lot&#41;&#46; In addition&#44; Google learns from the information so that the data obtained provokes changes in the nest response&#46; Also&#44; Google is easy to use and results are available immediately&#46;</p><p id="par0170" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Using the perspective of the &#8220;wisdom of the crowds&#8221;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">44</span></a> Google&#39;s value system is based on who is visiting websites not the source of the information&#46; The most valuable pages are the most visited ones&#46; It is true that the Google thought structure is fragmented &#40;in part owing to the intrinsic characteristics of the hyperlink&#41;&#44; and the overload of information does run the risk of jeopardizing the coherence&#46; But&#44; perhaps&#44; as Carr suggests&#44; Google is the first step towards artificial intelligence&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">45</span></a></p><p id="par0175" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Jeff Jarvis&#44; in a fascinating book called &#8220;And Google&#44; how would you do it&#63;&#8221;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">46</span></a> gives some clues as to the basic workings of Google&#58; how links work on the network&#44; reducing intermediaries and attention to detail &#40;respect for which is small&#41;&#46; The key words for the Google model are&#58; listen&#44; innovation&#44; transparency&#44; speed&#44; little control and accessible and simple information&#46; In short&#44; the Google strategy is based on trust&#46; Google takes notice of the users&#58; basing responses on data &#40;not opinions&#41; and using the information to develop the next response &#40;learning from the information&#41;&#46; Google is easy to use and immediate&#46;</p><p id="par0180" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Some critics attest&#44; correctly&#44; that &#8220;the best is not necessarily the most visited&#8221;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0235"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">47</span></a> That is to say&#44; the criterion of frequency is not a guarantee of wisdom or knowledge&#46; But&#44; despite these limitations&#44; it would be an interesting exercise to try to imagine a health organization that was built on a similar system of attending to patients needs&#46;</p><p id="par0185" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As the title of this article suggests&#44; Google&#39;s day has just begun &#40;in fact&#44; digitalization and the internet have not yet passed first grade&#41;&#46; It is understandable that some people show glimpses of skepticism&#46; But the future is headed in one direction and to avoid being swept along with that would be impossible &#40;and lethal&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conflict of interests</span><p id="par0195" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Authors declare that they don&#8217;t have any conflict of interests&#46;</p></span></span>"
    "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [
      "secciones" => array:10 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0005"
          "titulo" => "Internet&#58; born at the end of the 20 century"
        ]
        1 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0010"
          "titulo" => "From web 1&#46;0 to web 2&#46;0"
        ]
        2 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0015"
          "titulo" => "From replacement to radical transformation"
        ]
        3 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0020"
          "titulo" => "The impact of the internet on clinical practice"
        ]
        4 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0025"
          "titulo" => "Google as a Swiss Army knife"
        ]
        5 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0030"
          "titulo" => "The role of the patient"
        ]
        6 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0035"
          "titulo" => "Social networks"
        ]
        7 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0040"
          "titulo" => "Changes in the working methods"
        ]
        8 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0045"
          "titulo" => "Conflict of interests"
        ]
        9 => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "References"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf"
    "tienePdf" => true
    "fechaRecibido" => "2011-03-18"
    "fechaAceptado" => "2011-03-24"
    "bibliografia" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "References"
      "seccion" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "bibs0005"
          "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:47 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0005"
              "etiqueta" => "1"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "La estructura de las revoluciones cient&#237;ficas"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "Thomas S&#46; Kuhn"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Libro" => array:3 [
                        "fecha" => "1975"
                        "editorial" => "Fondo de Cultura Econ&#243;mica"
                        "editorialLocalizacion" => "M&#233;xico"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0010"
              "etiqueta" => "2"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:1 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Berners-Lee Tim&#46; Information Management&#58; A Proposal&#46; CERN&#46; March 1989&#44; May 1990&#46; Available from&#58; <a href="http://www.w3.org/History/1989/proposal.rtf">http&#58;&#47;&#47;www&#46;w3&#46;org&#47;History&#47;1989&#47;proposal&#46;rtf</a>&#46;"
                ]
              ]
            ]
            2 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0015"
              "etiqueta" => "3"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Wikinomics"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "D&#46; Tapscott"
                            1 => "D&#46; Williams"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Libro" => array:3 [
                        "fecha" => "2006"
                        "editorial" => "Atlantic Books"
                        "editorialLocalizacion" => "London"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            3 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0020"
              "etiqueta" => "4"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:1 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Congreso de los Diputados&#46; Comisi&#243;n de Industria&#44; Turismo y Comercio&#46; Comparecencia para informar sobre redes de alta velocidad&#46; 29 de septiembre de 2010&#46; Available from&#58; <a href="http://www.congreso.es/public_oficiales/L9/CONG/DS/CO/CO_607.PDF">http&#58;&#47;&#47;www&#46;congreso&#46;es&#47;public&#95;oficiales&#47;L9&#47;CONG&#47;DS&#47;CO&#47;CO&#95;607&#46;PDF</a>&#46;"
                ]
              ]
            ]
            4 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0025"
              "etiqueta" => "5"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Coordinating care-a perilous journey through the health care system"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "T&#46; Bodenheimer"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Engl J Med"
                        "fecha" => "2008"
                        "volumen" => "358"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1064"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1071"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            5 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0030"
              "etiqueta" => "6"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "How Web 2&#46;0 is changing medicine"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "D&#46; Giustini"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1136/bmj.39062.555405.80"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "BMJ"
                        "fecha" => "2006"
                        "volumen" => "333"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1283"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1284"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17185707"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            6 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0035"
              "etiqueta" => "7"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Primary care needs a new model of office practice"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "J&#46;E&#46; Scherger"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "BMJ"
                        "fecha" => "2005"
                        "volumen" => "330"
                        "paginaInicial" => "358"
                        "paginaFinal" => "359"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            7 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0040"
              "etiqueta" => "8"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Home hospitalisation of exacerbated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:3 [
                          "colaboracion" => "CHRONIC project"
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "C&#46; Hernandez"
                            1 => "A&#46; Casas"
                            2 => "J&#46; Escarrabill"
                            3 => "J&#46; Alonso"
                            4 => "J&#46; Puig-Junoy"
                            5 => "E&#46; Farrero"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Eur Respir J"
                        "fecha" => "2003"
                        "volumen" => "21"
                        "paginaInicial" => "58"
                        "paginaFinal" => "67"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12570110"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            8 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0045"
              "etiqueta" => "9"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:1 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "G&#243;mez&#44; Manuel V&#46; Salir de m&#233;dicos&#46; El Pa&#237;s&#46; 28&#47;10&#47;08&#46; Available from&#58; <a href="http://www.elpais.com/articulo/carreras/capital/humano/Salir/medicos/elpepueconeg/20081005elpnegser_7/Tes">http&#58;&#47;&#47;www&#46;elpais&#46;com&#47;articulo&#47;carreras&#47;capital&#47;humano&#47;Salir&#47;medicos&#47;elpepueconeg&#47;20081005elpnegser&#95;7&#47;Tes</a>&#46;"
                ]
              ]
            ]
            9 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0050"
              "etiqueta" => "10"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:1 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Mobile marvels&#46; The economist&#46; 24 de septiembre de 2009&#46; Available from&#58; <a href="http://www.economist.com/node/14483896">http&#58;&#47;&#47;www&#46;economist&#46;com&#47;node&#47;14483896</a>&#46;"
                ]
              ]
            ]
            10 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0055"
              "etiqueta" => "11"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:1 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Chivers T&#46; Cough into your mobile phone for instant diagnosis&#46; The Telegraph&#46; 9&#47;11&#47;09&#46; Available from&#58; <a href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/health/healthnews/6530704/Cough-into-your-mobile-phone-for-instant-diagnosis.html">http&#58;&#47;&#47;www&#46;telegraph&#46;co&#46;uk&#47;health&#47;healthnews&#47;6530704&#47;Cough-into-your-mobile-phone-for-instant-diagnosis&#46;html</a>&#46;"
                ]
              ]
            ]
            11 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0060"
              "etiqueta" => "12"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "A systems approach to patient-centered care"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "S&#46;C&#46; Bergeson"
                            1 => "J&#46;D&#46; Dean"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1001/jama.296.23.2848"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "JAMA"
                        "fecha" => "2006"
                        "volumen" => "296"
                        "paginaInicial" => "2848"
                        "paginaFinal" => "2851"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17179462"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            12 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0065"
              "etiqueta" => "13"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Communication between physicians and patients in the era of E-medicine"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "J&#46;H&#46; Stone"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1056/NEJMp068198"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "N Engl J Med"
                        "fecha" => "2007"
                        "volumen" => "356"
                        "paginaInicial" => "2451"
                        "paginaFinal" => "2454"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17568026"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            13 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0070"
              "etiqueta" => "14"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Crossing the digital divide&#58; evaluating online communication between patients and their providers"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "S&#46;J&#46; Katz"
                            1 => "N&#46; Nissan"
                            2 => "C&#46;A&#46; Moyer"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Am J Manag Care"
                        "fecha" => "2004"
                        "volumen" => "10"
                        "paginaInicial" => "593"
                        "paginaFinal" => "598"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15515991"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            14 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0075"
              "etiqueta" => "15"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Online communication between doctors and patients in Europe&#58; status and perspectives"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:7 [
                            0 => "S&#46; Santana"
                            1 => "B&#46; Lausen"
                            2 => "M&#46; Bujnowska-Fedak"
                            3 => "C&#46; Chronaki"
                            4 => "P&#46;E&#46; Kummervold"
                            5 => "J&#46; Rasmussen"
                            6 => "T&#46; Sorensen"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.2196/jmir.1281"
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Med Internet Res"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "12"
                        "paginaInicial" => "e20"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20551011"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            15 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0080"
              "etiqueta" => "16"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:1 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Consumers Would Embrace Email Communication With Their Doctor&#46; 29&#47;10&#47;09&#46; Available from&#58; <a href="http://www.lightspeedresearch.com/press-releases/consumers-would-embrace-email-communication-with-their-doctor/">http&#58;&#47;&#47;www&#46;lightspeedresearch&#46;com&#47;press-releases&#47;consumers-would-embrace-email-communication-with-their-doctor&#47;</a> &#40;last access 10&#47;01&#47;11&#41;&#46;"
                ]
              ]
            ]
            16 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0085"
              "etiqueta" => "17"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:1 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Dixon&#44; RF&#44; Perrotti&#44; R&#46; The virtual practice&#46; Tomorrow&#39;s medicine&#44; today&#46; Available from&#58; <a href="http://www2.massgeneral.org/beaconhill/The%2520Virtual%2520Practice_9-08.pdf">http&#58;&#47;&#47;www2&#46;massgeneral&#46;org&#47;beaconhill&#47;The&#37;20Virtual&#37;20Practice&#95;9-08&#46;pdf</a>&#46;"
                ]
              ]
            ]
            17 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0090"
              "etiqueta" => "18"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Diagnosis using search engines"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "M&#46; Gardner"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1136/bmj.39044.369745.BE"
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "BMJ"
                        "fecha" => "2006"
                        "volumen" => "333"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1131"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17138971"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            18 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0095"
              "etiqueta" => "19"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Googling for a diagnosis--use of Google as a diagnostic aid&#58; internet based study"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "H&#46; Tang"
                            1 => "J&#46;H&#46; Ng"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1136/bmj.39003.640567.AE"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "BMJ"
                        "fecha" => "2006"
                        "volumen" => "333"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1143"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1145"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17098763"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            19 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0100"
              "etiqueta" => "20"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:1 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Greenwald R&#8230;And a diagnostic test was performed&#46; N Engl J Med 2005&#59;353&#58;2089-2090&#46;"
                ]
              ]
            ]
            20 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0105"
              "etiqueta" => "21"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Comparison of PubMed and Google Scholar literature searches"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "M&#46;E&#46; Anders"
                            1 => "D&#46;P&#46; Evans"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Respir Care"
                        "fecha" => "2010 May"
                        "volumen" => "55"
                        "paginaInicial" => "578"
                        "paginaFinal" => "583"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20420728"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            21 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0110"
              "etiqueta" => "22"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:1 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "<a href="http://neurodojo.blogspot.com/">http&#58;&#47;&#47;neurodojo&#46;blogspot&#46;com</a>&#46;"
                ]
              ]
            ]
            22 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0115"
              "etiqueta" => "23"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Literature search on risk factors for sarcoma&#58; PubMed and Google Scholar may be complementary sources"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "G&#46; Mastrangelo"
                            1 => "E&#46; Fadda"
                            2 => "C&#46;R&#46; Rossi"
                            3 => "E&#46; Zamprogno"
                            4 => "A&#46; Buja"
                            5 => "L&#46; Cegolon"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1186/1756-0500-3-131"
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "BMC Res Notes"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "3"
                        "paginaInicial" => "131"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20459746"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            23 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0120"
              "etiqueta" => "24"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:1 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "HealthLinks&#46; University of Washington&#46; Available from&#58; <a href="http://healthlinks.washington.edu/howto/googlechart.html">http&#58;&#47;&#47;healthlinks&#46;washington&#46;edu&#47;howto&#47;googlechart&#46;html</a>&#46;"
                ]
              ]
            ]
            24 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0125"
              "etiqueta" => "25"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Google Scholar versus PubMed in locating primary literature to answer drug-related questions"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "M&#46;K&#46; Freeman"
                            1 => "S&#46;A&#46; Lauderdale"
                            2 => "M&#46;G&#46; Kendrach"
                            3 => "T&#46;W&#46; Woolley"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1345/aph.1L223"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Ann Pharmacother"
                        "fecha" => "2009"
                        "volumen" => "43"
                        "paginaInicial" => "478"
                        "paginaFinal" => "484"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19261965"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            25 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0130"
              "etiqueta" => "26"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Use of electronic health records in U&#46;S&#46; hospitals"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:9 [
                            0 => "A&#46;K&#46; Jha"
                            1 => "C&#46;M&#46; DesRoches"
                            2 => "E&#46;G&#46; Campbell"
                            3 => "K&#46; Donelan"
                            4 => "S&#46;R&#46; Rao"
                            5 => "T&#46;G&#46; Ferris"
                            6 => "A&#46; Shields"
                            7 => "S&#46; Rosenbaum"
                            8 => "D&#46; Blumenthal"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1056/NEJMsa0900592"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "N Engl J Med"
                        "fecha" => "2009"
                        "volumen" => "360"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1628"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1638"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19321858"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            26 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0135"
              "etiqueta" => "27"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Acceptability of a personally controlled health record in a community-based setting&#58; implications for policy and design"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "E&#46;R&#46; Weitzman"
                            1 => "L&#46; Kaci"
                            2 => "K&#46;D&#46; Mandl"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.2196/jmir.1187"
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Med Internet Res"
                        "fecha" => "2009"
                        "volumen" => "11"
                        "paginaInicial" => "e14"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19403467"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            27 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0140"
              "etiqueta" => "28"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Tectonic shifts in the health information economy"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "K&#46;D&#46; Mandl"
                            1 => "I&#46;S&#46; Kohane"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1056/NEJMsb0800220"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "N Engl J Med"
                        "fecha" => "2008"
                        "volumen" => "358"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1732"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1737"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18420506"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            28 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0145"
              "etiqueta" => "29"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Monitoring influenza activity in Europe with Google Flu Trends&#58; comparison with the findings of sentinel physician networks - results for 2009-10"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "A&#46; Valdivia"
                            1 => "J&#46; Lopez-Alcalde"
                            2 => "M&#46; Vicente"
                            3 => "M&#46; Pichiule"
                            4 => "M&#46; Ruiz"
                            5 => "M&#46; Ordobas"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:3 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Euro Surveill"
                        "fecha" => "2010 Jul 22"
                        "volumen" => "15"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            29 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0150"
              "etiqueta" => "30"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:1 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Valdivia A&#44; Monge-Corella S&#46; Diseases tracked by using Google trends&#44; Spain &#91;letter&#93;&#46; Emerg Infect Dis &#91;serial on the Internet&#93; 2010 Jan &#91;date cited&#93;&#46; Available from&#58; <a href="http://www.cdc.gov/EID/content/16/1/168.htm">http&#58;&#47;&#47;www&#46;cdc&#46;gov&#47;EID&#47;content&#47;16&#47;1&#47;168&#46;htm</a>&#46;"
                ]
              ]
            ]
            30 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0155"
              "etiqueta" => "31"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Patients using the Internet to obtain health information&#58; how this affects the patient&#8211;health professional relationship"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "M&#46; McMullan"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.pec.2005.10.006"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Patient Educ Couns"
                        "fecha" => "2006"
                        "volumen" => "63"
                        "paginaInicial" => "24"
                        "paginaFinal" => "28"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16406474"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            31 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0160"
              "etiqueta" => "32"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "&#8216;Doctor Google&#8217; ending the diagnostic odyssey in lysosomal storage disorders&#58; parents using internet search engines as an efficient diagnostic strategy in rare diseases"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "M&#46;G&#46; Bouwman"
                            1 => "Q&#46;G&#46;A&#46; Teunissen"
                            2 => "F&#46;A&#46; Wijburg"
                            3 => "G&#46;E&#46; Linthorst"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1136/adc.2009.171827"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Arch Dis Child"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "95"
                        "paginaInicial" => "642"
                        "paginaFinal" => "644"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20418338"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            32 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0165"
              "etiqueta" => "33"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:1 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Health 2&#46;0&#46; The Economist&#46; 6&#47;09&#47;07&#46;"
                ]
              ]
            ]
            33 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0170"
              "etiqueta" => "34"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:1 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "White&#44; RW&#44; Horvitz&#44; E&#46; Cyberchondria&#58; Studies of the Escalation of Medical Concerns in Web Search&#46; Microsoft Research&#46; 2008&#46; Available from&#58; <a href="http://research.microsoft.com/apps/pubs/default.aspx%3Fid=76529">http&#58;&#47;&#47;research&#46;microsoft&#46;com&#47;apps&#47;pubs&#47;default&#46;aspx&#63;id&#61;76529</a>&#46;"
                ]
              ]
            ]
            34 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0175"
              "etiqueta" => "35"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "&#8216;Doctor Google&#8217; ending the diagnostic odyssey in lysosomal storage disorders&#58; parents using internet search engines as an efficient diagnostic strategy in rare diseases"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "M&#46;G&#46; Bouwman"
                            1 => "Q&#46;G&#46; Teunissen"
                            2 => "F&#46;A&#46; Wijburg"
                            3 => "G&#46;E&#46; Linthorst"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1136/adc.2009.171827"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Arch Dis Child"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "95"
                        "paginaInicial" => "642"
                        "paginaFinal" => "644"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20418338"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            35 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0180"
              "etiqueta" => "36"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Social network sites&#58; Definition&#44; history&#44; and scholarship"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "D&#46;M&#46; Boyd"
                            1 => "N&#46;B&#46; Ellison"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:4 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication"
                        "fecha" => "2007"
                        "volumen" => "13"
                        "paginaInicial" => "article 11"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            36 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0185"
              "etiqueta" => "37"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:1 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Insites Consulting&#46; Available from&#58; <a href="http://blog.insites.be/%3Fp=1704">http&#58;&#47;&#47;blog&#46;insites&#46;be&#47;&#63;p&#61;1704</a>&#46;"
                ]
              ]
            ]
            37 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0190"
              "etiqueta" => "38"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:1 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Royal Pingdom&#46;Available from&#58; <a href="http://royal.pingdom.com/2010/10/22/incredible-growth-of-the-internet-since-2000/">http&#58;&#47;&#47;royal&#46;pingdom&#46;com&#47;2010&#47;10&#47;22&#47;incredible-growth-of-the-internet-since-2000&#47;</a>&#46;"
                ]
              ]
            ]
            38 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0195"
              "etiqueta" => "39"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:1 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Torrente E&#44; Escarrabill J&#44; Mart&#237;&#44; T &#40;2010&#41; &#8220;Impacto de las redes sociales de pacientes en la pr&#225;ctica asistencial&#44;&#8221; Revista de Innovaci&#243;n Sanitaria y Atenci&#243;n Integrada&#58; Vol&#46; 2&#58; Iss&#46; 1&#44; Article 1&#46; Available from&#58; <a href="http://pub.bsalut.net/risai/vol2/iss1/1">http&#58;&#47;&#47;pub&#46;bsalut&#46;net&#47;risai&#47;vol2&#47;iss1&#47;1</a>&#46;"
                ]
              ]
            ]
            39 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0200"
              "etiqueta" => "40"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:1 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Patients Like Me&#46; Available from&#58; <a href="http://www.patientslikeme.com/">http&#58;&#47;&#47;www&#46;patientslikeme&#46;com</a>&#46;"
                ]
              ]
            ]
            40 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0205"
              "etiqueta" => "41"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:1 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Bray&#44; David A&#46;&#44; Croxson&#44; Karen&#44; Dutton&#44; William H&#46; and Konsynski&#44; Benn&#44; Sermo&#58; A Community-Based&#44; Knowledge Ecosystem&#46; Oll Distributed Problem-Solving Networks Conference&#44; February 2008&#59; Oll Distributed Problem-Solving Networks Conference&#44; February 2008&#46; Available at SSRN&#58; <a href="http://ssrn.com/abstract=1016483">http&#58;&#47;&#47;ssrn&#46;com&#47;abstract&#61;1016483</a>&#46;"
                ]
              ]
            ]
            41 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0210"
              "etiqueta" => "42"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:1 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Esanum&#46; Available from&#58; <a href="http://www.esanum.es/">http&#58;&#47;&#47;www&#46;esanum&#46;es&#47;</a>&#46;"
                ]
              ]
            ]
            42 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0215"
              "etiqueta" => "43"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Fil&#233;s&#58; democracia econ&#243;mica en el siglo de las redes"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "D&#46; De Ugarte"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Libro" => array:3 [
                        "fecha" => "2009"
                        "editorial" => "Ediciones El Cobre"
                        "editorialLocalizacion" => "Barcelona"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            43 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0220"
              "etiqueta" => "44"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Cien mejor que uno"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "James Surowiecki"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Libro" => array:3 [
                        "fecha" => "2005"
                        "editorial" => "Ediciones Urano SA"
                        "editorialLocalizacion" => "Barcelona"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            44 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0225"
              "etiqueta" => "45"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The Shallows&#46; What the Internet is doing to our brains"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "Nicholas Carr"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Libro" => array:3 [
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "editorial" => "WW Nortin &#38; Company"
                        "editorialLocalizacion" => "New York"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            45 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0230"
              "etiqueta" => "46"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:1 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Jarvis J&#46; Y Google&#44; &#191;c&#243;mo lo har&#237;a&#63; Barcelona&#46; Gesti&#243;n 2000 &#40;Grupo Planeta&#41;&#46; 2010&#46;"
                ]
              ]
            ]
            46 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0235"
              "etiqueta" => "47"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Googl&#233;ame"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "B&#46; Cassin"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Libro" => array:3 [
                        "fecha" => "2008"
                        "editorial" => "Fondo de Cultura Econ&#243;moca"
                        "editorialLocalizacion" => "Buenos Aires"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
  ]
  "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
  "url" => "/08732159/0000001700000004/v2_201509041537/S0873215911000341/v2_201509041537/en/main.assets"
  "Apartado" => array:4 [
    "identificador" => "9579"
    "tipo" => "SECCION"
    "pt" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "Artigo especial"
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "pt"
  ]
  "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/08732159/0000001700000004/v2_201509041537/S0873215911000341/v2_201509041537/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004E&text.app=https://journalpulmonology.org/"
  "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0873215911000341?idApp=UINPBA00004E"
]
Share
Journal Information

Statistics

Follow this link to access the full text of the article

Special article
Good morning, Doctor Google
Bom dia, Doutor Google
J. Escarrabilla,
Corresponding author
jescarrabill@gencat.cat

Corresponding author.
, T. Martíb, E. Torrentec
a Dirección del Plan Director de las Enfermedades del Aparato Respiratorio PDMAR (Departament de Salut), Área de Innovación, Institut d’Estudis de la Salut, (Departament de Salut), Barcelona, Spain
b Indesinenter, Barcelona, Spain
c Área de Innovación, Institut d’Estudis de la Salut, Departament de Salut, Barcelona, Spain
Read
12869
Times
was read the article
2716
Total PDF
10153
Total HTML
Share statistics
 array:24 [
  "pii" => "S0873215911000341"
  "issn" => "08732159"
  "doi" => "10.1016/j.rppneu.2011.03.011"
  "estado" => "S300"
  "fechaPublicacion" => "2011-07-01"
  "aid" => "19"
  "copyright" => "Sociedade Portuguesa de Pneumologia"
  "copyrightAnyo" => "2011"
  "documento" => "article"
  "crossmark" => 0
  "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/"
  "subdocumento" => "fla"
  "cita" => "Rev Port Pneumol. 2011;17:177-81"
  "abierto" => array:3 [
    "ES" => true
    "ES2" => true
    "LATM" => true
  ]
  "gratuito" => true
  "lecturas" => array:2 [
    "total" => 8916
    "formatos" => array:3 [
      "EPUB" => 240
      "HTML" => 7629
      "PDF" => 1047
    ]
  ]
  "itemSiguiente" => array:20 [
    "pii" => "S0873215911000043"
    "issn" => "08732159"
    "doi" => "10.1016/j.rppneu.2011.01.003"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2011-07-01"
    "aid" => "3"
    "copyright" => "Sociedade Portuguesa de Pneumologia"
    "documento" => "article"
    "crossmark" => 0
    "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/"
    "subdocumento" => "sco"
    "cita" => "Rev Port Pneumol. 2011;17:182-5"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => true
      "ES2" => true
      "LATM" => true
    ]
    "gratuito" => true
    "lecturas" => array:2 [
      "total" => 12088
      "formatos" => array:3 [
        "EPUB" => 242
        "HTML" => 10184
        "PDF" => 1662
      ]
    ]
    "pt" => array:13 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Caso cl&#237;nico</span>"
      "titulo" => "Uma doen&#231;a profissional valiosa e aben&#231;oada &#8211; pneumonia organizativa devido a poeira de ouro"
      "tienePdf" => "pt"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => "pt"
      "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
        0 => "pt"
        1 => "en"
      ]
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "182"
          "paginaFinal" => "185"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "en" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "A rich and blessed professional illness - organizing pneumonia due to gold dust"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
        "pt" => true
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
        "pt" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "pt" => true
      ]
      "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
        "original" => 0
        "multimedia" => array:7 [
          "identificador" => "fig0010"
          "etiqueta" => "Figura 2"
          "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
          "mostrarFloat" => true
          "mostrarDisplay" => false
          "figura" => array:1 [
            0 => array:4 [
              "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg"
              "Alto" => 927
              "Ancho" => 2284
              "Tamanyo" => 403402
            ]
          ]
          "descripcion" => array:1 [
            "pt" => "<p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Anatomo-patologia &#40;A - H &#38; E&#44; B - citoqueratina&#41;&#58; altera&#231;&#245;es difusas do par&#234;nquima pulmonar&#59; alargamento marcado dos septos alveolares&#44; edema e focos de infiltrado linfoc&#237;tico leve a moderado&#44; com raros neutr&#243;filos e alguns eosin&#243;filos&#46; Prolifera&#231;&#227;o intra-alveolar frequente de miofibroblastos com pequenos n&#243;dulos presentes&#46; Estes s&#227;o parcialmente revestidos por pneum&#243;citos altamente reactivos&#46; N&#227;o s&#227;o identificados granulomas&#44; trombos vasculares ou prolifera&#231;&#227;o neopl&#225;sica&#46; Estes aspectos s&#227;o indicativos de um processo de pneumonia intersticial organizativa e exsudativa&#46;</p>"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "P&#46;A&#46; Ribeiro, F&#46; Gir&#227;o, P&#46; Henriques"
          "autores" => array:3 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "P&#46;A&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Ribeiro"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "F&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Gir&#227;o"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "P&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Henriques"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "pt"
    "Traduccion" => array:1 [
      "en" => array:9 [
        "pii" => "S2173511511000042"
        "doi" => "10.1016/j.rppnen.2011.01.003"
        "estado" => "S300"
        "subdocumento" => ""
        "abierto" => array:3 [
          "ES" => true
          "ES2" => true
          "LATM" => true
        ]
        "gratuito" => true
        "lecturas" => array:1 [
          "total" => 0
        ]
        "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
        "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173511511000042?idApp=UINPBA00004E"
      ]
    ]
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0873215911000043?idApp=UINPBA00004E"
    "url" => "/08732159/0000001700000004/v2_201509041537/S0873215911000043/v2_201509041537/pt/main.assets"
  ]
  "itemAnterior" => array:20 [
    "pii" => "S0873215911000055"
    "issn" => "08732159"
    "doi" => "10.1016/j.rppneu.2010.12.001"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2011-07-01"
    "aid" => "4"
    "copyright" => "Sociedade Portuguesa de Pneumologia"
    "documento" => "article"
    "crossmark" => 0
    "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/"
    "subdocumento" => "fla"
    "cita" => "Rev Port Pneumol. 2011;17:172-6"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => true
      "ES2" => true
      "LATM" => true
    ]
    "gratuito" => true
    "lecturas" => array:2 [
      "total" => 8812
      "formatos" => array:3 [
        "EPUB" => 280
        "HTML" => 6916
        "PDF" => 1616
      ]
    ]
    "pt" => array:13 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Artigo original</span>"
      "titulo" => "Efeito imediato e a curto prazo do cigarro sobre o transporte mucociliar nasal de fumadores"
      "tienePdf" => "pt"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => "pt"
      "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
        0 => "pt"
        1 => "en"
      ]
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "172"
          "paginaFinal" => "176"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "en" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "Immediate and short term effects of smoking on nasal mucociliary clearance in smokers"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
        "pt" => true
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
        "pt" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "pt" => true
      ]
      "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
        "original" => 0
        "multimedia" => array:7 [
          "identificador" => "fig0010"
          "etiqueta" => "Figura 2"
          "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
          "mostrarFloat" => true
          "mostrarDisplay" => false
          "figura" => array:1 [
            0 => array:4 [
              "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg"
              "Alto" => 1083
              "Ancho" => 1555
              "Tamanyo" => 46389
            ]
          ]
          "descripcion" => array:1 [
            "pt" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Correla&#231;&#227;o entre Tempo de Tr&#226;nsito da Sacarina &#40;TTS&#41; em fumadores 8 horas ap&#243;s fumar e &#237;ndice de anos&#47;ma&#231;o &#40;r<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;74&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;0003&#41;&#46;</p>"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "M&#46; Proen&#231;a, R&#46; Fagundes Xavier, D&#46; Ramos, V&#46; Cavalheri, F&#46; Pitta, E&#46;M&#46; Cipulo Ramos"
          "autores" => array:6 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "M&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Proen&#231;a"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "R&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Fagundes Xavier"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "D&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Ramos"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "V&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Cavalheri"
            ]
            4 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "F&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Pitta"
            ]
            5 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "E&#46;M&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Cipulo Ramos"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "pt"
    "Traduccion" => array:1 [
      "en" => array:9 [
        "pii" => "S2173511511000054"
        "doi" => "10.1016/j.rppnen.2010.12.001"
        "estado" => "S300"
        "subdocumento" => ""
        "abierto" => array:3 [
          "ES" => true
          "ES2" => true
          "LATM" => true
        ]
        "gratuito" => true
        "lecturas" => array:1 [
          "total" => 0
        ]
        "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
        "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173511511000054?idApp=UINPBA00004E"
      ]
    ]
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0873215911000055?idApp=UINPBA00004E"
    "url" => "/08732159/0000001700000004/v2_201509041537/S0873215911000055/v2_201509041537/pt/main.assets"
  ]
  "en" => array:14 [
    "idiomaDefecto" => true
    "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Special article</span>"
    "titulo" => "Good morning&#44; Doctor Google"
    "tieneTextoCompleto" => true
    "paginas" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "paginaInicial" => "177"
        "paginaFinal" => "181"
      ]
    ]
    "autores" => array:1 [
      0 => array:4 [
        "autoresLista" => "J&#46; Escarrabill, T&#46; Mart&#237;, E&#46; Torrente"
        "autores" => array:3 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "nombre" => "J&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Escarrabill"
            "email" => array:1 [
              0 => "jescarrabill&#64;gencat&#46;cat"
            ]
            "referencia" => array:2 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0005"
              ]
              1 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span>"
                "identificador" => "cor0005"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          1 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "T&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Mart&#237;"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0010"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          2 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "E&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Torrente"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0015"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "afiliaciones" => array:3 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Direcci&#243;n del Plan Director de las Enfermedades del Aparato Respiratorio PDMAR &#40;Departament de Salut&#41;&#44; &#193;rea de Innovaci&#243;n&#44; Institut d&#8217;Estudis de la Salut&#44; &#40;Departament de Salut&#41;&#44; Barcelona&#44; Spain"
            "etiqueta" => "a"
            "identificador" => "aff0005"
          ]
          1 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Indesinenter&#44; Barcelona&#44; Spain"
            "etiqueta" => "b"
            "identificador" => "aff0010"
          ]
          2 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "&#193;rea de Innovaci&#243;n&#44; Institut d&#8217;Estudis de la Salut&#44; Departament de Salut&#44; Barcelona&#44; Spain"
            "etiqueta" => "c"
            "identificador" => "aff0015"
          ]
        ]
        "correspondencia" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "cor0005"
            "etiqueta" => "&#8270;"
            "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author&#46;"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
      "de" => array:1 [
        "titulo" => "Bom dia&#44; Doutor Google"
      ]
    ]
    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Internet&#58; born at the end of the 20<span class="elsevierStyleSup">th</span> century</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Thomas S&#46; Kuhn perfectly describes the manner in which scientific knowledge is developed&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> Knowledge is not based on accumulation or on effort&#46; It is not entirely reliant on one person or spawned on one specific day&#46; Scientific revolutions occur by a process which involves the intervention of various people&#44; facts and events which&#44; if analyzed in isolation&#44; might appear arbitrary or even insignificant&#46; Attempting to identify the exact date when the paradigm shift occurs is futile&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In this attempt to observe the paradigm shift which occurred in relation to the internet&#44; it is necessary to start the discussion by referring back to the workings of the Advanced Research Projects Agency Network &#40;ARPANET&#41; at the beginning of the 1960<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>s&#44; during the darkest days of the Cold War&#46; It was based on the transmission of packets of information &#40;Packet switching&#41; via a closed network of independent nodes&#44; without a central hub&#44; so that the information flowing through the network was less vulnerable to the destruction of one node&#46; In 1989&#44; nearly 30 years after ARPANET&#44; Tim Berners-Lee &#40;1955&#41; developed the World Wide Web&#44; an application which permitted the sharing of files over the internet&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> The most important element of Berners-Lee&#39;s contribution was that it allowed the free use of this design&#46; But many could argue that this intervention did not necessarily signal the birth of the internet&#46; It is true that without www&#44; the formation of the internet would have been more difficult&#44; but still&#44; we cannot describe Berners-Lee&#39;s network in the same terms with which we define the internet today&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In order to understand the internet &#40;the 21<span class="elsevierStyleSup">st</span> century internet&#41; we have to digress and consider the interaction of two relevant developments which&#44; initially&#44; followed a parallel course&#58; digitalization and networking&#46; Connection &#40;networking&#41; is possible without digitalization &#40;the telephone existed before the digital age&#44; for example&#41;&#46; But the great power of the internet resides precisely in this combination of digitalization and networking&#46; Digitalization&#44; which is defined as the conversion of information &#40;sound&#44; image or text&#41; into a binary code&#44; is what led to the explosive growth of the net&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">But above all&#44; digitalization allows the inversion of roles&#44; especially with regards to who is considered the &#8220;producer&#8221; and who is the &#8220;consumer&#8221;&#46; Don Tapscott coined the term &#8220;prosumer&#8221;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> in order to help resolve this issue&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">From web 1&#46;0 to web 2&#46;0</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In this historic journey&#44; some people have remained at the first station&#58; consulting web pages&#46; In the early stages of the net&#44; web pages were &#8220;visited&#8221; and searches were very limited &#40;exact sentences&#44; grouping of addresses in thematic blocks&#41;&#44; very precise and had a significant rigidity in the consultations &#40;you could consult what you could see&#41;&#46; The consumer&#39;s role in this first stage can be summed up in one word&#58; &#8220;browse&#8221; and that is what is known as web 1&#46;0&#46; In the last few years the internet has undergone a radical transformation to what is now generically defined as 2&#46;0&#46; Google is the paradigm &#40;allowing the management of information in addition to browsing&#41; and the user is now also the producer of information &#40;in part thanks to digitalization&#41; in a manner in which the traditional division between producer and consumer is more difficult to establish and&#44; finally&#44; through the so-called syndication tools&#44; it is no longer necessary to search for information because it is possible to receive the type of information desired in the format requested&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">From replacement to radical transformation</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Gen&#237;s Roca suggests<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> that this transition from web 1&#46;0 to 2&#46;0 is a process which is systematically repeated as digital tools are diffused the network usage becomes profuse&#46; In the first phase there is replacement&#59; as with the CD replacing the conventional vinyl disc&#44; the changes in format and business model are not significant&#46; However&#44; when we pass on to the mp3 player and the commercialization of music online through specific programs&#44; we are facing a radical transformation&#46; This transformation changes the business model and the way in which we use the technology&#44; rendering all the previous devices obsolete&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Digitalization and networking have been introduced into the health sector but we still find ourselves in the first phase of replacement&#46; Instead of typewriters we have computers&#44; but in many ways we continue to use them like typewriters&#46; We save information &#40;lots of information&#41; but a lot of the time we access it as if it were a metal fling cabinet &#40;the information is stored in files alphabetically or by year&#41;&#46; We are at an early stage in the process of digitalization and network usage and&#44; even though it could take a while&#44; the radical transformation will profoundly alter the way in which health care is organized&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">The impact of the internet on clinical practice</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Conventional clinical practice is based on face to face contact in a &#8220;health care&#8221; environment &#40;the hospital ward&#44; the consult&#44; emergency services&#8230;&#41; organized in a sequential manner &#40;and very often without the necessary coordination between the different care sectors or between the various departments in one center&#41;&#46; These meetings are scattered &#40;without a pre-established plan&#44; more reactive than proactive&#41;&#44; short &#40;in terms of duration&#41; and sporadic &#40;in terms of frequency&#41;&#46; This type of clinical practice is based on very precise coordinates of time and place&#46; The result is time consuming &#40;especially for the patient&#41; and inevitably leads to coordination difficulties &#40;due to the rigid organization of the appointment as well as the non-compatibility of the computer systems<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a>&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The first impact made by the internet on clinical practice is that it radically changes the coordinates of time and place&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> The paradigm of the new care model is based more on contacts than on visits&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a></p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The place is no longer confined to the health care space&#46; There are alternatives to conventional hospitalization&#59; now the patient&#39;s home is identified as an adequate place to receive care&#44; replacing the absolute necessity of admission&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> However&#44; the impact of the internet on clinical practice allows new locations to be proposed which were unthinkable until very recently&#46; In a well-connected society&#44; it is possible to conceive consults in shopping centers<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> or patient follow-ups in day centers in the case of elderly patients who are more or less dependant&#46; But mobile phone technology creates the potential for care spaces which would have been considered pure fantasy until now&#46; The fastest rate of growth in mobile phones is taking place in developing countries&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> Mobile phones are used to communicate&#44; to receive messages&#8230; but a cough analysis via mobile phone allows a doctor to make a differential diagnosis&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> Without entering into too much detail&#44; these examples serve to demonstrate the impact of new technologies&#46; Until recently there was talk of telemedicine as a new paradigm&#44; but the reality has exceeded expectations&#46; Changes in health care location do not presuppose the application of complex methods&#59; on the contrary&#44; they are related to everyday tools such as the mobile phone or the television&#46;</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Internet brings us new possibilities in relation to time&#46; Communication in everyday life is simultaneous &#40;an SMS&#41; or asynchronous &#40;an email&#41;&#44; ubiquitous &#40;the communication can be established from multiple locations&#41; and distributed &#40;is it possible to communicate from one to many or from many to many&#41;&#46; Health care cannot distance itself from this general standard&#46; Thus&#44; the concept of &#8220;programmed visits&#8221; appears very outdated&#46; In fact&#44; the &#8220;programmed&#8221; visit is still the most common form of contact between patients and health professionals&#58; the face-to-face appointment&#46; Care organizations should be designed to allow patients access to the most appropriate team when they need it&#46; This does not condone the promotion of systematic disorder&#46; But the attitude needs to change with regards to the orientation of the system&#46; It needs to be centered around the needs of the patients&#44; ensuring access and continuity of care&#44; involving the patient in decision-making&#44; promoting self-care and coordinating the available care resources&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a></p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The key is to be more proactive and less reactive&#46; A very significant amount of care demand is predictable&#44; especially when it pertains to the care of patients with chronic diseases&#46; There are two elements that must be enhanced in order to make the system more proactive&#58; the first is to recognize the role of diverse health care and non-health care professionals and the second is to implement the systematic use of new technologies&#46; This new relationship framework includes the transfer of tasks from various professions to nurses who&#44; from a more assimilated perspective&#44; play a very important role&#46; But the professionals in the front line are also extremely important&#44; often the ones that are not health professionals at all &#40;such as&#44; for example&#44; the people who answer the phones&#41;&#46; The patients&#8217; general predisposition to new technologies is good and very few reject systems based on electronic appointments or access to their doctor via email&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> Some studies even found that patients are more inclined to utilize new technologies that the actual doctors&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a> The use of the internet in doctor-patient relationships is still not very diffuse in Europe<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a> and organizational aspects &#40;arranging visits or re-fills&#41; are still better developed than the direct consultations with the doctors to address health problems&#46; However&#44; changes are anticipated in the near future given that patient preferences tend towards the diversity of forms of communication with their doctors&#44; including the use of technologies tied in with the internet&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a> The most attractive element for the patient in terms of new technologies is the ability to manage their own time&#46;</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The concept of &#8220;virtual practice&#8221; refers to the combination of tools which facilitate patient communication with their doctor regardless of the geographical location of either party&#46; The meeting point is called the &#8220;patient portal<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a>&#8221;&#44; which allows asynchronous &#40;email&#41; and synchronous &#40;web cam&#41; communication and the remote monitoring of physiological variables&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Google as a Swiss Army knife</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">One of the most profound changes that the web 2&#46;0 tools generate is what is known as knowledge management&#46; At present Google&#44; in clinical practice&#44; is like a multipurpose tool &#40;like a Swiss Army knife&#41;&#58; it is a tool for browsing and consulting&#44; a diagnostic support resource and a working tool&#46; But&#44; above all&#44; Google can provide clues about the changing approach to health care practice&#46;</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Google&#44; the internet and PubMed have brought about a revolution in scientific research&#58; now the future can be consulted from the past &#40;after finding an article it is easy to identify all the references made to it since the date of publication&#41;&#46; Google &#40;and web 2&#46;0 in general&#41; makes it possible to share and collaborate&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> Most biomedical reviews have now been equipped with a multimedia format with automatic feeds &#40;RSS&#41;&#44; podcasts or videos&#46;</p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Google could become a valid tool to support the diagnostic process&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a> Tang et al<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a> analyzed the efficaciousness of Google in the diagnosis of clinical cases in a series which was presented weekly in the New England Journal of Medicine and they observed that the diagnosis was correct in 58&#37; of the analyzed cases where a search engine was used&#46; Google could be a great help in the diagnosis of complex medical problems&#44; especially if they are very rare&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a></p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The advantages of Google compared to PubMed have been widely debated<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21&#44;22</span></a> but the most eclectic perspectives suggest that Google Scholar and PubMed are complimentary resources&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a> Perhaps Google Scholar allows a faster initial approximation about a problem&#44; especially from a multidisciplinary standpoint&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a> and on the other hand PubMed is perhaps more specific&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span></a></p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Google can be a working tool&#44; especially with regards the storage of clinical data&#46; The implementation of an electronic medical record is being slowly established&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26&#8211;28</span></a> but it develops the concept of a personal clinical history in parallel&#46; In the first place you have the simple digitalization of conventional medical records &#40;the health system is still where the data is deposited but it now recognizes the patient as the owner&#41;&#46; Secondly&#44; the patient decides where to store the data &#40;for example&#44; using one of the free tools such as Google health&#41; and who has access to it&#46; This is a significant change&#46; The electronic medical records are what we call an &#8220;adaptation&#8221;&#46; On the other hand&#44; the personal clinical history is a &#8220;radical transformation&#8221;&#46;</p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">When the incidence of an illness is elevated &#40;as in the case of the flu virus&#41;&#44; Google Flu Trends is formidable and can offer information a lot quicker than conventional methods&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29</span></a> even in languages besides English&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30</span></a> This fact demonstrates that the internet can have unexpected uses&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">The role of the patient</span><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Google is useful for patients to diagnose their own complaints<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">31</span></a> and&#44; in some instances&#44; they use it in a quicker and more effective manner than the doctors&#44; especially in cases of minor illnesses&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">32</span></a></p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Google is also used by the patients for consultation purposes and to generate content&#46; The Economist posed the question whether the basic core of &#8220;Health 2&#46;0&#8221; will not be mixed in with the contents generated by patients&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">33</span></a> The blogging world is enormous&#46; A simple search on Google blogs for the term &#8220;COPD&#8221; returns more than 300&#44;000 hits&#46; It is true that Google can present problems&#46; The advantages that Google provides for patients and families to facilitate the diagnosis of minor diseases can be a double-edged sword&#46; In some cases&#44; patients who carry out frequent health-related internet searches can cause themselves anxiety&#44; a side-effect which some people term cyberchondria&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">34&#44;35</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Social networks</span><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Social networks are one of the most spectacular derivatives of the internet&#46; In fact&#44; the social network phenomenon on the internet is without equal&#46; Since the birth of the first recognizable virtual social network in 1997<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">36</span></a> &#40;inaugurated in the same year as Google&#41;&#44; its use has grown exponentially&#46;</p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The data clearly corroborates this&#58; 72&#37; of internet users are active in at least one social network&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">37</span></a> Taking into account the fact that&#44; in only ten years&#44; the number of internet users in the world has increased nearly sixfold&#44; going from 361 million in the year 2000 to 1&#46;967 billion in 2010&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">38</span></a> that figure is hardly negligible&#46;</p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">There are all types of social networks but the majority of them share common characteristics&#58;<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0005"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0005"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">&#8226;</span><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Ubiquity&#58; users can connect when they want and where they want</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0010"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">&#8226;</span><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Immediacy&#58; the contents are updated automatically</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0015"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">&#8226;</span><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Privacy&#58; the networks administrators decide on the level of privacy</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0020"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">&#8226;</span><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Collaboration and interaction between peers</p></li></ul></p><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Inevitably&#44; these social networks are having a great impact on the health sector&#46; We find numerous examples of the use of social networks by patients&#44; professionals and institutions both on the more general sites like Facebook&#44; Twitter or Linkedin and on specialized healthcare social networks&#46;</p><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In this way&#44; patient social networks proliferate&#44; virtual spaces where patients with similar conditions get in contact and share health problems and treatments&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">39</span></a> These allow them the opportunity to share experiences and to search&#44; receive and provide information&#44; advice and even emotional support online&#46; Patientslikeme<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0200"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">40</span></a> is the paradigm of these networks&#46; Established in 1998 as an initiative of the brother of a patient with ALS&#44; the idea was to encourage the exchange of experiences and knowledge between patients with ALS and share the data with the scientific community in order to accelerate research into the disease&#46;</p><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">On the other hand&#44; health professionals are also becoming increasing inclined to organize themselves around specialized social networks&#46; This allows them to maintain contact with other professionals&#44; consult cases and observations&#44; ask for opinions&#44; debate issues or solicit expert medical advice from the appropriate sources&#46; In the United States&#44; Sermo<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">41</span></a> is the largest online community of doctors&#44; with more than 110&#44;000 doctors registered form 68 specialist fields&#46; Esanum<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">42</span></a> is&#44; among others&#44; the equivalent in Europe&#46;</p><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In conclusion&#44; social networks offer wide-ranging possibilities in the field of health care&#46; The most significant change that the potential of virtualization and web 2&#46;0 introduces is the shift from centralized networks to distributed networks&#46; In the distributed networks there are no central nodes&#46; There nodes which are more connected than others but that situation could change with time&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">43</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Changes in the working methods</span><p id="par0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Despite all the literature dedicated to the impact Google has had on health&#44; perhaps the most important aspect is the change in the way in which problems are tackled&#46; Google&#39;s search engine sorts responses based on data not on opinions &#40;being able to define precisely how many times a page has been consulted is very different from saying which ones we think are visited a lot&#41;&#46; In addition&#44; Google learns from the information so that the data obtained provokes changes in the nest response&#46; Also&#44; Google is easy to use and results are available immediately&#46;</p><p id="par0170" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Using the perspective of the &#8220;wisdom of the crowds&#8221;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">44</span></a> Google&#39;s value system is based on who is visiting websites not the source of the information&#46; The most valuable pages are the most visited ones&#46; It is true that the Google thought structure is fragmented &#40;in part owing to the intrinsic characteristics of the hyperlink&#41;&#44; and the overload of information does run the risk of jeopardizing the coherence&#46; But&#44; perhaps&#44; as Carr suggests&#44; Google is the first step towards artificial intelligence&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">45</span></a></p><p id="par0175" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Jeff Jarvis&#44; in a fascinating book called &#8220;And Google&#44; how would you do it&#63;&#8221;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">46</span></a> gives some clues as to the basic workings of Google&#58; how links work on the network&#44; reducing intermediaries and attention to detail &#40;respect for which is small&#41;&#46; The key words for the Google model are&#58; listen&#44; innovation&#44; transparency&#44; speed&#44; little control and accessible and simple information&#46; In short&#44; the Google strategy is based on trust&#46; Google takes notice of the users&#58; basing responses on data &#40;not opinions&#41; and using the information to develop the next response &#40;learning from the information&#41;&#46; Google is easy to use and immediate&#46;</p><p id="par0180" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Some critics attest&#44; correctly&#44; that &#8220;the best is not necessarily the most visited&#8221;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0235"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">47</span></a> That is to say&#44; the criterion of frequency is not a guarantee of wisdom or knowledge&#46; But&#44; despite these limitations&#44; it would be an interesting exercise to try to imagine a health organization that was built on a similar system of attending to patients needs&#46;</p><p id="par0185" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As the title of this article suggests&#44; Google&#39;s day has just begun &#40;in fact&#44; digitalization and the internet have not yet passed first grade&#41;&#46; It is understandable that some people show glimpses of skepticism&#46; But the future is headed in one direction and to avoid being swept along with that would be impossible &#40;and lethal&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conflict of interests</span><p id="par0195" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Authors declare that they don&#8217;t have any conflict of interests&#46;</p></span></span>"
    "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [
      "secciones" => array:10 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0005"
          "titulo" => "Internet&#58; born at the end of the 20 century"
        ]
        1 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0010"
          "titulo" => "From web 1&#46;0 to web 2&#46;0"
        ]
        2 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0015"
          "titulo" => "From replacement to radical transformation"
        ]
        3 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0020"
          "titulo" => "The impact of the internet on clinical practice"
        ]
        4 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0025"
          "titulo" => "Google as a Swiss Army knife"
        ]
        5 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0030"
          "titulo" => "The role of the patient"
        ]
        6 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0035"
          "titulo" => "Social networks"
        ]
        7 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0040"
          "titulo" => "Changes in the working methods"
        ]
        8 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0045"
          "titulo" => "Conflict of interests"
        ]
        9 => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "References"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf"
    "tienePdf" => true
    "fechaRecibido" => "2011-03-18"
    "fechaAceptado" => "2011-03-24"
    "bibliografia" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "References"
      "seccion" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "bibs0005"
          "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:47 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0005"
              "etiqueta" => "1"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "La estructura de las revoluciones cient&#237;ficas"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "Thomas S&#46; Kuhn"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Libro" => array:3 [
                        "fecha" => "1975"
                        "editorial" => "Fondo de Cultura Econ&#243;mica"
                        "editorialLocalizacion" => "M&#233;xico"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0010"
              "etiqueta" => "2"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:1 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Berners-Lee Tim&#46; Information Management&#58; A Proposal&#46; CERN&#46; March 1989&#44; May 1990&#46; Available from&#58; <a href="http://www.w3.org/History/1989/proposal.rtf">http&#58;&#47;&#47;www&#46;w3&#46;org&#47;History&#47;1989&#47;proposal&#46;rtf</a>&#46;"
                ]
              ]
            ]
            2 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0015"
              "etiqueta" => "3"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Wikinomics"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "D&#46; Tapscott"
                            1 => "D&#46; Williams"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Libro" => array:3 [
                        "fecha" => "2006"
                        "editorial" => "Atlantic Books"
                        "editorialLocalizacion" => "London"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            3 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0020"
              "etiqueta" => "4"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:1 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Congreso de los Diputados&#46; Comisi&#243;n de Industria&#44; Turismo y Comercio&#46; Comparecencia para informar sobre redes de alta velocidad&#46; 29 de septiembre de 2010&#46; Available from&#58; <a href="http://www.congreso.es/public_oficiales/L9/CONG/DS/CO/CO_607.PDF">http&#58;&#47;&#47;www&#46;congreso&#46;es&#47;public&#95;oficiales&#47;L9&#47;CONG&#47;DS&#47;CO&#47;CO&#95;607&#46;PDF</a>&#46;"
                ]
              ]
            ]
            4 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0025"
              "etiqueta" => "5"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Coordinating care-a perilous journey through the health care system"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "T&#46; Bodenheimer"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Engl J Med"
                        "fecha" => "2008"
                        "volumen" => "358"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1064"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1071"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            5 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0030"
              "etiqueta" => "6"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "How Web 2&#46;0 is changing medicine"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "D&#46; Giustini"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1136/bmj.39062.555405.80"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "BMJ"
                        "fecha" => "2006"
                        "volumen" => "333"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1283"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1284"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17185707"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            6 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0035"
              "etiqueta" => "7"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Primary care needs a new model of office practice"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "J&#46;E&#46; Scherger"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "BMJ"
                        "fecha" => "2005"
                        "volumen" => "330"
                        "paginaInicial" => "358"
                        "paginaFinal" => "359"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            7 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0040"
              "etiqueta" => "8"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Home hospitalisation of exacerbated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:3 [
                          "colaboracion" => "CHRONIC project"
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "C&#46; Hernandez"
                            1 => "A&#46; Casas"
                            2 => "J&#46; Escarrabill"
                            3 => "J&#46; Alonso"
                            4 => "J&#46; Puig-Junoy"
                            5 => "E&#46; Farrero"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Eur Respir J"
                        "fecha" => "2003"
                        "volumen" => "21"
                        "paginaInicial" => "58"
                        "paginaFinal" => "67"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12570110"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            8 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0045"
              "etiqueta" => "9"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:1 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "G&#243;mez&#44; Manuel V&#46; Salir de m&#233;dicos&#46; El Pa&#237;s&#46; 28&#47;10&#47;08&#46; Available from&#58; <a href="http://www.elpais.com/articulo/carreras/capital/humano/Salir/medicos/elpepueconeg/20081005elpnegser_7/Tes">http&#58;&#47;&#47;www&#46;elpais&#46;com&#47;articulo&#47;carreras&#47;capital&#47;humano&#47;Salir&#47;medicos&#47;elpepueconeg&#47;20081005elpnegser&#95;7&#47;Tes</a>&#46;"
                ]
              ]
            ]
            9 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0050"
              "etiqueta" => "10"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:1 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Mobile marvels&#46; The economist&#46; 24 de septiembre de 2009&#46; Available from&#58; <a href="http://www.economist.com/node/14483896">http&#58;&#47;&#47;www&#46;economist&#46;com&#47;node&#47;14483896</a>&#46;"
                ]
              ]
            ]
            10 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0055"
              "etiqueta" => "11"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:1 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Chivers T&#46; Cough into your mobile phone for instant diagnosis&#46; The Telegraph&#46; 9&#47;11&#47;09&#46; Available from&#58; <a href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/health/healthnews/6530704/Cough-into-your-mobile-phone-for-instant-diagnosis.html">http&#58;&#47;&#47;www&#46;telegraph&#46;co&#46;uk&#47;health&#47;healthnews&#47;6530704&#47;Cough-into-your-mobile-phone-for-instant-diagnosis&#46;html</a>&#46;"
                ]
              ]
            ]
            11 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0060"
              "etiqueta" => "12"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "A systems approach to patient-centered care"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "S&#46;C&#46; Bergeson"
                            1 => "J&#46;D&#46; Dean"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1001/jama.296.23.2848"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "JAMA"
                        "fecha" => "2006"
                        "volumen" => "296"
                        "paginaInicial" => "2848"
                        "paginaFinal" => "2851"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17179462"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            12 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0065"
              "etiqueta" => "13"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Communication between physicians and patients in the era of E-medicine"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "J&#46;H&#46; Stone"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1056/NEJMp068198"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "N Engl J Med"
                        "fecha" => "2007"
                        "volumen" => "356"
                        "paginaInicial" => "2451"
                        "paginaFinal" => "2454"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17568026"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            13 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0070"
              "etiqueta" => "14"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Crossing the digital divide&#58; evaluating online communication between patients and their providers"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "S&#46;J&#46; Katz"
                            1 => "N&#46; Nissan"
                            2 => "C&#46;A&#46; Moyer"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Am J Manag Care"
                        "fecha" => "2004"
                        "volumen" => "10"
                        "paginaInicial" => "593"
                        "paginaFinal" => "598"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15515991"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            14 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0075"
              "etiqueta" => "15"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Online communication between doctors and patients in Europe&#58; status and perspectives"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:7 [
                            0 => "S&#46; Santana"
                            1 => "B&#46; Lausen"
                            2 => "M&#46; Bujnowska-Fedak"
                            3 => "C&#46; Chronaki"
                            4 => "P&#46;E&#46; Kummervold"
                            5 => "J&#46; Rasmussen"
                            6 => "T&#46; Sorensen"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.2196/jmir.1281"
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Med Internet Res"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "12"
                        "paginaInicial" => "e20"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20551011"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            15 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0080"
              "etiqueta" => "16"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:1 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Consumers Would Embrace Email Communication With Their Doctor&#46; 29&#47;10&#47;09&#46; Available from&#58; <a href="http://www.lightspeedresearch.com/press-releases/consumers-would-embrace-email-communication-with-their-doctor/">http&#58;&#47;&#47;www&#46;lightspeedresearch&#46;com&#47;press-releases&#47;consumers-would-embrace-email-communication-with-their-doctor&#47;</a> &#40;last access 10&#47;01&#47;11&#41;&#46;"
                ]
              ]
            ]
            16 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0085"
              "etiqueta" => "17"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:1 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Dixon&#44; RF&#44; Perrotti&#44; R&#46; The virtual practice&#46; Tomorrow&#39;s medicine&#44; today&#46; Available from&#58; <a href="http://www2.massgeneral.org/beaconhill/The%2520Virtual%2520Practice_9-08.pdf">http&#58;&#47;&#47;www2&#46;massgeneral&#46;org&#47;beaconhill&#47;The&#37;20Virtual&#37;20Practice&#95;9-08&#46;pdf</a>&#46;"
                ]
              ]
            ]
            17 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0090"
              "etiqueta" => "18"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Diagnosis using search engines"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "M&#46; Gardner"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1136/bmj.39044.369745.BE"
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "BMJ"
                        "fecha" => "2006"
                        "volumen" => "333"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1131"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17138971"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            18 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0095"
              "etiqueta" => "19"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Googling for a diagnosis--use of Google as a diagnostic aid&#58; internet based study"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "H&#46; Tang"
                            1 => "J&#46;H&#46; Ng"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1136/bmj.39003.640567.AE"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "BMJ"
                        "fecha" => "2006"
                        "volumen" => "333"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1143"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1145"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17098763"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            19 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0100"
              "etiqueta" => "20"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:1 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Greenwald R&#8230;And a diagnostic test was performed&#46; N Engl J Med 2005&#59;353&#58;2089-2090&#46;"
                ]
              ]
            ]
            20 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0105"
              "etiqueta" => "21"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Comparison of PubMed and Google Scholar literature searches"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "M&#46;E&#46; Anders"
                            1 => "D&#46;P&#46; Evans"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Respir Care"
                        "fecha" => "2010 May"
                        "volumen" => "55"
                        "paginaInicial" => "578"
                        "paginaFinal" => "583"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20420728"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            21 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0110"
              "etiqueta" => "22"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:1 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "<a href="http://neurodojo.blogspot.com/">http&#58;&#47;&#47;neurodojo&#46;blogspot&#46;com</a>&#46;"
                ]
              ]
            ]
            22 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0115"
              "etiqueta" => "23"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Literature search on risk factors for sarcoma&#58; PubMed and Google Scholar may be complementary sources"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "G&#46; Mastrangelo"
                            1 => "E&#46; Fadda"
                            2 => "C&#46;R&#46; Rossi"
                            3 => "E&#46; Zamprogno"
                            4 => "A&#46; Buja"
                            5 => "L&#46; Cegolon"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1186/1756-0500-3-131"
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "BMC Res Notes"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "3"
                        "paginaInicial" => "131"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20459746"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            23 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0120"
              "etiqueta" => "24"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:1 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "HealthLinks&#46; University of Washington&#46; Available from&#58; <a href="http://healthlinks.washington.edu/howto/googlechart.html">http&#58;&#47;&#47;healthlinks&#46;washington&#46;edu&#47;howto&#47;googlechart&#46;html</a>&#46;"
                ]
              ]
            ]
            24 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0125"
              "etiqueta" => "25"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Google Scholar versus PubMed in locating primary literature to answer drug-related questions"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "M&#46;K&#46; Freeman"
                            1 => "S&#46;A&#46; Lauderdale"
                            2 => "M&#46;G&#46; Kendrach"
                            3 => "T&#46;W&#46; Woolley"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1345/aph.1L223"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Ann Pharmacother"
                        "fecha" => "2009"
                        "volumen" => "43"
                        "paginaInicial" => "478"
                        "paginaFinal" => "484"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19261965"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            25 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0130"
              "etiqueta" => "26"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Use of electronic health records in U&#46;S&#46; hospitals"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:9 [
                            0 => "A&#46;K&#46; Jha"
                            1 => "C&#46;M&#46; DesRoches"
                            2 => "E&#46;G&#46; Campbell"
                            3 => "K&#46; Donelan"
                            4 => "S&#46;R&#46; Rao"
                            5 => "T&#46;G&#46; Ferris"
                            6 => "A&#46; Shields"
                            7 => "S&#46; Rosenbaum"
                            8 => "D&#46; Blumenthal"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1056/NEJMsa0900592"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "N Engl J Med"
                        "fecha" => "2009"
                        "volumen" => "360"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1628"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1638"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19321858"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            26 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0135"
              "etiqueta" => "27"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Acceptability of a personally controlled health record in a community-based setting&#58; implications for policy and design"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "E&#46;R&#46; Weitzman"
                            1 => "L&#46; Kaci"
                            2 => "K&#46;D&#46; Mandl"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.2196/jmir.1187"
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Med Internet Res"
                        "fecha" => "2009"
                        "volumen" => "11"
                        "paginaInicial" => "e14"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19403467"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            27 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0140"
              "etiqueta" => "28"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Tectonic shifts in the health information economy"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "K&#46;D&#46; Mandl"
                            1 => "I&#46;S&#46; Kohane"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1056/NEJMsb0800220"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "N Engl J Med"
                        "fecha" => "2008"
                        "volumen" => "358"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1732"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1737"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18420506"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            28 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0145"
              "etiqueta" => "29"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Monitoring influenza activity in Europe with Google Flu Trends&#58; comparison with the findings of sentinel physician networks - results for 2009-10"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "A&#46; Valdivia"
                            1 => "J&#46; Lopez-Alcalde"
                            2 => "M&#46; Vicente"
                            3 => "M&#46; Pichiule"
                            4 => "M&#46; Ruiz"
                            5 => "M&#46; Ordobas"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:3 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Euro Surveill"
                        "fecha" => "2010 Jul 22"
                        "volumen" => "15"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            29 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0150"
              "etiqueta" => "30"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:1 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Valdivia A&#44; Monge-Corella S&#46; Diseases tracked by using Google trends&#44; Spain &#91;letter&#93;&#46; Emerg Infect Dis &#91;serial on the Internet&#93; 2010 Jan &#91;date cited&#93;&#46; Available from&#58; <a href="http://www.cdc.gov/EID/content/16/1/168.htm">http&#58;&#47;&#47;www&#46;cdc&#46;gov&#47;EID&#47;content&#47;16&#47;1&#47;168&#46;htm</a>&#46;"
                ]
              ]
            ]
            30 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0155"
              "etiqueta" => "31"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Patients using the Internet to obtain health information&#58; how this affects the patient&#8211;health professional relationship"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "M&#46; McMullan"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.pec.2005.10.006"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Patient Educ Couns"
                        "fecha" => "2006"
                        "volumen" => "63"
                        "paginaInicial" => "24"
                        "paginaFinal" => "28"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16406474"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            31 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0160"
              "etiqueta" => "32"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "&#8216;Doctor Google&#8217; ending the diagnostic odyssey in lysosomal storage disorders&#58; parents using internet search engines as an efficient diagnostic strategy in rare diseases"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "M&#46;G&#46; Bouwman"
                            1 => "Q&#46;G&#46;A&#46; Teunissen"
                            2 => "F&#46;A&#46; Wijburg"
                            3 => "G&#46;E&#46; Linthorst"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1136/adc.2009.171827"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Arch Dis Child"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "95"
                        "paginaInicial" => "642"
                        "paginaFinal" => "644"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20418338"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            32 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0165"
              "etiqueta" => "33"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:1 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Health 2&#46;0&#46; The Economist&#46; 6&#47;09&#47;07&#46;"
                ]
              ]
            ]
            33 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0170"
              "etiqueta" => "34"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:1 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "White&#44; RW&#44; Horvitz&#44; E&#46; Cyberchondria&#58; Studies of the Escalation of Medical Concerns in Web Search&#46; Microsoft Research&#46; 2008&#46; Available from&#58; <a href="http://research.microsoft.com/apps/pubs/default.aspx%3Fid=76529">http&#58;&#47;&#47;research&#46;microsoft&#46;com&#47;apps&#47;pubs&#47;default&#46;aspx&#63;id&#61;76529</a>&#46;"
                ]
              ]
            ]
            34 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0175"
              "etiqueta" => "35"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "&#8216;Doctor Google&#8217; ending the diagnostic odyssey in lysosomal storage disorders&#58; parents using internet search engines as an efficient diagnostic strategy in rare diseases"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "M&#46;G&#46; Bouwman"
                            1 => "Q&#46;G&#46; Teunissen"
                            2 => "F&#46;A&#46; Wijburg"
                            3 => "G&#46;E&#46; Linthorst"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1136/adc.2009.171827"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Arch Dis Child"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "95"
                        "paginaInicial" => "642"
                        "paginaFinal" => "644"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20418338"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            35 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0180"
              "etiqueta" => "36"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Social network sites&#58; Definition&#44; history&#44; and scholarship"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "D&#46;M&#46; Boyd"
                            1 => "N&#46;B&#46; Ellison"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:4 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication"
                        "fecha" => "2007"
                        "volumen" => "13"
                        "paginaInicial" => "article 11"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            36 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0185"
              "etiqueta" => "37"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:1 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Insites Consulting&#46; Available from&#58; <a href="http://blog.insites.be/%3Fp=1704">http&#58;&#47;&#47;blog&#46;insites&#46;be&#47;&#63;p&#61;1704</a>&#46;"
                ]
              ]
            ]
            37 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0190"
              "etiqueta" => "38"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:1 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Royal Pingdom&#46;Available from&#58; <a href="http://royal.pingdom.com/2010/10/22/incredible-growth-of-the-internet-since-2000/">http&#58;&#47;&#47;royal&#46;pingdom&#46;com&#47;2010&#47;10&#47;22&#47;incredible-growth-of-the-internet-since-2000&#47;</a>&#46;"
                ]
              ]
            ]
            38 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0195"
              "etiqueta" => "39"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:1 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Torrente E&#44; Escarrabill J&#44; Mart&#237;&#44; T &#40;2010&#41; &#8220;Impacto de las redes sociales de pacientes en la pr&#225;ctica asistencial&#44;&#8221; Revista de Innovaci&#243;n Sanitaria y Atenci&#243;n Integrada&#58; Vol&#46; 2&#58; Iss&#46; 1&#44; Article 1&#46; Available from&#58; <a href="http://pub.bsalut.net/risai/vol2/iss1/1">http&#58;&#47;&#47;pub&#46;bsalut&#46;net&#47;risai&#47;vol2&#47;iss1&#47;1</a>&#46;"
                ]
              ]
            ]
            39 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0200"
              "etiqueta" => "40"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:1 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Patients Like Me&#46; Available from&#58; <a href="http://www.patientslikeme.com/">http&#58;&#47;&#47;www&#46;patientslikeme&#46;com</a>&#46;"
                ]
              ]
            ]
            40 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0205"
              "etiqueta" => "41"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:1 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Bray&#44; David A&#46;&#44; Croxson&#44; Karen&#44; Dutton&#44; William H&#46; and Konsynski&#44; Benn&#44; Sermo&#58; A Community-Based&#44; Knowledge Ecosystem&#46; Oll Distributed Problem-Solving Networks Conference&#44; February 2008&#59; Oll Distributed Problem-Solving Networks Conference&#44; February 2008&#46; Available at SSRN&#58; <a href="http://ssrn.com/abstract=1016483">http&#58;&#47;&#47;ssrn&#46;com&#47;abstract&#61;1016483</a>&#46;"
                ]
              ]
            ]
            41 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0210"
              "etiqueta" => "42"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:1 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Esanum&#46; Available from&#58; <a href="http://www.esanum.es/">http&#58;&#47;&#47;www&#46;esanum&#46;es&#47;</a>&#46;"
                ]
              ]
            ]
            42 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0215"
              "etiqueta" => "43"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Fil&#233;s&#58; democracia econ&#243;mica en el siglo de las redes"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "D&#46; De Ugarte"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Libro" => array:3 [
                        "fecha" => "2009"
                        "editorial" => "Ediciones El Cobre"
                        "editorialLocalizacion" => "Barcelona"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            43 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0220"
              "etiqueta" => "44"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Cien mejor que uno"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "James Surowiecki"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Libro" => array:3 [
                        "fecha" => "2005"
                        "editorial" => "Ediciones Urano SA"
                        "editorialLocalizacion" => "Barcelona"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            44 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0225"
              "etiqueta" => "45"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The Shallows&#46; What the Internet is doing to our brains"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "Nicholas Carr"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Libro" => array:3 [
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "editorial" => "WW Nortin &#38; Company"
                        "editorialLocalizacion" => "New York"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            45 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0230"
              "etiqueta" => "46"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:1 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Jarvis J&#46; Y Google&#44; &#191;c&#243;mo lo har&#237;a&#63; Barcelona&#46; Gesti&#243;n 2000 &#40;Grupo Planeta&#41;&#46; 2010&#46;"
                ]
              ]
            ]
            46 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0235"
              "etiqueta" => "47"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Googl&#233;ame"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "B&#46; Cassin"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Libro" => array:3 [
                        "fecha" => "2008"
                        "editorial" => "Fondo de Cultura Econ&#243;moca"
                        "editorialLocalizacion" => "Buenos Aires"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
  ]
  "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
  "url" => "/08732159/0000001700000004/v2_201509041537/S0873215911000341/v2_201509041537/en/main.assets"
  "Apartado" => array:4 [
    "identificador" => "9579"
    "tipo" => "SECCION"
    "pt" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "Artigo especial"
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "pt"
  ]
  "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/08732159/0000001700000004/v2_201509041537/S0873215911000341/v2_201509041537/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004E&text.app=https://journalpulmonology.org/"
  "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0873215911000341?idApp=UINPBA00004E"
]
Article information
ISSN: 08732159
Original language: English
The statistics are updated each day
Year/Month Html Pdf Total
2024 November 14 12 26
2024 October 53 59 112
2024 September 49 47 96
2024 August 60 46 106
2024 July 104 47 151
2024 June 63 38 101
2024 May 44 47 91
2024 April 45 35 80
2024 March 42 32 74
2024 February 67 25 92
2024 January 40 27 67
2023 December 21 40 61
2023 November 31 30 61
2023 October 31 30 61
2023 September 26 33 59
2023 August 23 23 46
2023 July 19 34 53
2023 June 24 12 36
2023 May 47 32 79
2023 April 40 27 67
2023 March 84 16 100
2023 February 50 16 66
2023 January 29 20 49
2022 December 49 19 68
2022 November 71 32 103
2022 October 28 33 61
2022 September 24 33 57
2022 August 37 39 76
2022 July 43 42 85
2022 June 31 38 69
2022 May 45 40 85
2022 April 38 33 71
2022 March 32 37 69
2022 February 33 33 66
2022 January 38 33 71
2021 December 48 45 93
2021 November 41 31 72
2021 October 55 34 89
2021 September 58 34 92
2021 August 27 20 47
2021 July 34 25 59
2021 June 31 22 53
2021 May 71 21 92
2021 April 45 47 92
2021 March 45 11 56
2021 February 34 10 44
2021 January 26 12 38
2020 December 34 14 48
2020 November 44 23 67
2020 October 35 14 49
2020 September 45 36 81
2020 August 51 24 75
2020 July 54 27 81
2020 June 69 19 88
2020 May 64 23 87
2020 April 55 16 71
2020 March 47 16 63
2020 February 83 16 99
2020 January 57 19 76
2019 December 56 16 72
2019 November 44 17 61
2019 October 53 17 70
2019 September 58 14 72
2019 August 196 18 214
2019 July 224 9 233
2019 June 225 9 234
2019 May 182 14 196
2019 April 207 20 227
2019 March 241 11 252
2019 February 220 12 232
2019 January 243 21 264
2018 December 181 9 190
2018 November 63 0 63
2018 October 63 6 69
2018 September 48 4 52
2018 August 94 26 120
2018 July 98 16 114
2018 June 51 20 71
2018 May 58 16 74
2018 April 77 18 95
2018 March 88 26 114
2018 February 41 9 50
2018 January 49 13 62
2017 December 41 28 69
2017 November 43 8 51
2017 October 28 14 42
2017 September 37 22 59
2017 August 64 16 80
2017 July 47 10 57
2017 June 51 19 70
2017 May 51 13 64
2017 April 26 4 30
2017 March 46 12 58
2017 February 22 10 32
2017 January 35 10 45
2016 December 39 11 50
2016 November 31 4 35
2016 October 22 6 28
2016 September 10 4 14
2016 August 8 5 13
2016 July 6 4 10
2016 May 10 0 10
2016 April 38 2 40
2016 March 48 11 59
2016 February 71 13 84
2016 January 37 9 46
2015 December 48 8 56
2015 November 25 6 31
2015 October 34 8 42
2015 September 35 12 47
2015 August 61 7 68
2015 July 31 6 37
2015 June 31 6 37
2015 May 104 5 109
2015 April 116 8 124
2015 March 79 5 84
2015 February 102 6 108
2015 January 98 11 109
2014 December 144 17 161
2014 November 100 8 108
2014 October 114 13 127
2014 September 96 11 107
2014 August 102 19 121
2014 July 122 8 130
2014 June 118 3 121
2014 May 89 9 98
2014 April 90 10 100
2014 March 94 15 109
2014 February 85 10 95
2014 January 92 14 106
2013 December 89 5 94
2013 November 76 15 91
2013 October 80 10 90
2013 September 80 13 93
2013 August 130 15 145
2013 July 126 14 140
2013 June 134 13 147
2013 May 126 12 138
2013 April 123 21 144
2013 March 87 10 97
2013 February 95 21 116
2013 January 90 17 107
2012 December 100 16 116
2012 November 48 18 66
2012 October 21 8 29
2012 September 13 8 21
2012 January 426 0 426
Show all

Follow this link to access the full text of the article

Pulmonology

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?