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foram internados 1917 doentes na Unidade de Tuberculose&#46; Destes&#44; a maioria pertencia ao sexo masculino com 1450 casos &#40;76&#37;&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A m&#233;dia de idades foi de 43<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>15&#44;2 anos &#40;entre os 16-95 anos&#41;&#46; A m&#233;dia de idades no sexo masculino foi&#44; do ponto de vista estat&#237;stico&#44; significativamente superior &#224; do sexo feminino &#40;43<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>14&#44;1 <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs</span> 41<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>18&#44;1 anos&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Salienta-se que 759 doentes &#40;39&#44;6&#37;&#41; apresentavam idades entre os 35-49 anos&#46; Constatou-se tamb&#233;m que os grupos et&#225;rios com maior incid&#234;ncia de homens e de mulheres se encontravam entre os 35-44 anos &#40;29&#44;9&#37;&#41; e os 25-34 anos &#40;30&#44;2&#37;&#41;&#44; respectivamente&#46;</p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A maioria da popula&#231;&#227;o era de ra&#231;a caucasiana &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1469&#59; 76&#44;6&#37;&#41; e de nacionalidade portuguesa &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1537&#59; 80&#44;2&#37;&#41;&#46; Apenas 380 doentes &#40;19&#44;8&#37;&#41; eram estrangeiros&#46;</p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os imigrantes eram sobretudo do sexo masculino &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>292&#59; 76&#44;8&#37;&#41; e a sua origem predominantemente africana &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>299&#59; 78&#44;7&#37;&#41;&#44; em ambos os sexos&#46; Apenas 7 &#40;1&#44;8&#37;&#41; eram provenientes da Europa Ocidental&#46; Os 299 imigrantes africanos eram&#44; na grande maioria&#44; provenientes dos pa&#237;ses de express&#227;o portuguesa&#46;</p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; profiss&#227;o&#44; 50&#44;7&#37; era popula&#231;&#227;o activa&#46; Destes&#44; a maioria era constitu&#237;da por oper&#225;rios e trabalhadores n&#227;o qualificados &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>764&#59; 78&#44;6&#37;&#41; e apenas 3&#44;1&#37; &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>30&#41; por quadros superiores&#46; &#201; de real&#231;ar que uma parte significativa do total dos doentes &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>682&#59; 35&#44;6&#37;&#41; estava desempregada e 222 doentes &#40;11&#44;6&#37;&#41; eram reformados&#46;</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Na <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabela 1</a> encontram-se resumidas as caracter&#237;sticas dos 1917 doentes&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Dos 1917 doentes com diagn&#243;stico de TB&#44; 74&#37; &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1418&#41; eram casos novos e 26&#37; &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>499&#41; correspondiam a casos de retratamento&#46; Nestes&#44; a maioria foi devida a recidivas &#40;49&#44;7&#37;&#41; e a interrup&#231;&#245;es do tratamento anterior &#40;38&#44;5&#37;&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Do ponto de vista radiol&#243;gico&#44; a forma de apresenta&#231;&#227;o mais frequente&#44; nos casos de TB pulmonar&#44; foi a cavitada&#46;</p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Na <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabela 1</a> encontram-se representadas as formas de apresenta&#231;&#227;o da TB extra-pulmonar&#46;</p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Apenas 274 doentes &#40;14&#44;3&#37;&#41; n&#227;o apresentavam outras patologias associadas&#46; Os restantes 85&#44;7&#37; &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1643&#41; apresentavam pelo menos uma comorbilidade&#46; As mais frequentes foram as altera&#231;&#245;es metab&#243;licas&#47;nutricionais &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>773&#59; 47&#37;&#41; e os comportamentos aditivos &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>663&#59; 40&#44;4&#37;&#41;&#44; nomeadamente o alcoolismo &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>410&#59; 61&#44;8&#37;&#41; e a toxicofilia &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>326&#59; 49&#44;2&#37;&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Outra comorbilidade&#44; com um grande impacto nesta popula&#231;&#227;o&#44; foi a infec&#231;&#227;o pelo VIH&#44; presente em 665 doentes &#40;34&#44;7&#37;&#41; dos quais 528 &#40;79&#44;4&#37;&#41; eram homens&#46; Este grupo era maioritariamente de ra&#231;a caucasiana &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>502&#59; 75&#44;5&#37;&#41;&#59; os imigrantes contribu&#237;ram com 18&#44;2&#37; &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>121&#41;&#44; sobretudo os africanos &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>108&#59; 89&#44;3&#37;&#41; provenientes de Cabo Verde &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>36&#59; 29&#44;8&#37;&#41; e da Guin&#233;-Bissau &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>33&#59; 27&#44;3&#37;&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Dos 425 doentes com VIH a quem foi efectuada a contagem de c&#233;lulas CD<span class="elsevierStyleInf">4</span>&#44; 311 &#40;73&#44;2&#37;&#41; tinham menos de 200 c&#233;lulas&#47;mm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span>&#44; sendo o n&#250;mero m&#233;dio significativamente menor em rela&#231;&#227;o ao grupo de doentes sem coinfec&#231;&#227;o VIH &#40;162<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>192&#44;1 <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs</span> 747&#44;7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>349&#44;4&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&#41;&#44; o que atesta o deficiente grau de imunidade daqueles doentes&#46;</p><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Comparando as formas de apresenta&#231;&#227;o de TB entre o grupo de doentes com VIH e os n&#227;o infectados por este v&#237;rus&#44; verificou-se que&#44; apesar da distribui&#231;&#227;o ser semelhante&#44; as formas de TB exclusivamente extra-pulmonares e as formas mistas s&#227;o muito mais frequentes entre os doentes VIH&#43; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Neste estudo&#44; constatou-se ainda que ocorreram reac&#231;&#245;es adversas &#224; terap&#234;utica em 213 doentes &#40;12&#37;&#41;&#46; As mais frequentes foram as hep&#225;ticas &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>102&#59; 47&#44;9&#37;&#41; e as de hipersensibilidade &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>61&#59; 28&#44;6&#37;&#41;&#46; A maioria das reac&#231;&#245;es adversas ocorreram nos esquemas terap&#234;uticos com HRZE &#40;Isoniazida&#43;Rifampicina<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Pirazinamida<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Etambuto&#41;&#46; &#201; importante salientar que as reac&#231;&#245;es adversas foram mais frequentes nos doentes com VIH &#40;13&#44;7&#37;&#41; do que nos n&#227;o infectados &#40;9&#44;7&#37;&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Foi poss&#237;vel obter os resultados dos testes de sensibilidade aos antibi&#243;ticos &#40;TSA&#41; em 1492 doentes &#40;77&#44;8&#37;&#41;&#46; Destes&#44; 1129 &#40;75&#44;7&#37;&#41; apresentavam sensibilidade a todos os antibacilares de primeira linha&#46; A monorresist&#234;ncia &#40;sobretudo &#224; estreptomicina&#41; foi encontrada em 131 doentes &#40;8&#44;8&#37;&#41; e a polirresist&#234;ncia apenas em 32 &#40;2&#44;1&#37;&#41;&#46; Em 98 doentes &#40;6&#44;6&#37;&#41;&#44; os TSA apresentavam um padr&#227;o de multirresist&#234;ncia &#40;MR&#41; e 102 doentes &#40;6&#44;8&#37;&#41; revelavam TB XDR&#46;</p><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Caracterizando melhor os doentes com TB MR&#44; cerca de 78 &#40;80&#37;&#41; eram de nacionalidade portuguesa&#44; 38 &#40;38&#44;8&#37;&#41; infectados com o VIH&#44; estando a toxicodepend&#234;ncia presente em 40 doentes &#40;40&#44;8&#37;&#41;&#46; A maioria correspondia a casos de retratamento &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>52&#59; 53&#44;1&#37;&#41;&#46; Neste grupo de doentes&#44; 70 &#40;71&#44;4&#37;&#41; tiveram alta devido a melhoria no quadro cl&#237;nico&#59; a taxa de mortalidade foi de 11&#37; &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>11&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">No que diz respeito &#224; TB XDR&#44; a maioria &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>86&#59; 84&#44;3&#37;&#41; era tamb&#233;m de nacionalidade portuguesa e 67 &#40;65&#44;7&#37;&#41; estavam infectados pelo VIH&#46; Ainda neste grupo&#44; 43 &#40;42&#44;2&#37;&#41; apresentavam h&#225;bitos toxicof&#237;licos&#46; Apenas 20 &#40;19&#44;6&#37;&#41; eram casos novos&#44; sendo os restantes 82 &#40;80&#44;4&#37;&#41; referentes a retratamentos&#46; Neste grupo de doentes&#44; 62 &#40;60&#44;8&#37;&#41; tiveram alta devido a melhoria no estado cl&#237;nico&#59; a taxa de mortalidade foi de 25&#44;5&#37; &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>26&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Comparando os doentes com e sem infec&#231;&#227;o VIH&#44; verificou-se que o n&#250;mero de TB XDR no primeiro grupo era 3&#44;6 vezes superior ao do segundo grupo &#40;10&#44;1&#37; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs</span> 2&#44;8&#37;&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Verificou-se que os casos de retratamento aumentaram 5&#44;6 vezes o risco de desenvolvimento de formas de TB MR ou XDR e a infec&#231;&#227;o VIH aumentou em 2&#44;3 vezes esse risco&#44; em rela&#231;&#227;o aos doentes com novos casos de TB&#46;</p><p id="par0170" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Abordando o estado dos doentes &#224; sa&#237;da&#44; 1636 doentes &#40;85&#44;3&#37;&#41; tiveram alta por melhoria do quadro cl&#237;nico&#46; Neste grupo de doentes&#44; 91&#44;9&#37; &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1504&#41; n&#227;o apresentavam resist&#234;ncias aos f&#225;rmacos antibacilares&#44; 4&#44;3&#37; &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>70&#41; eram casos de TB MR e apenas 3&#44;8&#37; &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>62&#41; eram casos de TB XDR&#46;</p><p id="par0175" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A demora m&#233;dia global de internamento foi de 28&#44;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>54&#44;8 dias&#44; sendo ligeiramente maior nas mulheres comparativamente &#224; dos homens&#44; mas sem significado estat&#237;stico &#40;30&#44;5 <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs</span> 27&#44;9 dias&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;16&#41;&#46; As demoras m&#233;dias de internamento analisadas de acordo com os padr&#245;es de sensibilidade&#44; assim como os respectivos n&#237;veis de signific&#226;ncia&#44; encontram-se representados na <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">figura 2</a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0180" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A demora m&#233;dia dos doentes com TB sem infec&#231;&#227;o VIH n&#227;o mostrou&#44; nesta amostra&#44; diferen&#231;as estatisticamente significativas relativamente aos coinfectados com o VIH &#40;28&#44;4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>45 <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs</span> 32&#44;9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>35&#44;1&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;093&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0185" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A taxa de mortalidade foi de 8&#44;6&#37; &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>165&#41;&#46; Dos falecidos&#44; 139 doentes &#40;84&#44;2&#37;&#41; eram do sexo masculino&#59; a m&#233;dia de idades foi significativamente superior em rela&#231;&#227;o aos doentes que tiveram alta &#40;48&#44;7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>17&#44;2 <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs</span> 42<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>14&#44;9 anos&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&#41; e a maioria n&#227;o apresentava antecedentes de TB &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>116&#59; 70&#44;3&#37;&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0190" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Dos 165 &#243;bitos&#44; verificou-se que 112 doentes &#40;68&#37;&#41; tinham tr&#234;s ou mais comorbilidades e 94 &#40;57&#37;&#41; estavam infectados pelo VIH&#44; sendo que 65 &#40;73&#37;&#41; apresentavam h&#225;bitos toxicof&#237;licos&#46;</p><p id="par0195" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Outras comorbilidades frequentemente encontradas entre os doentes falecidos foram o tromboembolismo pulmonar &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>17&#59; 10&#44;3&#37;&#41;&#44; a diabetes mellitus &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>15&#59; 9&#44;1&#37;&#41; e as neoplasias &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>14&#59; 8&#44;5&#37;&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0200" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Entre os doentes VIH&#43; falecidos&#44; a m&#233;dia de c&#233;lulas CD<span class="elsevierStyleInf">4</span> foi de 78&#44;3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>109&#44;4 c&#233;lulas&#47;mm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span>&#44; e entre os doentes VIH&#43; que n&#227;o faleceram essa m&#233;dia foi de 173&#44;2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>198 c&#233;lulas&#47;mm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span> &#40;diferen&#231;a com significado estat&#237;stico&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0205" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A an&#225;lise dos factores associados &#224; mortalidade intra-hospitalar consistiu num modelo de regress&#227;o log&#237;stica bin&#225;ria&#44; em que a vari&#225;vel dependente foi a mortalidade e as vari&#225;veis independentes foram o sexo masculino&#44; a infec&#231;&#227;o VIH&#44; a TB MR e a XDR&#46; Na <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">tabela 2</a> apresentam-se os resultados da an&#225;lise&#44; indicando-se os <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">odds ratios</span> ajustados e os respectivos intervalos de confian&#231;a&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0210" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os resultados mostram que a TB XDR e a infec&#231;&#227;o VIH tiveram maior impacto na sobrevida&#46; A TB MR e o sexo masculino tamb&#233;m foram significativamente relacionados com a probabilidade de morrer&#46;</p><p id="par0215" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os dados at&#233; aqui analisados corresponderam ao total dos internamentos durante os dez anos&#46; Os autores consideraram importante salientar os resultados divididos em dois grandes per&#237;odos &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">tabela 3</a>&#41;&#46; Nos &#250;ltimos cinco anos houve diminui&#231;&#227;o do n&#250;mero de internamentos &#40;mas sem diferen&#231;a estatisticamente significativa na demora m&#233;dia&#41;&#44; do n&#250;mero de doentes com infec&#231;&#227;o VIH&#44; do n&#250;mero de retratamentos&#44; dos casos de TB MR e XDR e da mortalidade intra-hospitalar&#46; Desta forma&#44; constata-se que&#44; actualmente&#44; h&#225; um melhor controlo da doen&#231;a&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Discuss&#227;o</span><p id="par0220" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Tal como seria de esperar&#44; e de acordo com a situa&#231;&#227;o epidemiol&#243;gica da TB em Portugal<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&#44; nesta Unidade a maioria dos casos foi registada em doentes do sexo masculino&#44; sendo a maior propor&#231;&#227;o em adultos jovens e indiv&#237;duos com piores condi&#231;&#245;es s&#243;cio-econ&#243;micas&#46;</p><p id="par0225" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A propor&#231;&#227;o de imigrantes neste estudo &#40;19&#44;8&#37;&#41; foi um pouco superior &#224; percentagem encontrada em 2009&#44; em Portugal &#40;15&#37;&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&#46; Provavelmente&#44; reflecte a maior necessidade de internamento destes doentes por falta de suporte s&#243;cio-econ&#243;mico&#46;</p><p id="par0230" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A import&#226;ncia da imigra&#231;&#227;o tem-se mostrado muito vari&#225;vel em diferentes casu&#237;sticas&#46; Salienta-se a realizada durante o ano de 2001 num hospital espanhol de Madrid<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> que apresentou apenas 9&#37; de imigrantes enquanto um estudo publicado por um hospital de Paris<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> revelou uma imigra&#231;&#227;o de 43&#44;6&#37;&#46;</p><p id="par0235" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Na nossa casu&#237;stica&#44; as formas de TB pulmonar foram as mais prevalentes&#44; apesar das extra-pulmonares terem um peso importante nos doentes VIH&#43;&#44; o que est&#225; de acordo com o descrito na literatura&#46; A TB miliar surge num lugar de destaque&#44; logo ap&#243;s as formas de TB pleural e ganglionar tor&#225;cica&#46;</p><p id="par0240" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Tal como foi referido na introdu&#231;&#227;o&#44; em 2009&#44; registaram-se em Portugal 13&#37; de casos de TB e SIDA&#46; Como seria de esperar&#44; a percentagem obtida nestes dez anos de funcionamento foi substancialmente superior &#40;34&#44;7&#37;&#41;&#44; n&#250;mero este facilmente justificado pela grande necessidade de internamento destes doentes&#46; Os valores de coinfec&#231;&#227;o publicados noutras casu&#237;sticas variaram entre os 6&#44;9&#37;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a>-43&#44;6&#37;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0245" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">No presente estudo&#44; a incid&#234;ncia de reac&#231;&#245;es adversas aos antibacilares &#40;12&#37;&#41; foi relevante&#44; sendo mais elevada do que em alguns estudos anteriormente publicados&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> Provavelmente este achado justifica-se pelo elevado n&#250;mero de comorbilidades associadas aos doentes da nossa casu&#237;stica&#46; Salienta-se que o alcoolismo foi uma comorbilidade de relevo nesta popula&#231;&#227;o estudada o que pode tamb&#233;m contribuir para o desenvolvimento de hepatotoxicidade pelos antibacilares&#46;</p><p id="par0250" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">&#201; not&#243;rio o elevado n&#250;mero de retratamentos &#40;26&#37;&#41;&#46; Chama-se a aten&#231;&#227;o para a necessidade de um controlo cada vez mais rigoroso dos doentes a fazer tratamento em ambulat&#243;rio e de obter uma boa ades&#227;o &#224; terap&#234;utica&#44; de forma tamb&#233;m a dificultar o desenvolvimento de estirpes multirresistentes&#46;</p><p id="par0255" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Por ser uma Unidade especialmente direccionada para o internamento de casos de TB MR&#47;XDR&#44; as taxas obtidas &#40;6&#44;6&#37; e 6&#44;8&#37;&#44; respectivamente&#41; foram muito superiores &#224;s dos dados nacionais &#40;2&#37;&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&#46; Em rela&#231;&#227;o a outras casu&#237;sticas<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8&#44;10&#8211;13</span></a>&#44; os nossos resultados foram quase sempre superiores&#44; sendo apenas inferiores &#224; casu&#237;stica apresentada num hospital de Madrid &#40;30&#37;&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0260" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A nossa demora m&#233;dia global &#40;28&#44;5 dias&#41; foi substancialmente superior &#224; de outros estudos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12&#44;13</span></a>&#44; provavelmente devido ao maior n&#250;mero de casos de TB MR e XDR internados e tamb&#233;m ao elevado n&#250;mero de comorbilidades&#46;</p><p id="par0265" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Comparativamente a outros estudos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14&#44;15</span></a>que referem uma taxa de mortalidade hospitalar entre os 5&#37;-30&#37;&#44; a taxa encontrada nesta Unidade &#40;8&#44;6&#37;&#41; foi pr&#243;xima dos melhores valores registados&#46; Salientam-se a casu&#237;stica de Madrid<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> com resultados muito semelhantes aos nossos &#40;9&#37;&#41; e a do Brasil<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> com valores bastante superiores &#40;18&#44;4&#37;&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0270" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A mortalidade foi sobretudo associada ao sexo masculino&#44; aos casos de coinfec&#231;&#227;o pelo VIH&#44; &#224; exist&#234;ncia de outras comorbilidades e &#224;s formas de TB MR e XDR&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclus&#245;es</span><p id="par0275" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Perante todos os dados obtidos neste estudo&#44; conclui-se que &#233; de extrema import&#226;ncia para o controlo dos casos de TB a exist&#234;ncia de rastreios nas faixas et&#225;rias jovens&#44; sobretudo quando associadas a determinados factores de risco&#44; tais como h&#225;bitos aditivos&#44; infec&#231;&#227;o pelo VIH&#44; condi&#231;&#245;es s&#243;cio-econ&#243;micas prec&#225;rias e imigra&#231;&#227;o de pa&#237;ses com alta preval&#234;ncia de TB&#46; Desta forma&#44; o controlo da TB necessita da manuten&#231;&#227;o de estruturas de apoio do ambulat&#243;rio&#46;</p><p id="par0280" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A exist&#234;ncia de unidades dedicadas exclusivamente ao internamento de formas de TB MR e XDR &#233; de uma import&#226;ncia crescente e extremamente actual&#46; Para tal&#44; s&#227;o necess&#225;rias reestrutura&#231;&#245;es nas unidades&#44; de forma a melhorar a qualidade dos isolamentos dos doentes&#46;</p><p id="par0285" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">&#201; fundamental que diferentes entidades &#40;respons&#225;veis governamentais&#44; administradores e cl&#237;nicos&#41; estejam envolvidas no controlo da infec&#231;&#227;o por TB para evitar a potencial transmiss&#227;o nosocomial dos casos de TB MR e XDR&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conflito de interesses</span><p id="par0290" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os autores declaram n&#227;o haver conflito de interesses&#46;</p></span></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Introdu&#231;&#227;o</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">O Servi&#231;o de Pneumologia de um Hospital Central de Lisboa criou uma Unidade dedicada exclusivamente ao internamento de casos de tuberculose &#40;TB&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objectivos</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">An&#225;lise casu&#237;stica e avalia&#231;&#227;o dos factores preditivos de mortalidade intra-hospitalar&#44; num per&#237;odo de dez anos&#46;</p></span> <span><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Material&#47;M&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudo retrospectivo&#44; entre Abril de 1999 e Setembro de 2009&#44; atrav&#233;s da aplica&#231;&#227;o SPSS &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Statistical Package for the Social Sciences</span>&#41; para a regress&#227;o log&#237;stica bin&#225;ria&#46;</p></span> <span><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Do total de 1917 doentes&#44; a maioria era do sexo masculino &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1450&#59; 76&#37;&#41;&#44; caucasiana &#40;76&#44;6&#37;&#41;&#44; com m&#233;dia de idades de 43<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>15&#44;2 anos&#44; e 19&#44;8&#37; de imigrantes&#46; Os retratamentos foram respons&#225;veis por 26&#37; dos internamentos&#46; A presen&#231;a de comorbilidades foi encontrada em 85&#44;7&#37;&#44; salientando-se a infec&#231;&#227;o pelo VIH &#40;34&#44;7&#37;&#41;&#46; A TB multirresistente &#40;MR&#41; e a extensivamente resistente &#40;XDR&#41; surgiram em 6&#44;6&#37; e 6&#44;8&#37;&#44; respectivamente&#46; A demora m&#233;dia foi de 28&#44;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>54&#44;8 dias e a taxa de mortalidade de 8&#44;6&#37;&#46; O risco de mortalidade foi maior entre os homens &#40;OR 1&#44;8&#59; IC<span class="elsevierStyleInf">95&#37;</span> 1&#44;16-2&#44;90&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;01&#41;&#44; nos doentes com infec&#231;&#227;o VIH &#40;OR 3&#44;7&#59; IC<span class="elsevierStyleInf">95&#37;</span> 2&#44;47-5&#44;49&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&#41;&#44; e nos que apresentaram TB MR &#40;OR 2&#44;5&#59; IC<span class="elsevierStyleInf">95&#37;</span> 1&#44;24-5&#44;15&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;01&#41; e XDR &#40;OR 5&#44;5&#59; IC<span class="elsevierStyleInf">95&#37;</span> 3&#44;14-9&#44;58&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclus&#245;es</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Uma elevada percentagem dos doentes apresentava comorbilidades&#44; nomeadamente a infec&#231;&#227;o VIH&#46; Os principais factores associados &#224; mortalidade foram a infec&#231;&#227;o VIH&#44; a TB XDR e a TB MR&#46;</p></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Introduction</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The Pulmonology Service of a Central Hospital in Lisbon created a Unit dedicated to the treatment of tuberculosis &#40;TB&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objectives</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Casuistic analysis and assessment of the predictive factors for in-hospital mortality&#44; over a 10-years period&#46;</p></span> <span><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Material&#47;Methods</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Retrospective study&#44; from April 1999 to September 2009&#44; through the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences application for binary logistic regression&#46;</p></span> <span><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">In a total of 1917 patients&#44; most were male &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1450&#59; 76&#37;&#41;&#44; Caucasian &#40;76&#46;6&#37;&#41;&#44; with an average age of 43<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>15&#46;2 years&#44; and 19&#46;8&#37; were immigrants&#46; The retreatments were responsible for 26&#37; of the hospitalizations&#46; The presence of comorbidities was detected in 85&#46;7&#37;&#44; particularly HIV infection &#40;34&#46;7&#37;&#41;&#46; The multidrug-resistant &#40;MDR&#41; and the extensively drug resistant &#40;XDR&#41; TB occurred in 6&#46;6&#37; and 6&#46;8&#37;&#44; respectively&#46; The average delay was 28&#46;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>54&#46;8 days&#44; with the mortality rate at 8&#46;6&#37;&#46; The mortality risk was more significant amongst men &#40;OR 1&#46;8&#59; 95&#37;CI 1&#46;16-2&#46;90&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;01&#41;&#44; in patients with HIV infection &#40;OR 3&#46;7&#59; 95&#37;CI 2&#46;47-5&#46;49&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;001&#41;&#44; and amongst those who presented MDR TB &#40;OR 2&#46;5&#59; 95&#37;CI 1&#46;24-5&#46;15&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;01&#41; and XDR TB &#40;OR 5&#46;5&#59; 95&#37;CI 3&#46;14-9&#46;58&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;001&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A high percentage of patients presented comorbidities&#44; namely HIV infection&#46; The main factors associated with mortality were HIV infection&#44; XDR TB and MDR TB&#46;</p></span>"
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                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Grupo et&#225;rio &#40;anos&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>16-24&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">151 &#40;7&#44;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62; 71&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">126 &#40;6&#44;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Sexo</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Masculino&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1450 &#40;75&#44;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">467 &#40;24&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Negativo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1252 &#40;65&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Local da infec&#231;&#227;o</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>TB Pulmonar&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1485 &#40;77&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>TB Extra-pulmonar&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">422 &#40;22&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Ganglionar&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">221 &#40;52&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Pleural&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">144 &#40;34&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Miliar&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">121 &#40;28&#44;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SNC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">23 &#40;5&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Lar&#237;ngea&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">17 &#40;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Outros&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">54 &#40;12&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Classifica&#231;&#227;o da OMS</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Casos novos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1418 &#40;74&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Retratamentos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">499 &#40;26&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Pa&#237;s de origem</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">380 &#40;19&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Angola&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">109 &#40;36&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Cabo Verde&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">98 &#40;32&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Guin&#233;-Bissau&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">58 &#40;19&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Mo&#231;ambique&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">16 &#40;5&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Sao Tom&#233; e Principe&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">13 &#40;4&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Outros&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">86 &#40;22&#44;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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                0 => "xTab884578.png"
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        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "pt" => "<p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Caracter&#237;sticas dos 1917 doentes internados com tuberculose</p>"
        ]
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0080" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">VIH<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>v&#237;rus da imunodefici&#234;ncia humana&#59; TB MR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>tuberculose multirresistente&#59; TB XDR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Tuberculose extensivamente resistente&#59; IC<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Intervalo de confian&#231;a&#46;</p>"
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                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Vari&#225;veis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Odds-ratio ajustados &#40;IC<span class="elsevierStyleInf">95&#37;</span>&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Valor de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3&#44;679 &#40;2&#44;465-5&#44;491&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">TB MR&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">TB XDR&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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          "pt" => "<p id="spar0075" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">An&#225;lise de regress&#227;o log&#237;stica bin&#225;ria para a mortalidade entre os doentes com tuberculose</p>"
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              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="2" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">De 1999 a 2004</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="2" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">De 2005 a 2009</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col">Valor de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">n&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">n&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">N&#176; de internamentos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">55&#44;6&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">851&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">44&#44;4&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Infec&#231;&#227;o VIH&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">413&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">38&#44;7&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">252&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">29&#44;6&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Retratamentos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">316&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">29&#44;6&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">183&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">21&#44;5&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">TB MR&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">62&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">5&#44;8&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">36&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">4&#44;2&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">TB XDR&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">62&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">5&#44;8&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">40&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">4&#44;7&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Demora m&#233;dia &#40;dias&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="char" valign="top">29&#44;9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>60&#44;7</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="char" valign="top">26&#44;8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>46&#44;2</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;05&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Mortalidade&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">108&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">10&#44;1&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">57&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6&#44;7&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "pt" => "<p id="spar0085" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">An&#225;lise dos dados de acordo com per&#237;odos de cinco anos &#40;1999-2004 e 2005-2009&#41;</p>"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "bibliografia" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "Bibliografia"
      "seccion" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "bibs0005"
          "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:15 [
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Unidade de Tuberculose: Casuística de dez anos de actividade (1999-2009)
Tuberculosis Unit: Case Study of 10 years of activity (1999-2009)
T. Lopes
Corresponding author
telmasl.81@gmail.com

Autor para correspondência.
, C. Gomes, N. Diogo
Serviço de Pneumologia, Unidade de Tuberculose, Hospital Pulido Valente (Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Norte, EPE), Lisboa, Portugal
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Estima-se que cerca de 7&#44;7&#37; eram VIH &#40;v&#237;rus da imunodefici&#234;ncia humana&#41; positivos&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Em Portugal&#44; no ano de 2009&#44; foram diagnosticados 2565 casos novos de TB&#44; com uma incid&#234;ncia de 24&#44;1&#47;100<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>000 habitantes<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&#46; Em 2008&#44; a taxa de mortalidade nacional por TB foi de 5&#44;3&#37;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a>&#46; Na &#250;ltima d&#233;cada tem vindo a constatar-se um decr&#233;scimo m&#233;dio anual de 7&#44;3&#37; no total de casos&#46; Em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; preval&#234;ncia do S&#237;ndrome de Imunodefici&#234;ncia Adquirida &#40;SIDA&#41; nos doentes com o diagn&#243;stico de TB&#44; registaram-se&#44; em 2009&#44; 13&#37; de doentes coinfectados&#44; sendo esta a maior percentagem de todos os pa&#237;ses europeus que notificam esta associa&#231;&#227;o&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Um dos grandes problemas no combate a esta patologia &#233; a resist&#234;ncia do Mycobacterium tuberculosis &#40;Mt&#41; a v&#225;rios f&#225;rmacos antibacilares&#44; particularmente &#224; Isoniazida e &#224; Rifampicina&#44; definindo a maior amea&#231;a de sempre da TB &#8211; a multirresist&#234;ncia&#46; Em Mar&#231;o de 2006&#44; constatou-se uma forma ainda mais grave&#44; tamb&#233;m resistente aos antibacilares de segunda linha &#40;antibacilares de primeira linha e qualquer fluoroquinolona&#44; e a pelo menos um dos tr&#234;s f&#225;rmacos endovenosos&#58; capreomicina&#44; canamicina e amicacina&#41;&#44; a que foi dado o nome de TB extensivamente resistente &#40;TB XDR&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">De acordo com dados da OMS&#44; em 2007&#44; estimou-se existirem cerca de 500<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>000 casos de tuberculose multirresistente &#40;TB MR&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a>&#46; A n&#237;vel da Europa&#44; anualmente&#44; mais de 70<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>000 casos desenvolvem multirresist&#234;ncia<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Em Portugal&#44; a incid&#234;ncia de TB MR tem vindo a diminuir representando&#44; em m&#233;dia&#44; 1&#44;7&#37; do n&#250;mero total de casos de tuberculose em 2009 &#40;1&#44;2&#37; em casos novos e 7&#44;3&#37; em retratamentos&#41;&#44; com uma propor&#231;&#227;o compar&#225;vel &#224; m&#233;dia da Uni&#227;o Europeia&#46; Em Dezembro de 2009&#44; a preval&#234;ncia de TB MR era de 63 casos&#44; 24&#37; dos quais com crit&#233;rios de XDR<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Devido &#224; elevada preval&#234;ncia e incid&#234;ncia de TB em Portugal no fim do s&#233;culo <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">xx</span>&#44; o Servi&#231;o de Pneumologia do Hospital Pulido Valente criou&#44; em Abril de 1999&#44; uma Unidade exclusivamente dedicada ao internamento de doentes com TB&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Este trabalho teve como objectivo analisar a casu&#237;stica e os factores preditivos da mortalidade intra-hospitalar nesta Unidade&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Material e m&#233;todos</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os autores realizaram um estudo retrospectivo de todos os doentes internados com TB na Unidade de Tuberculose entre o dia 12 de Abril de 1999 e 30 de Setembro de 2009&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os crit&#233;rios para a admiss&#227;o na Unidade foram os seguintes&#58; formas graves de apresenta&#231;&#227;o&#44; presen&#231;a de comorbilidades&#44; reac&#231;&#245;es adversas graves iatrog&#233;nicas&#44; condi&#231;&#245;es s&#243;cio-econ&#243;micas prec&#225;rias e isolamento da TB MR&#47;XDR bacil&#237;fera&#46;</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Todos os dados utilizados no estudo foram obtidos a partir das notas de alta&#44; e os diagn&#243;sticos obedeceram &#224; Classifica&#231;&#227;o Internacional de Doen&#231;as&#44; 10&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span> Revis&#227;o &#40;ICD-10&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Efectua-se uma descri&#231;&#227;o da popula&#231;&#227;o e an&#225;lise das suas caracter&#237;sticas demogr&#225;ficas&#44; da classifica&#231;&#227;o de registo e notifica&#231;&#227;o da TB proposta pela OMS&#44; dos antecedentes de TB&#44; dos diagn&#243;sticos principais&#44; de comorbilidades&#44; das reac&#231;&#245;es adversas &#224; terap&#234;utica antibacilar&#44; dos padr&#245;es de sensibilidade&#44; da demora m&#233;dia&#44; do estado &#224; sa&#237;da e da mortalidade&#46;</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Para a an&#225;lise estat&#237;stica&#44; as diferen&#231;as entre os grupos de vari&#225;veis categoriais foram avaliadas atrav&#233;s do teste qui-quadrado &#40;X<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#41; e as vari&#225;veis num&#233;ricas atrav&#233;s do teste <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">t</span>&#46; Em rela&#231;&#227;o aos factores associados &#224; mortalidade&#44; foi realizada uma an&#225;lise de regress&#227;o log&#237;stica bin&#225;ria&#46; A aplica&#231;&#227;o utilizada foi o programa SPSS <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#40;Statistical Package for the Social Sciences&#41;</span>&#44; vers&#227;o 15&#46;0&#46; Os dados de regress&#227;o log&#237;stica s&#227;o apresentados com <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">odd ratios</span> ajustados &#40;ORA&#41;&#44; com os correspondentes intervalos de confian&#231;a &#40;IC&#41; de 95&#37; e os valores de p&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">No per&#237;odo entre 12 de Abril de 1999 e 30 de Setembro de 2009&#44; 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p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&#41;&#44; o que atesta o deficiente grau de imunidade daqueles doentes&#46;</p><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Comparando as formas de apresenta&#231;&#227;o de TB entre o grupo de doentes com VIH e os n&#227;o infectados por este v&#237;rus&#44; verificou-se que&#44; apesar da distribui&#231;&#227;o ser semelhante&#44; as formas de TB exclusivamente extra-pulmonares e as formas mistas s&#227;o muito mais frequentes entre os doentes VIH&#43; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Neste estudo&#44; constatou-se ainda que ocorreram reac&#231;&#245;es adversas &#224; terap&#234;utica em 213 doentes &#40;12&#37;&#41;&#46; As mais frequentes foram as hep&#225;ticas &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>102&#59; 47&#44;9&#37;&#41; e as de hipersensibilidade &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>61&#59; 28&#44;6&#37;&#41;&#46; A maioria das reac&#231;&#245;es adversas ocorreram nos esquemas terap&#234;uticos com HRZE &#40;Isoniazida&#43;Rifampicina<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Pirazinamida<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Etambuto&#41;&#46; &#201; importante salientar que as reac&#231;&#245;es adversas foram mais frequentes nos doentes com VIH &#40;13&#44;7&#37;&#41; do que nos n&#227;o infectados &#40;9&#44;7&#37;&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Foi poss&#237;vel obter os resultados dos testes de sensibilidade aos antibi&#243;ticos &#40;TSA&#41; em 1492 doentes &#40;77&#44;8&#37;&#41;&#46; Destes&#44; 1129 &#40;75&#44;7&#37;&#41; apresentavam sensibilidade a todos os antibacilares de primeira linha&#46; A monorresist&#234;ncia &#40;sobretudo &#224; estreptomicina&#41; foi encontrada em 131 doentes &#40;8&#44;8&#37;&#41; e a polirresist&#234;ncia apenas em 32 &#40;2&#44;1&#37;&#41;&#46; Em 98 doentes &#40;6&#44;6&#37;&#41;&#44; os TSA apresentavam um padr&#227;o de multirresist&#234;ncia &#40;MR&#41; e 102 doentes &#40;6&#44;8&#37;&#41; revelavam TB XDR&#46;</p><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Caracterizando melhor os doentes com TB MR&#44; cerca de 78 &#40;80&#37;&#41; eram de nacionalidade portuguesa&#44; 38 &#40;38&#44;8&#37;&#41; infectados com o VIH&#44; estando a toxicodepend&#234;ncia presente em 40 doentes &#40;40&#44;8&#37;&#41;&#46; A maioria correspondia a casos de retratamento &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>52&#59; 53&#44;1&#37;&#41;&#46; Neste grupo de doentes&#44; 70 &#40;71&#44;4&#37;&#41; tiveram alta devido a melhoria no quadro cl&#237;nico&#59; a taxa de mortalidade foi de 11&#37; &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>11&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">No que diz respeito &#224; TB XDR&#44; a maioria &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>86&#59; 84&#44;3&#37;&#41; era tamb&#233;m de nacionalidade portuguesa e 67 &#40;65&#44;7&#37;&#41; estavam infectados pelo VIH&#46; Ainda neste grupo&#44; 43 &#40;42&#44;2&#37;&#41; apresentavam h&#225;bitos toxicof&#237;licos&#46; Apenas 20 &#40;19&#44;6&#37;&#41; eram casos novos&#44; sendo os restantes 82 &#40;80&#44;4&#37;&#41; referentes a retratamentos&#46; Neste grupo de doentes&#44; 62 &#40;60&#44;8&#37;&#41; tiveram alta devido a melhoria no estado cl&#237;nico&#59; a taxa de mortalidade foi de 25&#44;5&#37; &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>26&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Comparando os doentes com e sem infec&#231;&#227;o VIH&#44; verificou-se que o n&#250;mero de TB XDR no primeiro grupo era 3&#44;6 vezes superior ao do segundo grupo &#40;10&#44;1&#37; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs</span> 2&#44;8&#37;&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Verificou-se que os casos de retratamento aumentaram 5&#44;6 vezes o risco de desenvolvimento de formas de TB MR ou XDR e a infec&#231;&#227;o VIH aumentou em 2&#44;3 vezes esse risco&#44; em rela&#231;&#227;o aos doentes com novos casos de TB&#46;</p><p id="par0170" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Abordando o estado dos doentes &#224; sa&#237;da&#44; 1636 doentes &#40;85&#44;3&#37;&#41; tiveram alta por melhoria do quadro cl&#237;nico&#46; Neste grupo de doentes&#44; 91&#44;9&#37; &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1504&#41; n&#227;o apresentavam resist&#234;ncias aos f&#225;rmacos antibacilares&#44; 4&#44;3&#37; &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>70&#41; eram casos de TB MR e apenas 3&#44;8&#37; &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>62&#41; eram casos de TB XDR&#46;</p><p id="par0175" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A demora m&#233;dia global de internamento foi de 28&#44;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>54&#44;8 dias&#44; sendo ligeiramente maior nas mulheres comparativamente &#224; dos homens&#44; mas sem significado estat&#237;stico &#40;30&#44;5 <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs</span> 27&#44;9 dias&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;16&#41;&#46; As demoras m&#233;dias de internamento analisadas de acordo com os padr&#245;es de sensibilidade&#44; assim como os respectivos n&#237;veis de signific&#226;ncia&#44; encontram-se representados na <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">figura 2</a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0180" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A demora m&#233;dia dos doentes com TB sem infec&#231;&#227;o VIH n&#227;o mostrou&#44; nesta amostra&#44; diferen&#231;as estatisticamente significativas relativamente aos coinfectados com o VIH &#40;28&#44;4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>45 <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs</span> 32&#44;9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>35&#44;1&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;093&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0185" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A taxa de mortalidade foi de 8&#44;6&#37; &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>165&#41;&#46; Dos falecidos&#44; 139 doentes &#40;84&#44;2&#37;&#41; eram do sexo masculino&#59; a m&#233;dia de idades foi significativamente superior em rela&#231;&#227;o aos doentes que tiveram alta &#40;48&#44;7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>17&#44;2 <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs</span> 42<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>14&#44;9 anos&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&#41; e a maioria n&#227;o apresentava antecedentes de TB &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>116&#59; 70&#44;3&#37;&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0190" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Dos 165 &#243;bitos&#44; verificou-se que 112 doentes &#40;68&#37;&#41; tinham tr&#234;s ou mais comorbilidades e 94 &#40;57&#37;&#41; estavam infectados pelo VIH&#44; sendo que 65 &#40;73&#37;&#41; apresentavam h&#225;bitos toxicof&#237;licos&#46;</p><p id="par0195" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Outras comorbilidades frequentemente encontradas entre os doentes falecidos foram o tromboembolismo pulmonar &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>17&#59; 10&#44;3&#37;&#41;&#44; a diabetes mellitus &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>15&#59; 9&#44;1&#37;&#41; e as neoplasias &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>14&#59; 8&#44;5&#37;&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0200" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Entre os doentes VIH&#43; falecidos&#44; a m&#233;dia de c&#233;lulas CD<span class="elsevierStyleInf">4</span> foi de 78&#44;3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>109&#44;4 c&#233;lulas&#47;mm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span>&#44; e entre os doentes VIH&#43; que n&#227;o faleceram essa m&#233;dia foi de 173&#44;2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>198 c&#233;lulas&#47;mm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span> &#40;diferen&#231;a com significado estat&#237;stico&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0205" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A an&#225;lise dos factores associados &#224; mortalidade intra-hospitalar consistiu num modelo de regress&#227;o log&#237;stica bin&#225;ria&#44; em que a vari&#225;vel dependente foi a mortalidade e as vari&#225;veis independentes foram o sexo masculino&#44; a infec&#231;&#227;o VIH&#44; a TB MR e a XDR&#46; Na <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">tabela 2</a> apresentam-se os resultados da an&#225;lise&#44; indicando-se os <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">odds ratios</span> ajustados e os respectivos intervalos de confian&#231;a&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0210" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os resultados mostram que a TB XDR e a infec&#231;&#227;o VIH tiveram maior impacto na sobrevida&#46; A TB MR e o sexo masculino tamb&#233;m foram significativamente relacionados com a probabilidade de morrer&#46;</p><p id="par0215" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os dados at&#233; aqui analisados corresponderam ao total dos internamentos durante os dez anos&#46; Os autores consideraram importante salientar os resultados divididos em dois grandes per&#237;odos &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">tabela 3</a>&#41;&#46; Nos &#250;ltimos cinco anos houve diminui&#231;&#227;o do n&#250;mero de internamentos &#40;mas sem diferen&#231;a estatisticamente significativa na demora m&#233;dia&#41;&#44; do n&#250;mero de doentes com infec&#231;&#227;o VIH&#44; do n&#250;mero de retratamentos&#44; dos casos de TB MR e XDR e da mortalidade intra-hospitalar&#46; Desta forma&#44; constata-se que&#44; actualmente&#44; h&#225; um melhor controlo da doen&#231;a&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Discuss&#227;o</span><p id="par0220" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Tal como seria de esperar&#44; e de acordo com a situa&#231;&#227;o epidemiol&#243;gica da TB em Portugal<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&#44; nesta Unidade a maioria dos casos foi registada em doentes do sexo masculino&#44; sendo a maior propor&#231;&#227;o em adultos jovens e indiv&#237;duos com piores condi&#231;&#245;es s&#243;cio-econ&#243;micas&#46;</p><p id="par0225" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A propor&#231;&#227;o de imigrantes neste estudo &#40;19&#44;8&#37;&#41; foi um pouco superior &#224; percentagem encontrada em 2009&#44; em Portugal &#40;15&#37;&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&#46; Provavelmente&#44; reflecte a maior necessidade de internamento destes doentes por falta de suporte s&#243;cio-econ&#243;mico&#46;</p><p id="par0230" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A import&#226;ncia da imigra&#231;&#227;o tem-se mostrado muito vari&#225;vel em diferentes casu&#237;sticas&#46; Salienta-se a realizada durante o ano de 2001 num hospital espanhol de Madrid<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> que apresentou apenas 9&#37; de imigrantes enquanto um estudo publicado por um hospital de Paris<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> revelou uma imigra&#231;&#227;o de 43&#44;6&#37;&#46;</p><p id="par0235" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Na nossa casu&#237;stica&#44; as formas de TB pulmonar foram as mais prevalentes&#44; apesar das extra-pulmonares terem um peso importante nos doentes VIH&#43;&#44; o que est&#225; de acordo com o descrito na literatura&#46; A TB miliar surge num lugar de destaque&#44; logo ap&#243;s as formas de TB pleural e ganglionar tor&#225;cica&#46;</p><p id="par0240" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Tal como foi referido na introdu&#231;&#227;o&#44; em 2009&#44; registaram-se em Portugal 13&#37; de casos de TB e SIDA&#46; Como seria de esperar&#44; a percentagem obtida nestes dez anos de funcionamento foi substancialmente superior &#40;34&#44;7&#37;&#41;&#44; n&#250;mero este facilmente justificado pela grande necessidade de internamento destes doentes&#46; Os valores de coinfec&#231;&#227;o publicados noutras casu&#237;sticas variaram entre os 6&#44;9&#37;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a>-43&#44;6&#37;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0245" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">No presente estudo&#44; a incid&#234;ncia de reac&#231;&#245;es adversas aos antibacilares &#40;12&#37;&#41; foi relevante&#44; sendo mais elevada do que em alguns estudos anteriormente publicados&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> Provavelmente este achado justifica-se pelo elevado n&#250;mero de comorbilidades associadas aos doentes da nossa casu&#237;stica&#46; Salienta-se que o alcoolismo foi uma comorbilidade de relevo nesta popula&#231;&#227;o estudada o que pode tamb&#233;m contribuir para o desenvolvimento de hepatotoxicidade pelos antibacilares&#46;</p><p id="par0250" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">&#201; not&#243;rio o elevado n&#250;mero de retratamentos &#40;26&#37;&#41;&#46; Chama-se a aten&#231;&#227;o para a necessidade de um controlo cada vez mais rigoroso dos doentes a fazer tratamento em ambulat&#243;rio e de obter uma boa ades&#227;o &#224; terap&#234;utica&#44; de forma tamb&#233;m a dificultar o desenvolvimento de estirpes multirresistentes&#46;</p><p id="par0255" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Por ser uma Unidade especialmente direccionada para o internamento de casos de TB MR&#47;XDR&#44; as taxas obtidas &#40;6&#44;6&#37; e 6&#44;8&#37;&#44; respectivamente&#41; foram muito superiores &#224;s dos dados nacionais &#40;2&#37;&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&#46; Em rela&#231;&#227;o a outras casu&#237;sticas<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8&#44;10&#8211;13</span></a>&#44; os nossos resultados foram quase sempre superiores&#44; sendo apenas inferiores &#224; casu&#237;stica apresentada num hospital de Madrid &#40;30&#37;&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0260" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A nossa demora m&#233;dia global &#40;28&#44;5 dias&#41; foi substancialmente superior &#224; de outros estudos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12&#44;13</span></a>&#44; provavelmente devido ao maior n&#250;mero de casos de TB MR e XDR internados e tamb&#233;m ao elevado n&#250;mero de comorbilidades&#46;</p><p id="par0265" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Comparativamente a outros estudos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14&#44;15</span></a>que referem uma taxa de mortalidade hospitalar entre os 5&#37;-30&#37;&#44; a taxa encontrada nesta Unidade &#40;8&#44;6&#37;&#41; foi pr&#243;xima dos melhores valores registados&#46; Salientam-se a casu&#237;stica de Madrid<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> com resultados muito semelhantes aos nossos &#40;9&#37;&#41; e a do Brasil<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> com valores bastante superiores &#40;18&#44;4&#37;&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0270" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A mortalidade foi sobretudo associada ao sexo masculino&#44; aos casos de coinfec&#231;&#227;o pelo VIH&#44; &#224; exist&#234;ncia de outras comorbilidades e &#224;s formas de TB MR e XDR&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclus&#245;es</span><p id="par0275" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Perante todos os dados obtidos neste estudo&#44; conclui-se que &#233; de extrema import&#226;ncia para o controlo dos casos de TB a exist&#234;ncia de rastreios nas faixas et&#225;rias jovens&#44; sobretudo quando associadas a determinados factores de risco&#44; tais como h&#225;bitos aditivos&#44; infec&#231;&#227;o pelo VIH&#44; condi&#231;&#245;es s&#243;cio-econ&#243;micas prec&#225;rias e imigra&#231;&#227;o de pa&#237;ses com alta preval&#234;ncia de TB&#46; Desta forma&#44; o controlo da TB necessita da manuten&#231;&#227;o de estruturas de apoio do ambulat&#243;rio&#46;</p><p id="par0280" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A exist&#234;ncia de unidades dedicadas exclusivamente ao internamento de formas de TB MR e XDR &#233; de uma import&#226;ncia crescente e extremamente actual&#46; Para tal&#44; s&#227;o necess&#225;rias reestrutura&#231;&#245;es nas unidades&#44; de forma a melhorar a qualidade dos isolamentos dos doentes&#46;</p><p id="par0285" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">&#201; fundamental que diferentes entidades &#40;respons&#225;veis governamentais&#44; administradores e cl&#237;nicos&#41; estejam envolvidas no controlo da infec&#231;&#227;o por TB para evitar a potencial transmiss&#227;o nosocomial dos casos de TB MR e XDR&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conflito de interesses</span><p id="par0290" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os autores declaram n&#227;o haver conflito de interesses&#46;</p></span></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Introdu&#231;&#227;o</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">O Servi&#231;o de Pneumologia de um Hospital Central de Lisboa criou uma Unidade dedicada exclusivamente ao internamento de casos de tuberculose &#40;TB&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objectivos</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">An&#225;lise casu&#237;stica e avalia&#231;&#227;o dos factores preditivos de mortalidade intra-hospitalar&#44; num per&#237;odo de dez anos&#46;</p></span> <span><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Material&#47;M&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudo retrospectivo&#44; entre Abril de 1999 e Setembro de 2009&#44; atrav&#233;s da aplica&#231;&#227;o SPSS &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Statistical Package for the Social Sciences</span>&#41; para a regress&#227;o log&#237;stica bin&#225;ria&#46;</p></span> <span><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Do total de 1917 doentes&#44; a maioria era do sexo masculino &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1450&#59; 76&#37;&#41;&#44; caucasiana &#40;76&#44;6&#37;&#41;&#44; com m&#233;dia de idades de 43<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>15&#44;2 anos&#44; e 19&#44;8&#37; de imigrantes&#46; Os retratamentos foram respons&#225;veis por 26&#37; dos internamentos&#46; A presen&#231;a de comorbilidades foi encontrada em 85&#44;7&#37;&#44; salientando-se a infec&#231;&#227;o pelo VIH &#40;34&#44;7&#37;&#41;&#46; A TB multirresistente &#40;MR&#41; e a extensivamente resistente &#40;XDR&#41; surgiram em 6&#44;6&#37; e 6&#44;8&#37;&#44; respectivamente&#46; A demora m&#233;dia foi de 28&#44;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>54&#44;8 dias e a taxa de mortalidade de 8&#44;6&#37;&#46; O risco de mortalidade foi maior entre os homens &#40;OR 1&#44;8&#59; IC<span class="elsevierStyleInf">95&#37;</span> 1&#44;16-2&#44;90&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;01&#41;&#44; nos doentes com infec&#231;&#227;o VIH &#40;OR 3&#44;7&#59; IC<span class="elsevierStyleInf">95&#37;</span> 2&#44;47-5&#44;49&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&#41;&#44; e nos que apresentaram TB MR &#40;OR 2&#44;5&#59; IC<span class="elsevierStyleInf">95&#37;</span> 1&#44;24-5&#44;15&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;01&#41; e XDR &#40;OR 5&#44;5&#59; IC<span class="elsevierStyleInf">95&#37;</span> 3&#44;14-9&#44;58&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclus&#245;es</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Uma elevada percentagem dos doentes apresentava comorbilidades&#44; nomeadamente a infec&#231;&#227;o VIH&#46; Os principais factores associados &#224; mortalidade foram a infec&#231;&#227;o VIH&#44; a TB XDR e a TB MR&#46;</p></span>"
      ]
      "en" => array:2 [
        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Introduction</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The Pulmonology Service of a Central Hospital in Lisbon created a Unit dedicated to the treatment of tuberculosis &#40;TB&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objectives</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Casuistic analysis and assessment of the predictive factors for in-hospital mortality&#44; over a 10-years period&#46;</p></span> <span><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Material&#47;Methods</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Retrospective study&#44; from April 1999 to September 2009&#44; through the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences application for binary logistic regression&#46;</p></span> <span><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">In a total of 1917 patients&#44; most were male &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1450&#59; 76&#37;&#41;&#44; Caucasian &#40;76&#46;6&#37;&#41;&#44; with an average age of 43<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>15&#46;2 years&#44; and 19&#46;8&#37; were immigrants&#46; The retreatments were responsible for 26&#37; of the hospitalizations&#46; The presence of comorbidities was detected in 85&#46;7&#37;&#44; particularly HIV infection &#40;34&#46;7&#37;&#41;&#46; The multidrug-resistant &#40;MDR&#41; and the extensively drug resistant &#40;XDR&#41; TB occurred in 6&#46;6&#37; and 6&#46;8&#37;&#44; respectively&#46; The average delay was 28&#46;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>54&#46;8 days&#44; with the mortality rate at 8&#46;6&#37;&#46; The mortality risk was more significant amongst men &#40;OR 1&#46;8&#59; 95&#37;CI 1&#46;16-2&#46;90&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;01&#41;&#44; in patients with HIV infection &#40;OR 3&#46;7&#59; 95&#37;CI 2&#46;47-5&#46;49&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;001&#41;&#44; and amongst those who presented MDR TB &#40;OR 2&#46;5&#59; 95&#37;CI 1&#46;24-5&#46;15&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;01&#41; and XDR TB &#40;OR 5&#46;5&#59; 95&#37;CI 3&#46;14-9&#46;58&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;001&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A high percentage of patients presented comorbidities&#44; namely HIV infection&#46; The main factors associated with mortality were HIV infection&#44; XDR TB and MDR TB&#46;</p></span>"
      ]
    ]
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          "pt" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Formas de apresenta&#231;&#227;o da TB entre o grupo de doentes sem infec&#231;&#227;o pelo VIH e o grupo de doentes infectados&#44; assim como os riscos relativos&#46;</p>"
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          "pt" => "<p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Demora m&#233;dia analisada de acordo com os padr&#245;es de sensibilidade e respectivos n&#237;veis de signific&#226;ncia&#46;</p>"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">VIH<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>v&#237;rus da imunodefici&#234;ncia humana&#59; TB<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Tuberculose&#59; SNC<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Sistema nervoso central&#59; OMS<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Organiza&#231;&#227;o Mundial da Sa&#250;de&#46;</p>"
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                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Caracter&#237;sticas dos doentes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Grupo et&#225;rio &#40;anos&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>16-24&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">151 &#40;7&#44;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>25-34&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">513 &#40;26&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>35-49&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">759 &#40;39&#44;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>50-70&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">368 &#40;19&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62; 71&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">126 &#40;6&#44;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Sexo</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Masculino&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1450 &#40;75&#44;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Feminino&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">467 &#40;24&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Infec&#231;&#227;o VIH</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Positivo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">665 &#40;34&#44;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Negativo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1252 &#40;65&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Local da infec&#231;&#227;o</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>TB Pulmonar&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1485 &#40;77&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>TB Extra-pulmonar&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">422 &#40;22&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Ganglionar&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">221 &#40;52&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Pleural&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">144 &#40;34&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Miliar&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">121 &#40;28&#44;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SNC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">23 &#40;5&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Lar&#237;ngea&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">17 &#40;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Outros&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">54 &#40;12&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Classifica&#231;&#227;o da OMS</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Casos novos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1418 &#40;74&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Retratamentos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">499 &#40;26&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Pa&#237;s de origem</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">380 &#40;19&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Angola&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">109 &#40;36&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Cabo Verde&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">98 &#40;32&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Guin&#233;-Bissau&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">58 &#40;19&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Mo&#231;ambique&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">16 &#40;5&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Sao Tom&#233; e Principe&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">13 &#40;4&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Outros&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">86 &#40;22&#44;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
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          "pt" => "<p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Caracter&#237;sticas dos 1917 doentes internados com tuberculose</p>"
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                            0 => "J&#46;A&#46; Cayl&#224;"
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                        "tituloSerie" => "Arch Bronconeumol"
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                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Relat&#243;rio do Observat&#243;rio Nacional das Doen&#231;as Respirat&#243;rias&#44; 2009&#46; &#40;<a href="http://www.ondr.org/relatorios_ondr.html">http&#58;&#47;&#47;www&#46;ondr&#46;org&#47;relatorios&#95;ondr&#46;html</a>&#41;&#46;"
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                  "referenciaCompleta" => "WHO report 2009&#46; Global tuberculosis control&#58; epidemiology&#44; strategy&#44; financing&#46; Geneva&#46; World Health Organization&#44; 2009&#46; &#40;WHO&#47;HTM&#47;TB&#47;2009&#46;411&#41;&#46;"
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                      "titulo" => "Tuberculosis epidemiological study in a third level hospital during 2001"
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                        "tituloSerie" => "Na Med Interna"
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                      "titulo" => "Twenty-five years of tuberculosis in a French university hospital&#58; a laboratory perspective"
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                          "autores" => array:6 [
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Article information
ISSN: 08732159
Original language: Portuguese
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