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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Collision tumors are a rare condition in which two histologically different malignant neoplasms&#44; originating from two separate primary sites&#44; intermix with one another&#46; The two malignancies may originate from the same organ or occur as metastases from other sites&#46; There is no histological admixture or intermediate-transition cell population zone&#46; These tumors are difficult to diagnose preoperatively and pathological identification of the dual components is often the only way to make a correct diagnosis&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Adenoid cystic carcinoma &#40;ACC&#41; is a malignant tumor that is commonly classified with the salivary gland tumors&#44; although it may arise at any site where mucous glands exist&#46; This tumor exhibits a unique malignant profile&#44; which is characterized by slow growth and high propensity to systemic metastases&#46; The lung is the most common site of metastasis&#44; as pulmonary metastases have been reported in more than 38&#37; of patients with ACC of the head and neck&#46; Most patients with metastatic disease are relatively asymptomatic and may remain so for long periods&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#44;3</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Several case reports have been published in the literature&#44; which describe a primary pulmonary collision tumor consisting of large-cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> or squamous cell carcinoma and T-cell lymphoma&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> To our knowledge&#44; this is the first report that describes a case of collision cancer in the lung consisting of a lung adenocarcinoma and a metastasis of an ACC diagnosed with immunohistochemical techniques performed after surgery&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Case report</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A 56-year-old man with a previous history of adenoid cystic carcinoma of the right maxillary sinus &#40;pT4N0Mx&#41; that had been treated by right radical hemimaxillectomy and radiotherapy 11 years earlier was admitted to our institution after referral from his oncologist&#46; During the regular follow-up&#44; a computed tomography &#40;CT&#41; scan showed a 2&#46;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm diameter nodule&#44; with irregular morphology in the middle lobe&#44; which was in contact with the middle lobe brochus and right inferior lobar artery &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46; A transbronchial biopsy with bronchoscopy was performed showing an epithelial neoplastic cell proliferation with large cytoplasms and hyperchromatic nuclei&#46; Neoplastic cells expressed Cytokeratin AE1&#47;AE3&#44; Cytokeratin 7 and TTF-1&#46; With these features&#44; non-small cell carcinoma with immunohistochemical stigmas of adenocarcinoma was diagnosed&#46; A positron emission tomography &#40;PET&#41; demonstrated a focus of increased FDG uptake in the right hilum contacting with the middle lobe&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">It was necessary to perform a middle-lower bilobectomy as the nodule was located in the hilum of the middle lobe and affected the major fissure&#46; Mediastinal lymph node dissection was performed including stations 7&#44; 8&#44; 9 and 4R&#46; The postoperative course was uneventful&#44; and the patient was discharged on day 9 after the operation&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Histologically&#44; the nodule located in the middle lobe was a collision tumor of 2&#46;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm diameter formed by a lung adenocarcinoma with a poorly differentiated grade &#40;1&#46;1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm&#41; and a metastatic ACC &#40;1&#46;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm&#41; 0&#46;2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm away from the primary tumor&#46; We did not observe histological admixture or an intermediate cell population zone &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>a&#41;&#46; A subpleural nodule of ACC was also observed in the right lower lobe &#40;0&#46;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm&#41;&#46; There was no evidence of vascular invasive tumor&#44; the resection bronchial margin was negative and all the lymph nodes were free &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>&#41;&#46; In the immunohistochemical work-up&#44; one area consisted of glandular neoplasic proliferation with poorly differentiated areas and large cells with severe cytologic atypia TTF-1 positive &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>b&#41; and C-kit &#40;CD117&#41; negative &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>d&#41;&#46; The other area was formed by basophil epithelial nests with the presence of mucoid material inside&#46; These cells showed a moderate grade of cytologic atypia and were positive for C-kit &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>e&#41; and negative for TTF-1 &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>c&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The patient is alive and disease-free without any further treatment 17 months following surgery&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Discussion</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The occurrence of multiple malignancies in the same anatomical site in organs such as the thyroid&#44; breast and lymph nodes has been previously described&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> In the lung&#44; single cases of bronchogenic carcinoma have been unexpectedly found when pulmonary resection was performed for metastatic lung cancer&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> Nevertheless&#44; the occurrence of synchronous colliding tumors remains an extremely uncommon condition with a very limited number of cases having been published in the literature&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">ACC is a rare form of malignant neoplasm that usually originates within the major and minor salivary glands of the head and neck&#46; Clinically&#44; this tumor presents insidiously and is generally advanced when diagnosed&#46; ACC seldom metastasizes to regional lymph nodes&#46; Nevertheless&#44; a distant spread to the lungs and bones occurs frequently&#46; The distant metastasis can cause death as long as 10&#8211;20 years after initial treatment&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> In our case&#44; as described in the literature&#44; metastasis appeared in the lung 11 years after treatment&#46; Nevertheless we did not suspect the existence of an ACC metastasis inside the nodule because there were no local recurrences during the follow-up period and we found a positive transbronchial biopsy for non-small cell carcinoma&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Immunohistochemical study was important for the final diagnosis&#59; part of the nodule was negative for TTF-1 and positive for C-kit&#44; which is a transmembrane type III receptor tyrosine kinase that has recently been reported to be expressed in ACC&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> C-kit is activated by binding of its ligand&#44; stem cell factor&#46; Binding of stem cell factor initiates a phosphorylation cascade that ultimately leads to activation of various transcription factors that regulate apoptosis&#44; cell differentiation and proliferation&#46; Kit protein expression is important in the development of normal human tissues and in many human neoplasms including mastocytosis&#44; gastrointestinal stromal cell tumors&#44; melanoma&#44; breast cancer&#44; gynecologic cancers&#44; thyroid neoplasms&#44; etc&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10&#44;11</span></a> Recently&#44; Kit expression has been identified in several types of salivary gland tumors&#46; In these tumors&#44; kit expression has been most extensively documented in adenoid cystic carcinomas with an expression frequency ranging from 67 to 100&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a></p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">If we consider the origin of ACC&#44; we must distinguish metastatic ACC from primary ACC of the lung&#46; Pulmonar ACC is a malignant tumor arising in the tracheobronchial glands distributed in the airway submucosa&#44; with a similar morphology to ACC arising in the salivary glands&#46; Because of the site of origin&#44; pulmonary ACC is more common in the central bronchi than in the segmental bronchi&#46; Reports of ACC originating in the peripheral lung are rare&#46; In addition&#44; in cases of occurrence in the periphery&#44; lung metastases from a salivary gland tumor must be ruled out&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> In our case&#44; the characteristics we observed gave us the final diagnosis of a metastatic ACC&#46; These characteristics were&#58; &#40;1&#41; The obvious difference in the histological pattern between the two tumors&#46; Moreover&#44; we did observe no histological admixture or an intermediate cell population zone between both tumors&#46; &#40;2&#41; The different immunohistochemical expression of both tumors for C-kit and TTF-1&#46; &#40;3&#41; The existence of another subpleural nodule in the right lower lobe&#46; &#40;4&#41; The oncology history of the patient&#46;</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In conclusion metastasis in ACC can manifest itself very late&#44; and thus&#44; long-term follow-up and a high index of suspicion is necessary to diagnose them early&#46; This was observed in the present case&#46; We would like to emphasize the role of detailed histopathologic analysis and the use of immunohistochemistry in better identifying lung neoplasms&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conflict of interest</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest&#46;</p></span></span>"
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Case report
Pulmonar collision tumor: Metastatic adenoid cystic carcinoma and lung adenocarcinoma
Tumor pulmonar de colisão: metástase de carcinoma adenóide cístico e adenocarcinoma pulmonar
M. Blancoa,
Corresponding author
montseblancoramos@hotmail.com

Corresponding author.
, E. García-Fontána, J. Ríosb, J.E. Rivoa, R. Fernández-Martína, M.A. Cañizaresa
a Department of Thoracic Surgery, Vigo University Clinical Hospital, Vigo, Spain
b Department of Pathology, Vigo University Clinical Hospital, Vigo, Spain
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Collision tumors are a rare condition in which two histologically different malignant neoplasms&#44; originating from two separate primary sites&#44; intermix with one another&#46; The two malignancies may originate from the same organ or occur as metastases from other sites&#46; There is no histological admixture or intermediate-transition cell population zone&#46; These tumors are difficult to diagnose preoperatively and pathological identification of the dual components is often the only way to make a correct diagnosis&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Adenoid cystic carcinoma &#40;ACC&#41; is a malignant tumor that is commonly classified with the salivary gland tumors&#44; although it may arise at any site where mucous glands exist&#46; This tumor exhibits a unique malignant profile&#44; which is characterized by slow growth and high propensity to systemic metastases&#46; The lung is the most common site of metastasis&#44; as pulmonary metastases have been reported in more than 38&#37; of patients with ACC of the head and neck&#46; Most patients with metastatic disease are relatively asymptomatic and may remain so for long periods&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#44;3</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Several case reports have been published in the literature&#44; which describe a primary pulmonary collision tumor consisting of large-cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> or squamous cell carcinoma and T-cell lymphoma&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> To our knowledge&#44; this is the first report that describes a case of collision cancer in the lung consisting of a lung adenocarcinoma and a metastasis of an ACC diagnosed with immunohistochemical techniques performed after surgery&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Case report</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A 56-year-old man with a previous history of adenoid cystic carcinoma of the right maxillary sinus &#40;pT4N0Mx&#41; that had been treated by right radical hemimaxillectomy and radiotherapy 11 years earlier was admitted to our institution after referral from his oncologist&#46; During the regular follow-up&#44; a computed tomography &#40;CT&#41; scan showed a 2&#46;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm diameter nodule&#44; with irregular morphology in the middle lobe&#44; which was in contact with the middle lobe brochus and right inferior lobar artery &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46; A transbronchial biopsy with bronchoscopy was performed showing an epithelial neoplastic cell proliferation with large cytoplasms and hyperchromatic nuclei&#46; Neoplastic cells expressed Cytokeratin AE1&#47;AE3&#44; Cytokeratin 7 and TTF-1&#46; With these features&#44; non-small cell carcinoma with immunohistochemical stigmas of adenocarcinoma was diagnosed&#46; A positron emission tomography &#40;PET&#41; demonstrated a focus of increased FDG uptake in the right hilum contacting with the middle lobe&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">It was necessary to perform a middle-lower bilobectomy as the nodule was located in the hilum of the middle lobe and affected the major fissure&#46; Mediastinal lymph node dissection was performed including stations 7&#44; 8&#44; 9 and 4R&#46; The postoperative course was uneventful&#44; and the patient was discharged on day 9 after the operation&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Histologically&#44; the nodule located in the middle lobe was a collision tumor of 2&#46;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm diameter formed by a lung adenocarcinoma with a poorly differentiated grade &#40;1&#46;1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm&#41; and a metastatic ACC &#40;1&#46;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm&#41; 0&#46;2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm away from the primary tumor&#46; We did not observe histological admixture or an intermediate cell population zone &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>a&#41;&#46; A subpleural nodule of ACC was also observed in the right lower lobe &#40;0&#46;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm&#41;&#46; There was no evidence of vascular invasive tumor&#44; the resection bronchial margin was negative and all the lymph nodes were free &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>&#41;&#46; In the immunohistochemical work-up&#44; one area consisted of glandular neoplasic proliferation with poorly differentiated areas and large cells with severe cytologic atypia TTF-1 positive &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>b&#41; and C-kit &#40;CD117&#41; negative &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>d&#41;&#46; The other area was formed by basophil epithelial nests with the presence of mucoid material inside&#46; These cells showed a moderate grade of cytologic atypia and were positive for C-kit &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>e&#41; and negative for TTF-1 &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>c&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The patient is alive and disease-free without any further treatment 17 months following surgery&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Discussion</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The occurrence of multiple malignancies in the same anatomical site in organs such as the thyroid&#44; breast and lymph nodes has been previously described&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> In the lung&#44; single cases of bronchogenic carcinoma have been unexpectedly found when pulmonary resection was performed for metastatic lung cancer&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> Nevertheless&#44; the occurrence of synchronous colliding tumors remains an extremely uncommon condition with a very limited number of cases having been published in the literature&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">ACC is a rare form of malignant neoplasm that usually originates within the major and minor salivary glands of the head and neck&#46; Clinically&#44; this tumor presents insidiously and is generally advanced when diagnosed&#46; ACC seldom metastasizes to regional lymph nodes&#46; Nevertheless&#44; a distant spread to the lungs and bones occurs frequently&#46; The distant metastasis can cause death as long as 10&#8211;20 years after initial treatment&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> In our case&#44; as described in the literature&#44; metastasis appeared in the lung 11 years after treatment&#46; Nevertheless we did not suspect the existence of an ACC metastasis inside the nodule because there were no local recurrences during the follow-up period and we found a positive transbronchial biopsy for non-small cell carcinoma&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Immunohistochemical study was important for the final diagnosis&#59; part of the nodule was negative for TTF-1 and positive for C-kit&#44; which is a transmembrane type III receptor tyrosine kinase that has recently been reported to be expressed in ACC&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> C-kit is activated by binding of its ligand&#44; stem cell factor&#46; Binding of stem cell factor initiates a phosphorylation cascade that ultimately leads to activation of various transcription factors that regulate apoptosis&#44; cell differentiation and proliferation&#46; Kit protein expression is important in the development of normal human tissues and in many human neoplasms including mastocytosis&#44; gastrointestinal stromal cell tumors&#44; melanoma&#44; breast cancer&#44; gynecologic cancers&#44; thyroid neoplasms&#44; etc&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10&#44;11</span></a> Recently&#44; Kit expression has been identified in several types of salivary gland tumors&#46; In these tumors&#44; kit expression has been most extensively documented in adenoid cystic carcinomas with an expression frequency ranging from 67 to 100&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a></p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">If we consider the origin of ACC&#44; we must distinguish metastatic ACC from primary ACC of the lung&#46; Pulmonar ACC is a malignant tumor arising in the tracheobronchial glands distributed in the airway submucosa&#44; with a similar morphology to ACC arising in the salivary glands&#46; Because of the site of origin&#44; pulmonary ACC is more common in the central bronchi than in the segmental bronchi&#46; Reports of ACC originating in the peripheral lung are rare&#46; In addition&#44; in cases of occurrence in the periphery&#44; lung metastases from a salivary gland tumor must be ruled out&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> In our case&#44; the characteristics we observed gave us the final diagnosis of a metastatic ACC&#46; These characteristics were&#58; &#40;1&#41; The obvious difference in the histological pattern between the two tumors&#46; Moreover&#44; we did observe no histological admixture or an intermediate cell population zone between both tumors&#46; &#40;2&#41; The different immunohistochemical expression of both tumors for C-kit and TTF-1&#46; &#40;3&#41; The existence of another subpleural nodule in the right lower lobe&#46; &#40;4&#41; The oncology history of the patient&#46;</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In conclusion metastasis in ACC can manifest itself very late&#44; and thus&#44; long-term follow-up and a high index of suspicion is necessary to diagnose them early&#46; This was observed in the present case&#46; We would like to emphasize the role of detailed histopathologic analysis and the use of immunohistochemistry in better identifying lung neoplasms&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conflict of interest</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest&#46;</p></span></span>"
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ISSN: 08732159
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