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crit&#233;rios de diagn&#243;stico&#44; t&#233;cnicas e metodologias epidemiol&#243;gicas aplicadas&#46; De forma semelhante&#44; as estimativas sobre a preval&#234;ncia de ins&#243;nia dependem dos crit&#233;rios aplicados na sua defini&#231;&#227;o e&#44; mais importante&#44; do tipo de popula&#231;&#227;o em estudo<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&#46; Sintomas de ins&#243;nia ocorrem em&#44; aproximadamente&#44; 33&#37; a 50&#37; da popula&#231;&#227;o adulta&#59; sintomas de ins&#243;nia causadores de ang&#250;stia e preju&#237;zo para o doente &#40;ou seja&#44; perturba&#231;&#227;o de ins&#243;nia geral&#41; em 10&#37; a 15&#37;&#59; e perturba&#231;&#245;es de ins&#243;nia espec&#237;fica em 5&#37; a 10&#37;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#8211;5</span></a>&#46; A ins&#243;nia&#44; entidade complexa e multifactorial&#44; tem sido descrita como um processo psicol&#243;gico&#44; com uma importante componente fisiol&#243;gica&#44; como a activa&#231;&#227;o do sistema nervoso central ou aumento da actividade despertar ou <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">arousal</span> durante o sono<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#8211;8</span></a>&#46; Alguns autores sugerem que tais despertares podem ser inatos ou determinados geneticamente&#44; constituindo um substrato sobre o qual v&#225;rios factores externos&#44; como o <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">stress</span>&#44; podem actuar&#44; agravando a ins&#243;nia<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9&#8211;11</span></a>&#46; Apesar da elevada preval&#234;ncia deste sintoma e das suas significativas consequ&#234;ncias psicossociais&#44; a evid&#234;ncia existente sobre as potenciais interac&#231;&#245;es ou associa&#231;&#245;es entre os dois dist&#250;rbios &#8211; SAOS e ins&#243;nia &#8211; &#233; escassa&#46; Alguns estudos demonstraram que 40&#37; a 50&#37; dos doentes com dist&#250;rbio respirat&#243;rio do sono apresentam sintomas de ins&#243;nia significativos antes de iniciar qualquer tipo de tratamento dirigido<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#44;12&#8211;16</span></a>&#46; Chung<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a> documentou uma preval&#234;ncia de ins&#243;nia inicial&#44; interm&#233;dia&#44; e final de 6&#37;&#44; 26&#37; e 19&#37;&#44; respectivamente&#44; em doentes com SAOS&#44; salientando que os doentes com ins&#243;nia inicial apresentavam &#237;ndices de apneia-hipopneia &#40;IAH&#41; e de despertares significativamente inferiores&#46; Apesar da ins&#243;nia constituir uma queixa importante nos doentes avaliados por SAOS&#44; alguns autores defendem que estes dois dist&#250;rbios n&#227;o est&#227;o significativamente associados<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17&#44;18</span></a>&#46; Contudo&#44; outros estudos sugerem que a ins&#243;nia&#44; ao constituir uma comorbilidade nos doentes com SAOS&#44; pode contribuir para o aumento da gravidade desta &#250;ltima&#44; diminui&#231;&#227;o da ades&#227;o ao seu tratamento&#44; e que os doentes com ambas as perturba&#231;&#245;es podem desenvolver com maior frequ&#234;ncia sentimentos de depress&#227;o&#44; ansiedade e nervosismo<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13&#44;19&#8211;21</span></a>&#46; Tendo em conta a importante sobreposi&#231;&#227;o de sintomas entre doentes com ins&#243;nia e SAOS&#44; a avalia&#231;&#227;o e tratamento destas duas condi&#231;&#245;es pode constituir um desafio que requer a colabora&#231;&#227;o multidisciplinar de especialistas na &#225;rea do sono&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Apesar dos dados inconclusivos e&#44; por vezes contradit&#243;rios&#44; relativamente &#224; associa&#231;&#227;o entre ins&#243;nia e SAOS n&#227;o tratada&#44; &#233; inilud&#237;vel de que ambas podem ocorrer simultaneamente <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">ad initium</span>&#46; Contudo&#44; tem sido observado na pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica que doentes com SAOS&#44; sem ins&#243;nia pr&#233;via&#44; desenvolvem este sintoma ap&#243;s o in&#237;cio de tratamento com suporte ventilat&#243;rio nocturno &#40;SVN&#41;&#46; No presente contexto&#44; surge a designa&#231;&#227;o de ins&#243;nia <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">de novo</span> &#40;IN&#41;&#46; Assim&#44; os autores definiram como objectivos do presente estudo a determina&#231;&#227;o da preval&#234;ncia de IN em doentes com SAOS sob SVN e dos factores de risco associados&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Material e m&#233;todos</span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Popula&#231;&#227;o em estudo</span><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os autores desenharam um estudo descritivo transversal que incluiu 80 doentes com SAOS&#44; diagnosticada por poligrafia cardio-respirat&#243;ria e&#47;ou polissonografia &#40;PSG&#41;&#44; seguidos no Departamento de Patologia Respirat&#243;ria do Sono do Hospital de S&#227;o Jo&#227;o&#46; A gravidade da SAOS foi classificada em ligeira &#40;IAH&#58; 5-15&#47;h&#41;&#44; moderada &#40;IAH&#58; 15-30&#47;h&#41;&#44; e grave &#40;IAH&#58; &#62;30&#47;h&#41;&#44; de acordo com os crit&#233;rios definidos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a>&#46; Todos os doentes estavam sob SVN&#44; com press&#227;o positiva nas vias a&#233;reas ajustada por modo autom&#225;tico &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">auto-adjusting positive airway pressure</span> &#40;APAP&#41;&#41;&#44; modo fixo &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">fixed continuous-PAP</span> &#40;CPAP&#41;&#41; ou bi-n&#237;vel &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">bi-level PAP</span> &#40;BiPAP&#41;&#41;&#44; atrav&#233;s de v&#225;rios modelos de ventiladores de diferentes fabricantes &#40;Goodknight<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span> 420 Evolution &#91;Tyco&#93;&#59; S8 AutoSet Spirit<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span> II &#91;ResMed&#93;&#59; REMstar<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span> Auto &#91;Respironics&#93;&#59; iSleep20&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span> &#91;Breas&#93;&#59; Goodknight<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span> 425 ST &#91;Tyco&#93;&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os crit&#233;rios de exclus&#227;o foram os seguintes&#58; doentes sob medica&#231;&#227;o ansiol&#237;tica e&#47;ou antidepressiva&#59; com perda ponderal superior ou igual a 10&#37;&#59; e com sintomas sugestivos de s&#237;ndrome das pernas inquietas &#40;SPI&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O presente estudo foi aprovado pela Comiss&#227;o de &#201;tica do Hospital de S&#227;o Jo&#227;o&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Desenho do estudo</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Foram analisadas na popula&#231;&#227;o total vari&#225;veis demogr&#225;ficas &#40;g&#233;nero e idade&#41;&#44; escala de sonol&#234;ncia de Epworth &#40;ESE&#41; basal e actual&#44; gravidade da SAOS&#44; ins&#243;nia pr&#233;via e IN&#44; subtipos de IN&#44; dura&#231;&#227;o do tratamento e respectiva ades&#227;o&#44; n&#250;mero de horas de sono pr&#233;vias e actuais&#44; e a presen&#231;a de uma personalidade ansiosa&#47;depressiva&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A ins&#243;nia pr&#233;via ao tratamento da SAOS foi considerada presente perante as respostas &#8220;frequentemente&#8221; &#40;4&#41; ou &#8220;sempre&#8221; &#40;5&#41; &#224; quest&#227;o &#8220;Eu sinto que tenho ins&#243;nia&#8221; constante no inqu&#233;rito sobre perturba&#231;&#245;es do sono - <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Sleep Disorders Questionnaire</span> &#40;SDQ&#41; &#40;vers&#227;o 1&#46;02&#44; portuguesa&#41; - aplicado na consulta inicial<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Ap&#243;s o in&#237;cio do tratamento&#44; a presen&#231;a de ins&#243;nia foi avaliada atrav&#233;s do inqu&#233;rito - <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">SleepMed Insomnia Index Questionnaire</span> &#40;SMIIQ&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a>&#46; Este consiste num novo question&#225;rio&#44; desenhado para estimar rapidamente os sintomas de ins&#243;nia&#44; de forma simples e sistematizada&#44; o qual ainda n&#227;o foi validado&#44; apesar do elevado grau de fiabilidade&#44; tal como demonstrado previamente<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a>&#46; O SMIIQ engloba 10 quest&#245;es formuladas para avaliar factores importantes relacionados com o sono&#44; nomeadamente a lat&#234;ncia ao mesmo&#44; o efeito da ansiedade e de circunst&#226;ncias diferentes &#40;local&#47;cama&#41; do habitual&#44; a frequ&#234;ncia dos despertares nocturnos&#44; a capacidade de voltar a adormecer ap&#243;s um despertar&#44; a dura&#231;&#227;o total do sono&#44; a percep&#231;&#227;o da qualidade do sono&#44; e o impacto da mesma nas actividades do dia seguinte&#46; A IN foi considerada presente perante uma pontua&#231;&#227;o de SMIIQ &#62; 20&#44; sem a evid&#234;ncia de ins&#243;nia pr&#233;via&#46; A IN foi classificada em inicial&#44; interm&#233;dia&#44; e final&#44; de acordo com a descri&#231;&#227;o dos sintomas&#46; A ades&#227;o ao tratamento foi avaliada atrav&#233;s dos dados fornecidos pelo <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">software</span> do ventilador&#44; nomeadamente a percentagem do total de dias de uso&#44; o n&#250;mero m&#233;dio de horas por noite&#44; a press&#227;o fornecida em 90&#37; do tempo &#40;P<span class="elsevierStyleInf">90</span>&#41;&#44; quando aplicado&#44; e o IAH residual&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O SDQ tamb&#233;m foi usado na avalia&#231;&#227;o do tipo de personalidade ansiosa&#47;depressiva&#44; a qual foi considerada presente perante as pontua&#231;&#245;es 4 e 5 &#224;s quest&#245;es &#8220;O meu sono &#233; perturbado por tristeza ou depress&#227;o&#8221; e &#8220;O meu sono &#233; perturbado por preocupa&#231;&#245;es com as coisas&#8221;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a>&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A an&#225;lise estat&#237;stica foi realizada atrav&#233;s do programa SPSS&#44; vers&#227;o 17 &#40;SPSS Inc&#46;&#44; Chicago&#44; Illinois&#44; USA&#41;&#46; As vari&#225;veis quantitativas foram expressas em mediana e intervalo interquartil &#40;IIQ&#41; &#40;com distribui&#231;&#227;o n&#227;o normal&#41; e as vari&#225;veis qualitativas em contagens e propor&#231;&#245;es&#46; A compara&#231;&#227;o de propor&#231;&#245;es foi feita atrav&#233;s dos testes Qui-quadrado ou de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Fisher</span>&#44; quando indicado&#46; A compara&#231;&#227;o dos valores medianos das vari&#225;veis quantitativas&#44; entre os doentes com e sem IN&#44; foi feita atrav&#233;s dos testes n&#227;o param&#233;tricos <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mann-Whitney</span> ou <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Kruskal-Wallis</span> para vari&#225;veis independentes&#46; Um valor de p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;05 foi considerado estatisticamente significativo&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A mediana de idades dos doentes inclu&#237;dos foi de 60&#44;0 &#40;IIQ 10&#44;0&#41; anos&#44; e 82&#44;5&#37; eram do sexo masculino&#46; O IAH inicial mediano foi de 44&#44;1 &#40;IIQ 22&#44;4&#41;&#47;h&#44; reflectindo a gravidade da doen&#231;a &#40;ligeira&#58; 1&#44;2&#37; &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#41;&#59; moderada&#58; 17&#44;5&#37; &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>14&#41;&#59; grave&#58; 81&#44;3&#37; &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>65&#41;&#41;&#46; O valor basal mediano da ESE foi de 12&#44;5 &#40;IIQ 9&#44;0&#41;&#44; sendo o m&#237;nimo e m&#225;ximo de 0 e 24&#44; respectivamente&#46; A maioria dos doentes &#40;91&#44;3&#37;&#59; n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>73&#41; estava sob APAP e os restantes sob CPAP fixo &#40;7&#44;5&#37;&#59; n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>6&#41; e BiPAP &#40;1&#44;2&#37;&#59; n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#41;&#46; Os valores medianos de P<span class="elsevierStyleInf">90</span> e press&#227;o fixa foram de 10&#44;2 &#40;IIQ 3&#44;2&#41; cmH<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O e 10&#44;5 &#40;IIQ 4&#44;1&#41; cmH<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O&#44; respectivamente&#46; Os valores de press&#227;o positiva na via a&#233;rea inspirat&#243;ria &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">inspiratory-PAP</span> &#40;IPAP&#41;&#41; e expirat&#243;ria &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">expiratory-PAP</span> &#40;EPAP&#41;&#41; do doente sob BiPAP foram de 18 e 12<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cmH<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O&#44; respectivamente&#46; O per&#237;odo mediano de tempo de uso de SVN foi de 26&#44;0 &#40;IIQ 34&#44;0&#41; meses&#46;</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A ins&#243;nia pr&#233;via ao uso de SVN estava presente em 30&#37; dos doentes &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>24&#41;&#44; 11 dos quais apresentaram resolu&#231;&#227;o deste sintoma ap&#243;s o in&#237;cio do tratamento&#46;</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Ap&#243;s a exclus&#227;o dos doentes com ins&#243;nia pr&#233;via&#44; os autores analisaram os restantes 56 doentes&#44; estratificando-os em dois grupos de acordo com a presen&#231;a de IN&#46; A preval&#234;ncia de IN foi de 21&#44;4&#37; &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>12&#41;&#46; Os subtipos de IN est&#227;o descritos na <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">figura 1</a>&#46; A maioria dos doentes com IN estava sob APAP &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10&#41;&#44; e 2 sob CPAP fixo e BiPAP&#44; respectivamente&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">N&#227;o foram encontradas diferen&#231;as estatisticamente significativas entre ambos os grupos&#44; no que se refere ao g&#233;nero &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;433&#41;&#44; idade &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;826&#41;&#44; personalidade ansiosa&#47;depressiva &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;443&#41;&#44; gravidade da SAOS &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;842&#41;&#44; efic&#225;cia terap&#234;utica avaliada atrav&#233;s do IAH residual &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;596&#41;&#44; e n&#250;mero pr&#233;vio e actual de horas de sono &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;05&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">tabela 1</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O valor basal mediano da ESE foi inferior nos doentes com IN&#44; contudo a diferen&#231;a n&#227;o foi estatisticamente significativa &#40;com IN&#58; 11&#44;0 &#40;IIQ 11&#44;0&#41; versus sem IN&#58; 12&#44;0 &#40;IIQ 6&#44;0&#41;&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;667&#41;&#46; A varia&#231;&#227;o entre os valores actuais e basais da ESE tamb&#233;m n&#227;o foi estatisticamente significativa entre ambos os grupos &#40;com IN&#58; &#8722; 5&#44;0 &#40;IIQ 7&#44;8&#41; versus sem IN&#58; &#8722; 6&#44;0 &#40;IIQ 7&#44;5&#41;&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;502&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">tabela 2</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Relativamente &#224; terap&#234;utica&#44; os doentes com IN estavam sob SVN h&#225; menos tempo &#40;22&#44;0 &#40;IIQ 30&#44;5&#41; meses versus 26&#44;0 &#40;IIQ 36&#44;8&#41; meses&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;447&#41; e dormiam menos horas &#40;6&#44;5 &#40;IIQ 2&#44;3&#41; horas&#47;noite versus 7&#44;0 &#40;IIQ 1&#44;5&#41; horas&#47;noite&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;408&#41;&#44; apesar de aus&#234;ncia de significado estat&#237;stico &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">tabela 1</a>&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Foi encontrada uma rela&#231;&#227;o negativa estatisticamente significativa entre a IN e a P<span class="elsevierStyleInf">90</span> &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;040&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">tabela 1</a>&#41;&#44; contudo n&#227;o se verificou nenhuma diferen&#231;a estatisticamente significativa ao comparar os subtipos de IN pelos valores medianos de P<span class="elsevierStyleInf">90</span> &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;067&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0020">tabela 3</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0020"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Discuss&#227;o</span><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">De acordo com estudos pr&#233;vios&#44; a avalia&#231;&#227;o de sintomas de ins&#243;nia deve fazer parte da abordagem dos dist&#250;rbios respirat&#243;rios do sono antes do in&#237;cio da terap&#234;utica&#44; devido &#224; sua elevada preval&#234;ncia e impacto na qualidade do sono<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12&#8211;17&#44;19&#44;20</span></a>&#46; No presente grupo de doentes com SAOS&#44; a preval&#234;ncia de ins&#243;nia pr&#233;via foi de 30&#37;&#44; valor ligeiramente inferior comparativamente com o descrito na literatura&#44; o que pode ser justificado pelo reduzido tamanho da amostra&#44; uma limita&#231;&#227;o potencial do estudo&#46; Alguns autores advogam a necessidade de realizar mais estudos sobre a rela&#231;&#227;o entre a ins&#243;nia manifestada por doentes com SAOS e sob SVN<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12&#44;14&#44;16</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Consider&#225;mos igualmente importante a avalia&#231;&#227;o de IN em doentes com SAOS&#44; atendendo &#224; crescente constata&#231;&#227;o de que alguns desses doentes&#44; sem ins&#243;nia pr&#233;via ao SVN&#44; desenvolvem esse sintoma ap&#243;s o in&#237;cio do mesmo&#46; Na popula&#231;&#227;o em estudo&#44; a preval&#234;ncia de IN foi de 21&#44;4&#37;&#46; De forma a obviar a subjectividade inerente a este sintoma&#44; os autores avaliaram a ins&#243;nia pr&#233;- e p&#243;s-tratamento atrav&#233;s de instrumentos de trabalho fi&#225;veis&#44; como o SDQ e o SMIIQ&#44; respectivamente<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23&#44;24</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os doentes sob medica&#231;&#227;o ansiol&#237;tica e&#47;ou antidepressiva foram exclu&#237;dos&#44; na medida em que estes f&#225;rmacos poderiam influenciar o pr&#243;prio desenvolvimento de sintomas de ins&#243;nia&#44; bem como aqueles doentes com registo de perda ponderal superior ou igual a 10&#37;&#44; facto que poderia alterar a gravidade do dist&#250;rbio respirat&#243;rio do sono&#46; Os autores tamb&#233;m exclu&#237;ram doentes com SPI&#44; de acordo com os crit&#233;rios de diagn&#243;stico estabelecidos pelo <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group</span>&#44; atendendo a que este dist&#250;rbio pode induzir sintomas de ins&#243;nia&#44; nomeadamente dificuldade em adormecer e manter o sono<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25&#44;26</span></a>&#46; Neste contexto&#44; os autores tamb&#233;m salientam que os doentes inclu&#237;dos n&#227;o apresentavam complica&#231;&#245;es m&#233;dicas <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">major</span> &#40;digestivas&#44; genito-urin&#225;rias&#44; end&#243;crinas&#44; m&#250;sculo-esquel&#233;ticas&#44; pulmonares&#44; cardiovasculares&#44; etc&#41; nem outros dist&#250;rbios do sono &#40;movimentos peri&#243;dicos dos membros inferiores&#44; perturba&#231;&#245;es do ritmo circadiano&#44; etc&#41;&#44; bem como hist&#243;ria de abuso de subst&#226;ncias aditivas&#44; que pudessem afectar o desenvolvimento de ins&#243;nia&#46;</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A an&#225;lise comparativa entre os dois grupos&#44; com e sem IN&#44; s&#243; incluiu 56 doentes&#44; ap&#243;s a exclus&#227;o dos 24 com ins&#243;nia pr&#233;via&#44; dada a possibilidade destes constitu&#237;rem um factor de confundimento&#46;</p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Na popula&#231;&#227;o em geral&#44; a ins&#243;nia &#233; mais prevalente nas mulheres e com o aumento da idade<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;5&#44;27</span></a>&#46; No presente estudo&#44; n&#227;o foi encontrada nenhuma associa&#231;&#227;o com o g&#233;nero e a idade&#44; o que pode ser justificado pelo predom&#237;nio do g&#233;nero masculino e pela idade homog&#233;nea da popula&#231;&#227;o&#44; mas tamb&#233;m pelo seu pequeno tamanho amostral&#46; Por outro lado&#44; os autores podem especular sobre a exist&#234;ncia de diferentes mecanismos patog&#233;nicos subjacentes &#224; IN associada ao SVN&#44; nomeadamente a exist&#234;ncia de despertares relacionados com as varia&#231;&#245;es de press&#227;o&#46;</p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os factores psicol&#243;gicos e a ins&#243;nia est&#227;o interligados&#44; na medida em que 40&#37; dos doentes com ins&#243;nia apresentam uma perturba&#231;&#227;o psicol&#243;gica concomitante<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;5&#44;28</span></a>&#46; Neste contexto&#44; a ansiedade e a depress&#227;o poderiam influenciar o desenvolvimento de ins&#243;nia&#44; contudo nesta amostra essa rela&#231;&#227;o n&#227;o foi estatisticamente significativa&#46; De qualquer forma&#44; a avalia&#231;&#227;o da ansiedade e depress&#227;o poderia estar subestimada&#44; pois estas caracter&#237;sticas da personalidade n&#227;o foram avaliadas atrav&#233;s da aplica&#231;&#227;o de question&#225;rios espec&#237;ficos nem por profissionais especializados nesta &#225;rea&#46;</p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os doentes com e sem IN apresentaram valores basais de ESE semelhantes&#44; sendo tamb&#233;m similar a varia&#231;&#227;o entre os respectivos valores p&#243;s- e pr&#233;-tratamento&#46; Assim&#44; parece que nestes doentes a hipers&#243;nia&#44; n&#227;o est&#225; relacionada com o desenvolvimento de ins&#243;nia&#44; mas sim com a pr&#243;pria SAOS&#44; tal como j&#225; demonstrado na literatura<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17&#44;22&#44;29</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">N&#227;o foram encontradas diferen&#231;as relativamente &#224; avalia&#231;&#227;o da ades&#227;o terap&#234;utica&#44; a qual foi favor&#225;vel em ambos os grupos&#46; Contudo&#44; o grupo com IN apresentava menor dura&#231;&#227;o do tratamento e dormia menos horas por noite&#46;</p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os autores especulam que a adapta&#231;&#227;o a este tratamento nocturno constitua um factor de agravamento da qualidade do sono&#46; Possivelmente&#44; o SVN causa frustra&#231;&#227;o e fragmenta&#231;&#227;o do sono&#44; aumentando as dificuldades relacionadas com o mesmo&#46; Tal pode tamb&#233;m explicar o predom&#237;nio dos subtipos de ins&#243;nia inicial e&#47;ou interm&#233;dia&#44; reflectindo as dificuldades deste doentes em iniciar e manter o sono&#46;</p><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Na presente amostra&#44; a maioria dos doentes com IN estava sob APAP &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10&#41;&#46; Os dispositivos APAP foram concebidos de forma a ajustar continuamente a press&#227;o aplicada na via a&#233;rea para um n&#237;vel &#243;ptimo&#44; de acordo com um algoritmo&#44; minimizando assim os requisitos da press&#227;o m&#233;dia durante a noite dos doentes com SAOS&#46; Atendendo a que as altera&#231;&#245;es da press&#227;o ocorrem durante a noite&#44; alguns autores postularam que estes dispositivos podem&#44; de facto&#44; aumentar a fragmenta&#231;&#227;o do sono&#44; justificando algumas das diferen&#231;as relativas &#224; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">performance</span> do CPAP e APAP&#44; n&#227;o relacionadas&#44; contudo&#44; com a melhoria dos sintomas e de &#237;ndices da SAOS&#44; como o IAH residual&#44; tal como observado na popula&#231;&#227;o estudada<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30&#8211;32</span></a>&#46; Apesar da frequ&#234;ncia de microdespertares e fragmenta&#231;&#227;o do sono induzida pelo APAP parecer ser baixa<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">31</span></a>&#44; tal pode explicar o desenvolvimento de ins&#243;nia ap&#243;s o in&#237;cio do tratamento&#46;</p><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os autores encontraram uma rela&#231;&#227;o negativa estatisticamente significativa entre a IN e a P<span class="elsevierStyleInf">90</span>&#46; Este resultado n&#227;o pode ser explicado pela gravidade da SAOS<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22&#44;33</span></a>&#44; na medida em que o IAH inicial n&#227;o diferiu entre ambos os grupos&#46; Adicionalmente&#44; o grupo com IN estava a ser eficazmente tratado&#44; tal como demonstrado pelo IAH residual&#44; n&#227;o podendo esta rela&#231;&#227;o ser explicada pela exist&#234;ncia de eventos respirat&#243;rios n&#227;o resolvidos&#46; Os autores podem especular sobre o n&#250;mero de despertares como poss&#237;vel causa desta rela&#231;&#227;o&#44; dado que os doentes n&#227;o foram monitorizados com PSG ap&#243;s o in&#237;cio do tratamento&#46; Al&#233;m disso&#44; como os doentes com ins&#243;nia est&#227;o acordados durante maior per&#237;odo de tempo comparativamente aos doentes sem ins&#243;nia&#44; n&#227;o apresentam tantos eventos obstrutivos para resolver&#44; justificando assim a menor press&#227;o fornecida pelo dispositivo&#46; Apesar do presente trabalho n&#227;o ter sido desenhado para estudar doentes com ins&#243;nia pr&#233;via&#44; e a influ&#234;ncia do SVN neste sintoma&#44; os autores verificaram que o valor mediano da P<span class="elsevierStyleInf">90</span> foi superior naqueles que mantiveram a ins&#243;nia &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>13&#41; comparativamente com aqueles em que se constatou resolu&#231;&#227;o do mesmo &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>11&#41;&#44; apesar da aus&#234;ncia de significado estat&#237;stico &#40;dados n&#227;o apresentados&#41;&#46; Esta eleva&#231;&#227;o da P<span class="elsevierStyleInf">90</span> em doentes com ins&#243;nia pode sugerir que na etiologia da ins&#243;nia pr&#233;via e IN est&#227;o envolvidos diferentes mecanismos fisiopatol&#243;gicos&#46;</p><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Como limita&#231;&#245;es do presente estudo&#44; os autores salientam o reduzido tamanho amostral e a falta de uniformidade relativamente ao n&#250;mero de doentes inclu&#237;do em cada um dos grupos analisados&#46; Foi inclu&#237;do um n&#250;mero limitado de doentes com SAOS&#44; contudo os autores argumentam que o objectivo original deste estudo foi primariamente explorat&#243;rio&#44; de forma a confirmar uma suspeita cl&#237;nica&#44; ou seja&#44; o desenvolvimento de ins&#243;nia associada ao tratamento da SAOS&#44; n&#227;o mencionada na literatura at&#233; &#224; data&#46; Considerando os dados agora dispon&#237;veis&#44; os autores acreditam que tal consiste numa &#225;rea importante que requer mais investiga&#231;&#227;o&#44; de forma a identificar outros potenciais factores preditivos e mecanismos patog&#233;nicos&#46; Adicionalmente&#44; os autores podem especular sobre o facto de se terem aplicado diferentes ferramentas para avalia&#231;&#227;o da ins&#243;nia antes e depois do in&#237;cio de SVN&#46; A aplica&#231;&#227;o do mesmo question&#225;rio poderia ter obviado a falta de uniformidade relativa a esta quest&#227;o metodol&#243;gica&#46; A inten&#231;&#227;o de usar o SMIIQ teve por base uma melhor caracteriza&#231;&#227;o dos doentes com IN ap&#243;s a sua identifica&#231;&#227;o&#46; Contudo&#44; a amostra &#8220;final&#8221; incluiu somente 56 doentes&#44; j&#225; que os 24 doentes com ins&#243;nia pr&#233;via foram exclu&#237;dos&#44; restando somente 12 com IN&#46; Assim&#44; os autores pensam que esta investiga&#231;&#227;o das caracter&#237;sticas da IN deva ser realizada num grupo maior de doentes&#46; A aplica&#231;&#227;o do SMIIQ&#44; n&#227;o complementada pela <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Sleep Matrix</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a>&#44; tamb&#233;m pode ser question&#225;vel&#44; considerando o diagn&#243;stico diferencial entre ins&#243;nia e outros dist&#250;rbios do sono&#46; Contudo&#44; os autores salientam que o principal objectivo deste trabalho consistiu em avaliar um tipo de ins&#243;nia associada ao uso de SVN&#44; e n&#227;o relacionada com a pr&#243;pria SAOS&#46; Neste contexto&#44; o SMIIQ foi somente aplicado para rastrear a presen&#231;a de ins&#243;nia &#40;pontua&#231;&#227;o &#62; 20&#41;&#44; de forma f&#225;cil e r&#225;pida&#44; atendendo &#224; sua elevada fiabilidade nos doentes com ins&#243;nia&#44; estando a determina&#231;&#227;o da <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Sleep Matrix</span> muito para al&#233;m dos objectivos definidos&#44; o que poderia tornar a interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos resultados mais complexa&#46; Adicionalmente&#44; tal como representado na <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">tabela 2</a>&#44; o valor basal mediano da ESE nos doentes com IN n&#227;o foi superior a 11&#44; o que poderia apontar para o desenvolvimento de IN independente da SAOS e de outros dist&#250;rbios do sono&#46;</p><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Outra potencial limita&#231;&#227;o do estudo consiste na falta de caracteriza&#231;&#227;o do tempo que mediou entre o in&#237;cio de SVN e o desenvolvimento de queixas de ins&#243;nia&#46; Contudo&#44; &#233; de salientar que o SMIIQ s&#243; foi aplicado na consulta de seguimento dos 3 meses ou superior&#44; e que esses doentes n&#227;o apresentavam ins&#243;nia pr&#233;via&#44; nem desenvolveram qualquer comorbilidade &#40;patologia m&#233;dica ou abuso de subst&#226;ncia&#41; ap&#243;s o in&#237;cio de SVN&#44; o que poderia influenciar o desenvolvimento de queixas de ins&#243;nia&#46;</p><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Mais uma vez&#44; os autores salientam a falta de ferramentas adequadas para a avalia&#231;&#227;o das caracter&#237;sticas da personalidade destes doentes&#44; como ansiedade ou depress&#227;o&#44; pelas raz&#245;es j&#225; previamente mencionadas&#44; contudo esta limita&#231;&#227;o ter&#225; sido minimizada atrav&#233;s da exclus&#227;o dos doentes com ins&#243;nia pr&#233;via&#44; os quais poderiam apresentar concomitantemente uma personalidade ansiosa n&#227;o revelada pelas respostas &#224;s quest&#245;es do SDQ relativas a esta tem&#225;tica psicol&#243;gica&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclus&#245;es</span><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os doentes com SAOS sob SVN apresentaram uma preval&#234;ncia elevada de IN &#40;21&#44;4&#37;&#41;&#46; O g&#233;nero&#44; a idade&#44; a gravidade da SAOS&#44; a ades&#227;o ao tratamento e a presen&#231;a de uma personalidade ansiosa&#47;depressiva n&#227;o estiveram associados ao desenvolvimento de IN&#46; Os doentes com IN necessitaram de n&#237;veis inferiores de press&#227;o de SVN&#46; Ser&#227;o necess&#225;rios mais estudos&#44; prolongados no tempo e de maior tamanho amostral&#44; para determinar a exist&#234;ncia de IN&#44; como uma &#8220;entidade&#8221; independente ou secund&#225;ria ao uso de SVN&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conflitos de interesse</span><p id="par0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os autores declaram n&#227;o haver conflitos de interesse&#46;</p></span></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Introdu&#231;&#227;o</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A ins&#243;nia de novo &#40;IN&#41; associada ao uso do suporte ventilat&#243;rio nocturno &#40;SVN&#41; tem sido uma realidade constatada na pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica&#44; contudo &#233; de salientar a escassez de dados referentes &#224; sua preval&#234;ncia&#46; O nosso objectivo consistiu em determinar a preval&#234;ncia de IN e seus factores de risco em doentes com s&#237;ndrome de apneia obstrutiva do sono &#40;SAOS&#41; sob SVN&#46;</p></span> <span><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Material e m&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudo descritivo transversal que incluiu 80 doentes com SAOS sob SVN&#46; Efectuada compara&#231;&#227;o entre dois grupos&#44; com e sem IN&#44; relativamente a caracter&#237;sticas demogr&#225;ficas&#44; relacionadas com a doen&#231;a&#44; e personalidade&#46; Foram exclu&#237;dos os doentes sob medica&#231;&#227;o ansiol&#237;tica e&#47;ou antidepressiva&#44; com perda ponderal superior ou igual a 10&#37;&#44; e com sintomas da s&#237;ndrome das pernas inquietas&#46;</p></span> <span><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A mediana de idades dos doentes inclu&#237;dos foi de 60&#44;0 &#40;intervalo interquartil &#40;IIQ&#41; 10&#44;0&#41; anos&#59; 82&#44;5&#37; eram do sexo masculino&#46; Os valores iniciais medianos da escala de sonol&#234;ncia de Epworth &#40;ESE&#41; e do &#237;ndice de apneia-hipopneia &#40;IAH&#41; foram de 12&#44;5 &#40;IIQ 9&#44;0&#41; e de 44&#44;1 &#40;IIQ 22&#44;4&#41;&#47;h&#44; respectivamente&#46; A maioria dos doentes &#40;91&#44;3&#37;&#41; estava sob press&#227;o positiva nas vias a&#233;reas em modo autom&#225;tico &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">auto-adjusting positive airway pressure</span> &#40;APAP&#41;&#41;&#46; A ins&#243;nia pr&#233;via ao uso de SVN estava presente em 30&#37; &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>24&#41; dos doentes&#46; A preval&#234;ncia de IN foi de 21&#44;4&#37; &#40;12&#47;56&#41; e os subtipos de ins&#243;nia inicial e&#47;ou interm&#233;dia foram os mais frequentes &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>11&#41;&#46; Foi encontrada uma rela&#231;&#227;o negativa estatisticamente significativa entre a IN e a press&#227;o em 90&#37; do tempo de SVN &#40;P<span class="elsevierStyleInf">90</span>&#41; &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;040&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclus&#245;es</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Os doentes com SAOS sob SVN apresentaram uma preval&#234;ncia elevada de IN&#46; Os doentes com IN apresentaram n&#237;veis inferiores de press&#227;o de SVN comparativamente com os outros&#46;</p></span>"
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        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Introduction</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">New-onset insomnia &#40;NOI&#41; associated with nocturnal ventilatory support &#40;NVS&#41; is becoming a reality in clinical practice&#59; however there is a lack of data about its prevalence&#46; Our aim was to determine the prevalence of NOI in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome &#40;OSAS&#41; under NVS and its associated risk factors&#46;</p></span> <span><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Material and methods</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Descriptive cross-sectional study of 80 patients with OSAS under NVS&#46; We compared two groups&#44; with and without NOI&#44; considering demographic characteristics&#44; disease features&#44; and personality&#46; Patients under anxiolytic and&#47;or antidepressant medication&#44; with a weight loss of 10&#37; or greater&#44; and with restless legs symptoms were excluded&#46;</p></span> <span><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Median age of patients was 60&#46;0 &#40;interquartile range &#40;IQR&#41; 10&#46;0&#41; years&#59; 82&#46;5&#37; were male&#46; Median initial Epworth Sleepiness Scale &#40;ESS&#41; and apnoea-hypopnoea index &#40;AHI&#41; were 12&#46;5 &#40;IQR 9&#46;0&#41; and 44&#46;1 &#40;IQR 22&#46;4&#41;&#47;hr&#44; respectively&#46; The majority of patients &#40;91&#46;3&#37;&#41; were under auto-adjusting positive airway pressure &#40;APAP&#41;&#46; Insomnia at baseline was present in 30&#37; of patients &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>24&#41;&#46; Prevalence of NOI was 21&#46;4&#37; &#40;12&#47;56&#41;&#46; Initial and&#47;or intermediate insomnia were the most frequent subtypes &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>11&#41;&#46; We found a statistically significant negative relation between NOI and pressure on 90&#37; night-time &#40;P<span class="elsevierStyleInf">90</span>&#41; &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;040&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">OSAS patients under NVS presented a high prevalence of NOI&#46; Patients with NOI presented lower levels of pressure using NVS&#44; compared to the others&#46;</p></span>"
      ]
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            "apendice" => "<p id="par0175" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia></p> <p id="par0180" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Escala&#58;</p> <p id="par0185" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">0<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Sem problemas com o meu sono&#46;</p> <p id="par0190" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Algum &#40;pouco&#41; problema com o meu sono&#46;</p> <p id="par0195" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Problema moderado com o meu sono&#46;</p> <p id="par0200" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Problema moderado&#47;grave com o meu sono&#46;</p> <p id="par0205" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Problema grave com o meu sono que afecta a minha vida&#46;</p>"
            "etiqueta" => "Anexo 1"
            "titulo" => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">SleepMed Insomnia Index Questionnaire</span> &#40;SMIIQ&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a>"
            "identificador" => "sec0050"
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          "pt" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Distribui&#231;&#227;o dos subtipos de ins&#243;nia de novo &#40;IN&#41;&#46;</p>"
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        "etiqueta" => "Tabela 1"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Vari&#225;veis quantitativas expressas em mediana &#40;intervalo interquartil&#41;&#46;</p><p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">IAH&#58; &#237;ndice de apneia-hipopneia&#59; IN&#58; ins&#243;nia de novo&#59; P<span class="elsevierStyleInf">90</span>&#58; press&#227;o em 90&#37; do tempo&#59; SMIIQ&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">SleepMed Insomnia Index Questionnaire</span>&#46;</p>"
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                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Sem IN n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>44&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Com IN n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">valor <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">G&#233;nero&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Feminino&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">7 &#40;15&#44;9&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3 &#40;25&#44;0&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;433&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Masculino&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">37 &#40;84&#44;1&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">9 &#40;75&#44;0&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Personalidade ansiosa &#47; depressiva&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>N&#227;o&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">35 &#40;79&#44;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">8 &#40;66&#44;7&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;443&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Sim&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">9 &#40;20&#44;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">4 &#40;33&#44;3&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Idade &#40;anos&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">60&#44;0 &#40;9&#44;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">61&#44;0 &#40;18&#44;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;826&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Pontua&#231;&#227;o SMIIQ</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">8&#44;0 &#40;8&#44;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">22&#44;5 &#40;7&#44;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">IAH inicial &#40;eventos&#47;h&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">44&#44;0 &#40;23&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">42&#44;2 &#40;24&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;842&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">IAH residual &#40;eventos&#47;h&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&#44;5 &#40;1&#44;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&#44;6 &#40;1&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;596&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="char" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Horas de sono</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Horas de sono pr&#233;vias&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">7&#44;0 &#40;1&#44;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">7&#44;0 &#40;1&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;671&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Horas de sono actuais&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">7&#44;0 &#40;2&#44;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6&#44;7 &#40;2&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;599&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Horas de sono actuais &#8211; pr&#233;vias&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;0 &#40;1&#44;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;0 &#40;1&#44;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;749&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Tratamento</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Dura&#231;&#227;o &#40;meses&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">26&#44;0 &#40;36&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">22&#44;0 &#40;30&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;447&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Total de dias de uso &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">99&#44;0 &#40;5&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">99&#44;0 &#40;24&#44;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;976&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Horas&#47;noite&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">7&#44;0 &#40;1&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6&#44;5 &#40;2&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;408&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>P<span class="elsevierStyleInf">90</span> e press&#227;o fixa &#40;cmH<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">10&#44;9 &#40;2&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">9&#44;2 &#40;3&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;040&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
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          "pt" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Compara&#231;&#227;o das caracter&#237;sticas dos doentes com e sem ins&#243;nia de novo &#40;IN&#41;&#46;</p>"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Vari&#225;veis quantitativas expressas em mediana &#40;intervalo interquartil&#41;&#46;</p><p id="spar0075" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">ESE&#58; Escala de sonol&#234;ncia de Epworth&#59; IN&#58; ins&#243;nia de novo&#46;</p>"
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                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Sem IN n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>44&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Com IN n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">valor <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">11&#44;0 &#40;11&#44;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Actual ESE &#8211; Basal ESE&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8722;6&#44;0 &#40;7&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8722;5&#44;0 &#40;7&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;502&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "pt" => "<p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Escala de sonol&#234;ncia de Epworth &#40;ESE&#41; e a sua varia&#231;&#227;o nos doentes com e sem ins&#243;nia de novo &#40;IN&#41;&#46;</p>"
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      ]
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        "tabla" => array:3 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0085" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Vari&#225;veis quantitativas expressas em mediana &#40;intervalo interquartil&#41;&#46;</p><p id="spar0090" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">IN&#58; ins&#243;nia de novo&#59; P<span class="elsevierStyleInf">90</span>&#58; press&#227;o em 90&#37; do tempo&#46;</p>"
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            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Subtipo de IN&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">n&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">P<span class="elsevierStyleInf">90</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">valor <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Sem IN&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">44&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">10&#44;9 &#40;2&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;067&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">IN inicial&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6&#44;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">IN interm&#233;dia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">10&#44;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">IN final&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">11&#44;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">IN inicial &#43; interm&#233;dia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">9&#44;5 &#40;2&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
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                0 => "xTab884586.png"
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            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "tblfn0005"
              "etiqueta" => "a"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara">Doente exclu&#237;do da an&#225;lise comparativa&#46;</p>"
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "tblfn0010"
              "etiqueta" => "b"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara">O doente sob BiPAP com ins&#243;nia inicial e interm&#233;dia foi exclu&#237;do&#46;</p>"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "pt" => "<p id="spar0080" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Compara&#231;&#227;o da press&#227;o em 90&#37; do tempo e os subtipos de ins&#243;nia de novo &#40;IN&#41;&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      4 => array:5 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0005"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => false
        "mostrarDisplay" => true
        "tabla" => array:1 [
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46; No geral&#44; considera que tem problemas com o seu sono&#63;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&#46; &#201; f&#225;cil para si adormecer&#63;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3&#46; Sempre que tem preocupa&#231;&#245;es isso traduz-se em problemas no seu sono&#63;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">4&#46; Acorda facilmente com ru&#237;dos durante a noite&#63;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">5&#46; Que n&#237;vel de inc&#243;modo sente quando dorme noutro local&#47;cama diferente do habitual&#63;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">6&#46; O seu sono &#233; perturbado com frequentes despertares durante a noite&#63;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">7&#46; Adormecer ap&#243;s acordar durante a noite &#233; um problema&#63;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">8&#46; Sente-se descansado&#40;a&#41; no dia seguinte&#44; ap&#243;s uma noite de sono&#63;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">9&#46; Acha que dorme o n&#250;mero de horas suficientes por noite&#63;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">10&#46; Quanto &#233; que a qualidade do seu sono o&#40;a&#41; afecta nas suas actividades di&#225;rias &#40;fadiga&#44; humor&#44; irritabilidade&#41;&#63;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="6" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Total &#40;0-40&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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    "bibliografia" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "Bibliografia"
      "seccion" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "bibs0005"
          "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:33 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0005"
              "etiqueta" => "1"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The occurrence of sleep-disordered breathing among middle-aged adults"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "T&#46; Young"
                            1 => "M&#46; Palta"
                            2 => "J&#46; Dempsey"
                            3 => "J&#46; Skatrud"
                            4 => "S&#46; Weber"
                            5 => "S&#46; Badr"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1056/NEJM199304293281704"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "N Engl J Med"
                        "fecha" => "1993"
                        "volumen" => "328"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1230"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1235"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8464434"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0010"
              "etiqueta" => "2"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in the Sao Paulo Epidemiologic Sleep Study"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "S&#46; Tufik"
                            1 => "R&#46; Santos-Silva"
                            2 => "J&#46;A&#46; Taddei"
                            3 => "L&#46;R&#46; Bittencourt"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.sleep.2009.10.005"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Sleep Med"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "11"
                        "paginaInicial" => "441"
                        "paginaFinal" => "446"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20362502"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            2 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0015"
              "etiqueta" => "3"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Clinical guideline for the evaluation and management of chronic insomnia in adults"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "S&#46; Schutte-Rodin"
                            1 => "L&#46; Broch"
                            2 => "D&#46; Buysse"
                            3 => "C&#46; Dorsey"
                            4 => "M&#46; Sateia"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Clin Sleep Med"
                        "fecha" => "2008"
                        "volumen" => "4"
                        "paginaInicial" => "487"
                        "paginaFinal" => "504"
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Prevalência de insónia de novo em doentes com síndrome de apneia obstrutiva do sono tratados com suporte ventilatório nocturno
Prevalence of new-onset insomnia in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome treated with nocturnal ventilatory support
P. Caetano Motaa,
Corresponding author
patmota@net.sapo.pt

Autor para correspondência.
, S. Morais Cardosob, M. Drummonda,c, A.C. Santosd, J. Almeidaa, J.C. Wincka,c
a Serviço de Pneumologia, Hospital de São João, Porto, Portugal
b Centro de Saúde de Negrelos – ACES de Santo Tirso/Trofa, Porto, Portugal
c Faculdade de Medicina,Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
d Departamento de Higiene e Epidemiologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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crit&#233;rios de diagn&#243;stico&#44; t&#233;cnicas e metodologias epidemiol&#243;gicas aplicadas&#46; De forma semelhante&#44; as estimativas sobre a preval&#234;ncia de ins&#243;nia dependem dos crit&#233;rios aplicados na sua defini&#231;&#227;o e&#44; mais importante&#44; do tipo de popula&#231;&#227;o em estudo<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&#46; Sintomas de ins&#243;nia ocorrem em&#44; aproximadamente&#44; 33&#37; a 50&#37; da popula&#231;&#227;o adulta&#59; sintomas de ins&#243;nia causadores de ang&#250;stia e preju&#237;zo para o doente &#40;ou seja&#44; perturba&#231;&#227;o de ins&#243;nia geral&#41; em 10&#37; a 15&#37;&#59; e perturba&#231;&#245;es de ins&#243;nia espec&#237;fica em 5&#37; a 10&#37;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#8211;5</span></a>&#46; A ins&#243;nia&#44; entidade complexa e multifactorial&#44; tem sido descrita como um processo psicol&#243;gico&#44; 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S8 AutoSet Spirit<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span> II &#91;ResMed&#93;&#59; REMstar<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span> Auto &#91;Respironics&#93;&#59; iSleep20&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span> &#91;Breas&#93;&#59; Goodknight<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span> 425 ST &#91;Tyco&#93;&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os crit&#233;rios de exclus&#227;o foram os seguintes&#58; doentes sob medica&#231;&#227;o ansiol&#237;tica e&#47;ou antidepressiva&#59; com perda ponderal superior ou igual a 10&#37;&#59; e com sintomas sugestivos de s&#237;ndrome das pernas inquietas &#40;SPI&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O presente estudo foi aprovado pela Comiss&#227;o de &#201;tica do Hospital de S&#227;o Jo&#227;o&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Desenho do estudo</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Foram analisadas na popula&#231;&#227;o total vari&#225;veis demogr&#225;ficas &#40;g&#233;nero e idade&#41;&#44; escala de sonol&#234;ncia de Epworth &#40;ESE&#41; basal e actual&#44; gravidade da SAOS&#44; ins&#243;nia pr&#233;via e IN&#44; subtipos de IN&#44; dura&#231;&#227;o do tratamento e respectiva ades&#227;o&#44; n&#250;mero de horas de sono pr&#233;vias e actuais&#44; e a presen&#231;a de uma personalidade ansiosa&#47;depressiva&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A ins&#243;nia pr&#233;via ao tratamento da SAOS foi considerada presente perante as respostas &#8220;frequentemente&#8221; &#40;4&#41; ou &#8220;sempre&#8221; &#40;5&#41; &#224; quest&#227;o &#8220;Eu sinto que tenho ins&#243;nia&#8221; constante no inqu&#233;rito sobre perturba&#231;&#245;es do sono - <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Sleep Disorders Questionnaire</span> &#40;SDQ&#41; &#40;vers&#227;o 1&#46;02&#44; portuguesa&#41; - aplicado na consulta inicial<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Ap&#243;s o in&#237;cio do tratamento&#44; a presen&#231;a de ins&#243;nia foi avaliada atrav&#233;s do inqu&#233;rito - <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">SleepMed Insomnia Index Questionnaire</span> &#40;SMIIQ&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a>&#46; Este consiste num novo question&#225;rio&#44; desenhado para estimar rapidamente os sintomas de ins&#243;nia&#44; de forma simples e sistematizada&#44; o qual ainda n&#227;o foi validado&#44; apesar do elevado grau de fiabilidade&#44; tal como demonstrado previamente<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a>&#46; O SMIIQ engloba 10 quest&#245;es formuladas para avaliar factores importantes relacionados com o sono&#44; nomeadamente a lat&#234;ncia ao mesmo&#44; o efeito da ansiedade e de circunst&#226;ncias diferentes &#40;local&#47;cama&#41; do habitual&#44; a frequ&#234;ncia dos despertares nocturnos&#44; a capacidade de voltar a adormecer ap&#243;s um despertar&#44; a dura&#231;&#227;o total do sono&#44; a percep&#231;&#227;o da qualidade do sono&#44; e o impacto da mesma nas actividades do dia seguinte&#46; A IN foi considerada presente perante uma pontua&#231;&#227;o de SMIIQ &#62; 20&#44; sem a evid&#234;ncia de ins&#243;nia pr&#233;via&#46; A IN foi classificada em inicial&#44; interm&#233;dia&#44; e final&#44; de acordo com a descri&#231;&#227;o dos sintomas&#46; A ades&#227;o ao tratamento foi avaliada atrav&#233;s dos dados fornecidos pelo <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">software</span> do ventilador&#44; nomeadamente a percentagem do total de dias de uso&#44; o n&#250;mero m&#233;dio de horas por noite&#44; a press&#227;o fornecida em 90&#37; do tempo &#40;P<span class="elsevierStyleInf">90</span>&#41;&#44; quando aplicado&#44; e o IAH residual&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O SDQ tamb&#233;m foi usado na avalia&#231;&#227;o do tipo de personalidade ansiosa&#47;depressiva&#44; a qual foi considerada presente perante as pontua&#231;&#245;es 4 e 5 &#224;s quest&#245;es &#8220;O meu sono &#233; perturbado por tristeza ou depress&#227;o&#8221; e &#8220;O meu sono &#233; perturbado por preocupa&#231;&#245;es com as coisas&#8221;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a>&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A an&#225;lise estat&#237;stica foi realizada atrav&#233;s do programa SPSS&#44; vers&#227;o 17 &#40;SPSS Inc&#46;&#44; Chicago&#44; Illinois&#44; USA&#41;&#46; As vari&#225;veis quantitativas foram expressas em mediana e intervalo interquartil &#40;IIQ&#41; &#40;com distribui&#231;&#227;o n&#227;o normal&#41; e as vari&#225;veis qualitativas em contagens e propor&#231;&#245;es&#46; A compara&#231;&#227;o de propor&#231;&#245;es foi feita atrav&#233;s dos testes Qui-quadrado ou de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Fisher</span>&#44; quando indicado&#46; A compara&#231;&#227;o dos valores medianos das vari&#225;veis quantitativas&#44; entre os doentes com e sem IN&#44; foi feita atrav&#233;s dos testes n&#227;o param&#233;tricos <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mann-Whitney</span> ou <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Kruskal-Wallis</span> para vari&#225;veis independentes&#46; Um valor de p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;05 foi considerado estatisticamente significativo&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A mediana de idades dos doentes inclu&#237;dos foi de 60&#44;0 &#40;IIQ 10&#44;0&#41; anos&#44; e 82&#44;5&#37; eram do sexo masculino&#46; O IAH inicial mediano foi de 44&#44;1 &#40;IIQ 22&#44;4&#41;&#47;h&#44; reflectindo a gravidade da doen&#231;a &#40;ligeira&#58; 1&#44;2&#37; &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#41;&#59; moderada&#58; 17&#44;5&#37; &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>14&#41;&#59; grave&#58; 81&#44;3&#37; &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>65&#41;&#41;&#46; O valor basal mediano da ESE foi de 12&#44;5 &#40;IIQ 9&#44;0&#41;&#44; sendo o m&#237;nimo e m&#225;ximo de 0 e 24&#44; respectivamente&#46; A maioria dos doentes &#40;91&#44;3&#37;&#59; n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>73&#41; estava sob APAP e os restantes sob CPAP fixo &#40;7&#44;5&#37;&#59; n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>6&#41; e BiPAP &#40;1&#44;2&#37;&#59; n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#41;&#46; Os valores medianos de P<span class="elsevierStyleInf">90</span> e press&#227;o fixa foram de 10&#44;2 &#40;IIQ 3&#44;2&#41; cmH<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O e 10&#44;5 &#40;IIQ 4&#44;1&#41; cmH<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O&#44; respectivamente&#46; Os valores de press&#227;o positiva na via a&#233;rea inspirat&#243;ria &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">inspiratory-PAP</span> &#40;IPAP&#41;&#41; e expirat&#243;ria &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">expiratory-PAP</span> &#40;EPAP&#41;&#41; do doente sob BiPAP foram de 18 e 12<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cmH<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O&#44; respectivamente&#46; O per&#237;odo mediano de tempo de uso de SVN foi de 26&#44;0 &#40;IIQ 34&#44;0&#41; meses&#46;</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A ins&#243;nia pr&#233;via ao uso de SVN estava presente em 30&#37; dos doentes &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>24&#41;&#44; 11 dos quais apresentaram resolu&#231;&#227;o deste sintoma ap&#243;s o in&#237;cio do tratamento&#46;</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Ap&#243;s a exclus&#227;o dos doentes com ins&#243;nia pr&#233;via&#44; os autores analisaram os restantes 56 doentes&#44; estratificando-os em dois grupos de acordo com a presen&#231;a de IN&#46; A preval&#234;ncia de IN foi de 21&#44;4&#37; &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>12&#41;&#46; Os subtipos de IN est&#227;o descritos na <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">figura 1</a>&#46; A maioria dos doentes com IN estava sob APAP &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10&#41;&#44; e 2 sob CPAP fixo e BiPAP&#44; respectivamente&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">N&#227;o foram encontradas diferen&#231;as estatisticamente significativas entre ambos os grupos&#44; no que se refere ao g&#233;nero &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;433&#41;&#44; idade &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;826&#41;&#44; personalidade ansiosa&#47;depressiva &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;443&#41;&#44; gravidade da SAOS &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;842&#41;&#44; efic&#225;cia terap&#234;utica avaliada atrav&#233;s do IAH residual &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;596&#41;&#44; e n&#250;mero pr&#233;vio e actual de horas de sono &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;05&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">tabela 1</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O valor basal mediano da ESE foi inferior nos doentes com IN&#44; contudo a diferen&#231;a n&#227;o foi estatisticamente significativa &#40;com IN&#58; 11&#44;0 &#40;IIQ 11&#44;0&#41; versus sem IN&#58; 12&#44;0 &#40;IIQ 6&#44;0&#41;&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;667&#41;&#46; A varia&#231;&#227;o entre os valores actuais e basais da ESE tamb&#233;m n&#227;o foi estatisticamente significativa entre ambos os grupos &#40;com IN&#58; &#8722; 5&#44;0 &#40;IIQ 7&#44;8&#41; versus sem IN&#58; &#8722; 6&#44;0 &#40;IIQ 7&#44;5&#41;&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;502&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">tabela 2</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Relativamente &#224; terap&#234;utica&#44; os doentes com IN estavam sob SVN h&#225; menos tempo &#40;22&#44;0 &#40;IIQ 30&#44;5&#41; meses versus 26&#44;0 &#40;IIQ 36&#44;8&#41; meses&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;447&#41; e dormiam menos horas &#40;6&#44;5 &#40;IIQ 2&#44;3&#41; horas&#47;noite versus 7&#44;0 &#40;IIQ 1&#44;5&#41; horas&#47;noite&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;408&#41;&#44; apesar de aus&#234;ncia de significado estat&#237;stico &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">tabela 1</a>&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Foi encontrada uma rela&#231;&#227;o negativa estatisticamente significativa entre a IN e a P<span class="elsevierStyleInf">90</span> &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;040&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">tabela 1</a>&#41;&#44; contudo n&#227;o se verificou nenhuma diferen&#231;a estatisticamente significativa ao comparar os subtipos de IN pelos valores medianos de P<span class="elsevierStyleInf">90</span> &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;067&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0020">tabela 3</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0020"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Discuss&#227;o</span><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">De acordo com estudos pr&#233;vios&#44; a avalia&#231;&#227;o de sintomas de ins&#243;nia deve fazer parte da abordagem dos dist&#250;rbios respirat&#243;rios do sono antes do in&#237;cio da terap&#234;utica&#44; devido &#224; sua elevada preval&#234;ncia e impacto na qualidade do sono<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12&#8211;17&#44;19&#44;20</span></a>&#46; No presente grupo de doentes com SAOS&#44; a preval&#234;ncia de ins&#243;nia pr&#233;via foi de 30&#37;&#44; valor ligeiramente inferior comparativamente com o descrito na literatura&#44; o que pode ser justificado pelo reduzido tamanho da amostra&#44; uma limita&#231;&#227;o potencial do estudo&#46; Alguns autores advogam a necessidade de realizar mais estudos sobre a rela&#231;&#227;o entre a ins&#243;nia manifestada por doentes com SAOS e sob SVN<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12&#44;14&#44;16</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Consider&#225;mos igualmente importante a avalia&#231;&#227;o de IN em doentes com SAOS&#44; atendendo &#224; crescente constata&#231;&#227;o de que alguns desses doentes&#44; sem ins&#243;nia pr&#233;via ao SVN&#44; desenvolvem esse sintoma ap&#243;s o in&#237;cio do mesmo&#46; Na popula&#231;&#227;o em estudo&#44; a preval&#234;ncia de IN foi de 21&#44;4&#37;&#46; De forma a obviar a subjectividade inerente a este sintoma&#44; os autores avaliaram a ins&#243;nia pr&#233;- e p&#243;s-tratamento atrav&#233;s de instrumentos de trabalho fi&#225;veis&#44; como o SDQ e o SMIIQ&#44; respectivamente<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23&#44;24</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os doentes sob medica&#231;&#227;o ansiol&#237;tica e&#47;ou antidepressiva foram exclu&#237;dos&#44; na medida em que estes f&#225;rmacos poderiam influenciar o pr&#243;prio desenvolvimento de sintomas de ins&#243;nia&#44; bem como aqueles doentes com registo de perda ponderal superior ou igual a 10&#37;&#44; facto que poderia alterar a gravidade do dist&#250;rbio respirat&#243;rio do sono&#46; Os autores tamb&#233;m exclu&#237;ram doentes com SPI&#44; de acordo com os crit&#233;rios de diagn&#243;stico estabelecidos pelo <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group</span>&#44; atendendo a que este dist&#250;rbio pode induzir sintomas de ins&#243;nia&#44; nomeadamente dificuldade em adormecer e manter o sono<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25&#44;26</span></a>&#46; Neste contexto&#44; os autores tamb&#233;m salientam que os doentes inclu&#237;dos n&#227;o apresentavam complica&#231;&#245;es m&#233;dicas <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">major</span> &#40;digestivas&#44; genito-urin&#225;rias&#44; end&#243;crinas&#44; m&#250;sculo-esquel&#233;ticas&#44; pulmonares&#44; cardiovasculares&#44; etc&#41; nem outros dist&#250;rbios do sono &#40;movimentos peri&#243;dicos dos membros inferiores&#44; perturba&#231;&#245;es do ritmo circadiano&#44; etc&#41;&#44; bem como hist&#243;ria de abuso de subst&#226;ncias aditivas&#44; que pudessem afectar o desenvolvimento de ins&#243;nia&#46;</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A an&#225;lise comparativa entre os dois grupos&#44; com e sem IN&#44; s&#243; incluiu 56 doentes&#44; ap&#243;s a exclus&#227;o dos 24 com ins&#243;nia pr&#233;via&#44; dada a possibilidade destes constitu&#237;rem um factor de confundimento&#46;</p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Na popula&#231;&#227;o em geral&#44; a ins&#243;nia &#233; mais prevalente nas mulheres e com o aumento da idade<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;5&#44;27</span></a>&#46; No presente estudo&#44; n&#227;o foi encontrada nenhuma associa&#231;&#227;o com o g&#233;nero e a idade&#44; o que pode ser justificado pelo predom&#237;nio do g&#233;nero masculino e pela idade homog&#233;nea da popula&#231;&#227;o&#44; mas tamb&#233;m pelo seu pequeno tamanho amostral&#46; Por outro lado&#44; os autores podem especular sobre a exist&#234;ncia de diferentes mecanismos patog&#233;nicos subjacentes &#224; IN associada ao SVN&#44; nomeadamente a exist&#234;ncia de despertares relacionados com as varia&#231;&#245;es de press&#227;o&#46;</p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os factores psicol&#243;gicos e a ins&#243;nia est&#227;o interligados&#44; na medida em que 40&#37; dos doentes com ins&#243;nia apresentam uma perturba&#231;&#227;o psicol&#243;gica concomitante<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;5&#44;28</span></a>&#46; Neste contexto&#44; a ansiedade e a depress&#227;o poderiam influenciar o desenvolvimento de ins&#243;nia&#44; contudo nesta amostra essa rela&#231;&#227;o n&#227;o foi estatisticamente significativa&#46; De qualquer forma&#44; a avalia&#231;&#227;o da ansiedade e depress&#227;o poderia estar subestimada&#44; pois estas caracter&#237;sticas da personalidade n&#227;o foram avaliadas atrav&#233;s da aplica&#231;&#227;o de question&#225;rios espec&#237;ficos nem por profissionais especializados nesta &#225;rea&#46;</p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os doentes com e sem IN apresentaram valores basais de ESE semelhantes&#44; sendo tamb&#233;m similar a varia&#231;&#227;o entre os respectivos valores p&#243;s- e pr&#233;-tratamento&#46; Assim&#44; parece que nestes doentes a hipers&#243;nia&#44; n&#227;o est&#225; relacionada com o desenvolvimento de ins&#243;nia&#44; mas sim com a pr&#243;pria SAOS&#44; tal como j&#225; demonstrado na literatura<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17&#44;22&#44;29</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">N&#227;o foram encontradas diferen&#231;as relativamente &#224; avalia&#231;&#227;o da ades&#227;o terap&#234;utica&#44; a qual foi favor&#225;vel em ambos os grupos&#46; Contudo&#44; o grupo com IN apresentava menor dura&#231;&#227;o do tratamento e dormia menos horas por noite&#46;</p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os autores especulam que a adapta&#231;&#227;o a este tratamento nocturno constitua um factor de agravamento da qualidade do sono&#46; Possivelmente&#44; o SVN causa frustra&#231;&#227;o e fragmenta&#231;&#227;o do sono&#44; aumentando as dificuldades relacionadas com o mesmo&#46; Tal pode tamb&#233;m explicar o predom&#237;nio dos subtipos de ins&#243;nia inicial e&#47;ou interm&#233;dia&#44; reflectindo as dificuldades deste doentes em iniciar e manter o sono&#46;</p><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Na presente amostra&#44; a maioria dos doentes com IN estava sob APAP &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10&#41;&#46; Os dispositivos APAP foram concebidos de forma a ajustar continuamente a press&#227;o aplicada na via a&#233;rea para um n&#237;vel &#243;ptimo&#44; de acordo com um algoritmo&#44; minimizando assim os requisitos da press&#227;o m&#233;dia durante a noite dos doentes com SAOS&#46; Atendendo a que as altera&#231;&#245;es da press&#227;o ocorrem durante a noite&#44; alguns autores postularam que estes dispositivos podem&#44; de facto&#44; aumentar a fragmenta&#231;&#227;o do sono&#44; justificando algumas das diferen&#231;as relativas &#224; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">performance</span> do CPAP e APAP&#44; n&#227;o relacionadas&#44; contudo&#44; com a melhoria dos sintomas e de &#237;ndices da SAOS&#44; como o IAH residual&#44; tal como observado na popula&#231;&#227;o estudada<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30&#8211;32</span></a>&#46; Apesar da frequ&#234;ncia de microdespertares e fragmenta&#231;&#227;o do sono induzida pelo APAP parecer ser baixa<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">31</span></a>&#44; tal pode explicar o desenvolvimento de ins&#243;nia ap&#243;s o in&#237;cio do tratamento&#46;</p><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os autores encontraram uma rela&#231;&#227;o negativa estatisticamente significativa entre a IN e a P<span class="elsevierStyleInf">90</span>&#46; Este resultado n&#227;o pode ser explicado pela gravidade da SAOS<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22&#44;33</span></a>&#44; na medida em que o IAH inicial n&#227;o diferiu entre ambos os grupos&#46; Adicionalmente&#44; o grupo com IN estava a ser eficazmente tratado&#44; tal como demonstrado pelo IAH residual&#44; n&#227;o podendo esta rela&#231;&#227;o ser explicada pela exist&#234;ncia de eventos respirat&#243;rios n&#227;o resolvidos&#46; Os autores podem especular sobre o n&#250;mero de despertares como poss&#237;vel causa desta rela&#231;&#227;o&#44; dado que os doentes n&#227;o foram monitorizados com PSG ap&#243;s o in&#237;cio do tratamento&#46; Al&#233;m disso&#44; como os doentes com ins&#243;nia est&#227;o acordados durante maior per&#237;odo de tempo comparativamente aos doentes sem ins&#243;nia&#44; n&#227;o apresentam tantos eventos obstrutivos para resolver&#44; justificando assim a menor press&#227;o fornecida pelo dispositivo&#46; Apesar do presente trabalho n&#227;o ter sido desenhado para estudar doentes com ins&#243;nia pr&#233;via&#44; e a influ&#234;ncia do SVN neste sintoma&#44; os autores verificaram que o valor mediano da P<span class="elsevierStyleInf">90</span> foi superior naqueles que mantiveram a ins&#243;nia &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>13&#41; comparativamente com aqueles em que se constatou resolu&#231;&#227;o do mesmo &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>11&#41;&#44; apesar da aus&#234;ncia de significado estat&#237;stico &#40;dados n&#227;o apresentados&#41;&#46; Esta eleva&#231;&#227;o da P<span class="elsevierStyleInf">90</span> em doentes com ins&#243;nia pode sugerir que na etiologia da ins&#243;nia pr&#233;via e IN est&#227;o envolvidos diferentes mecanismos fisiopatol&#243;gicos&#46;</p><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Como limita&#231;&#245;es do presente estudo&#44; os autores salientam o reduzido tamanho amostral e a falta de uniformidade relativamente ao n&#250;mero de doentes inclu&#237;do em cada um dos grupos analisados&#46; Foi inclu&#237;do um n&#250;mero limitado de doentes com SAOS&#44; contudo os autores argumentam que o objectivo original deste estudo foi primariamente explorat&#243;rio&#44; de forma a confirmar uma suspeita cl&#237;nica&#44; ou seja&#44; o desenvolvimento de ins&#243;nia associada ao tratamento da SAOS&#44; n&#227;o mencionada na literatura at&#233; &#224; data&#46; Considerando os dados agora dispon&#237;veis&#44; os autores acreditam que tal consiste numa &#225;rea importante que requer mais investiga&#231;&#227;o&#44; de forma a identificar outros potenciais factores preditivos e mecanismos patog&#233;nicos&#46; Adicionalmente&#44; os autores podem especular sobre o facto de se terem aplicado diferentes ferramentas para avalia&#231;&#227;o da ins&#243;nia antes e depois do in&#237;cio de SVN&#46; A aplica&#231;&#227;o do mesmo question&#225;rio poderia ter obviado a falta de uniformidade relativa a esta quest&#227;o metodol&#243;gica&#46; A inten&#231;&#227;o de usar o SMIIQ teve por base uma melhor caracteriza&#231;&#227;o dos doentes com IN ap&#243;s a sua identifica&#231;&#227;o&#46; Contudo&#44; a amostra &#8220;final&#8221; incluiu somente 56 doentes&#44; j&#225; que os 24 doentes com ins&#243;nia pr&#233;via foram exclu&#237;dos&#44; restando somente 12 com IN&#46; Assim&#44; os autores pensam que esta investiga&#231;&#227;o das caracter&#237;sticas da IN deva ser realizada num grupo maior de doentes&#46; A aplica&#231;&#227;o do SMIIQ&#44; n&#227;o complementada pela <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Sleep Matrix</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a>&#44; tamb&#233;m pode ser question&#225;vel&#44; considerando o diagn&#243;stico diferencial entre ins&#243;nia e outros dist&#250;rbios do sono&#46; Contudo&#44; os autores salientam que o principal objectivo deste trabalho consistiu em avaliar um tipo de ins&#243;nia associada ao uso de SVN&#44; e n&#227;o relacionada com a pr&#243;pria SAOS&#46; Neste contexto&#44; o SMIIQ foi somente aplicado para rastrear a presen&#231;a de ins&#243;nia &#40;pontua&#231;&#227;o &#62; 20&#41;&#44; de forma f&#225;cil e r&#225;pida&#44; atendendo &#224; sua elevada fiabilidade nos doentes com ins&#243;nia&#44; estando a determina&#231;&#227;o da <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Sleep Matrix</span> muito para al&#233;m dos objectivos definidos&#44; o que poderia tornar a interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos resultados mais complexa&#46; Adicionalmente&#44; tal como representado na <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">tabela 2</a>&#44; o valor basal mediano da ESE nos doentes com IN n&#227;o foi superior a 11&#44; o que poderia apontar para o desenvolvimento de IN independente da SAOS e de outros dist&#250;rbios do sono&#46;</p><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Outra potencial limita&#231;&#227;o do estudo consiste na falta de caracteriza&#231;&#227;o do tempo que mediou entre o in&#237;cio de SVN e o desenvolvimento de queixas de ins&#243;nia&#46; Contudo&#44; &#233; de salientar que o SMIIQ s&#243; foi aplicado na consulta de seguimento dos 3 meses ou superior&#44; e que esses doentes n&#227;o apresentavam ins&#243;nia pr&#233;via&#44; nem desenvolveram qualquer comorbilidade &#40;patologia m&#233;dica ou abuso de subst&#226;ncia&#41; ap&#243;s o in&#237;cio de SVN&#44; o que poderia influenciar o desenvolvimento de queixas de ins&#243;nia&#46;</p><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Mais uma vez&#44; os autores salientam a falta de ferramentas adequadas para a avalia&#231;&#227;o das caracter&#237;sticas da personalidade destes doentes&#44; como ansiedade ou depress&#227;o&#44; pelas raz&#245;es j&#225; previamente mencionadas&#44; contudo esta limita&#231;&#227;o ter&#225; sido minimizada atrav&#233;s da exclus&#227;o dos doentes com ins&#243;nia pr&#233;via&#44; os quais poderiam apresentar concomitantemente uma personalidade ansiosa n&#227;o revelada pelas respostas &#224;s quest&#245;es do SDQ relativas a esta tem&#225;tica psicol&#243;gica&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclus&#245;es</span><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os doentes com SAOS sob SVN apresentaram uma preval&#234;ncia elevada de IN &#40;21&#44;4&#37;&#41;&#46; O g&#233;nero&#44; a idade&#44; a gravidade da SAOS&#44; a ades&#227;o ao tratamento e a presen&#231;a de uma personalidade ansiosa&#47;depressiva n&#227;o estiveram associados ao desenvolvimento de IN&#46; Os doentes com IN necessitaram de n&#237;veis inferiores de press&#227;o de SVN&#46; Ser&#227;o necess&#225;rios mais estudos&#44; prolongados no tempo e de maior tamanho amostral&#44; para determinar a exist&#234;ncia de IN&#44; como uma &#8220;entidade&#8221; independente ou secund&#225;ria ao uso de SVN&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conflitos de interesse</span><p id="par0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os autores declaram n&#227;o haver conflitos de interesse&#46;</p></span></span>"
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    "fechaRecibido" => "2010-12-26"
    "fechaAceptado" => "2011-06-15"
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            0 => "Ins&#243;nia de novo"
            1 => "S&#237;ndrome de apneia obstrutiva do sono"
            2 => "Suporte ventilat&#243;rio nocturno"
            3 => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Auto-adjusting positive airway pressure</span>"
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            0 => "New-onset insomnia"
            1 => "Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome"
            2 => "Nocturnal ventilatory support"
            3 => "Auto-adjusting positive airway pressure"
            4 => "Prevalence"
            5 => "Risk factors"
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        "resumen" => "<span><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Introdu&#231;&#227;o</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A ins&#243;nia de novo &#40;IN&#41; associada ao uso do suporte ventilat&#243;rio nocturno &#40;SVN&#41; tem sido uma realidade constatada na pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica&#44; contudo &#233; de salientar a escassez de dados referentes &#224; sua preval&#234;ncia&#46; O nosso objectivo consistiu em determinar a preval&#234;ncia de IN e seus factores de risco em doentes com s&#237;ndrome de apneia obstrutiva do sono &#40;SAOS&#41; sob SVN&#46;</p></span> <span><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Material e m&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudo descritivo transversal que incluiu 80 doentes com SAOS sob SVN&#46; Efectuada compara&#231;&#227;o entre dois grupos&#44; com e sem IN&#44; relativamente a caracter&#237;sticas demogr&#225;ficas&#44; relacionadas com a doen&#231;a&#44; e personalidade&#46; Foram exclu&#237;dos os doentes sob medica&#231;&#227;o ansiol&#237;tica e&#47;ou antidepressiva&#44; com perda ponderal superior ou igual a 10&#37;&#44; e com sintomas da s&#237;ndrome das pernas inquietas&#46;</p></span> <span><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A mediana de idades dos doentes inclu&#237;dos foi de 60&#44;0 &#40;intervalo interquartil &#40;IIQ&#41; 10&#44;0&#41; anos&#59; 82&#44;5&#37; eram do sexo masculino&#46; Os valores iniciais medianos da escala de sonol&#234;ncia de Epworth &#40;ESE&#41; e do &#237;ndice de apneia-hipopneia &#40;IAH&#41; foram de 12&#44;5 &#40;IIQ 9&#44;0&#41; e de 44&#44;1 &#40;IIQ 22&#44;4&#41;&#47;h&#44; respectivamente&#46; A maioria dos doentes &#40;91&#44;3&#37;&#41; estava sob press&#227;o positiva nas vias a&#233;reas em modo autom&#225;tico &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">auto-adjusting positive airway pressure</span> &#40;APAP&#41;&#41;&#46; A ins&#243;nia pr&#233;via ao uso de SVN estava presente em 30&#37; &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>24&#41; dos doentes&#46; A preval&#234;ncia de IN foi de 21&#44;4&#37; &#40;12&#47;56&#41; e os subtipos de ins&#243;nia inicial e&#47;ou interm&#233;dia foram os mais frequentes &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>11&#41;&#46; Foi encontrada uma rela&#231;&#227;o negativa estatisticamente significativa entre a IN e a press&#227;o em 90&#37; do tempo de SVN &#40;P<span class="elsevierStyleInf">90</span>&#41; &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;040&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclus&#245;es</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Os doentes com SAOS sob SVN apresentaram uma preval&#234;ncia elevada de IN&#46; Os doentes com IN apresentaram n&#237;veis inferiores de press&#227;o de SVN comparativamente com os outros&#46;</p></span>"
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        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Introduction</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">New-onset insomnia &#40;NOI&#41; associated with nocturnal ventilatory support &#40;NVS&#41; is becoming a reality in clinical practice&#59; however there is a lack of data about its prevalence&#46; Our aim was to determine the prevalence of NOI in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome &#40;OSAS&#41; under NVS and its associated risk factors&#46;</p></span> <span><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Material and methods</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Descriptive cross-sectional study of 80 patients with OSAS under NVS&#46; We compared two groups&#44; with and without NOI&#44; considering demographic characteristics&#44; disease features&#44; and personality&#46; Patients under anxiolytic and&#47;or antidepressant medication&#44; with a weight loss of 10&#37; or greater&#44; and with restless legs symptoms were excluded&#46;</p></span> <span><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Median age of patients was 60&#46;0 &#40;interquartile range &#40;IQR&#41; 10&#46;0&#41; years&#59; 82&#46;5&#37; were male&#46; Median initial Epworth Sleepiness Scale &#40;ESS&#41; and apnoea-hypopnoea index &#40;AHI&#41; were 12&#46;5 &#40;IQR 9&#46;0&#41; and 44&#46;1 &#40;IQR 22&#46;4&#41;&#47;hr&#44; respectively&#46; The majority of patients &#40;91&#46;3&#37;&#41; were under auto-adjusting positive airway pressure &#40;APAP&#41;&#46; Insomnia at baseline was present in 30&#37; of patients &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>24&#41;&#46; Prevalence of NOI was 21&#46;4&#37; &#40;12&#47;56&#41;&#46; Initial and&#47;or intermediate insomnia were the most frequent subtypes &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>11&#41;&#46; We found a statistically significant negative relation between NOI and pressure on 90&#37; night-time &#40;P<span class="elsevierStyleInf">90</span>&#41; &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;040&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">OSAS patients under NVS presented a high prevalence of NOI&#46; Patients with NOI presented lower levels of pressure using NVS&#44; compared to the others&#46;</p></span>"
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            "apendice" => "<p id="par0175" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia></p> <p id="par0180" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Escala&#58;</p> <p id="par0185" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">0<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Sem problemas com o meu sono&#46;</p> <p id="par0190" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Algum &#40;pouco&#41; problema com o meu sono&#46;</p> <p id="par0195" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Problema moderado com o meu sono&#46;</p> <p id="par0200" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Problema moderado&#47;grave com o meu sono&#46;</p> <p id="par0205" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Problema grave com o meu sono que afecta a minha vida&#46;</p>"
            "etiqueta" => "Anexo 1"
            "titulo" => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">SleepMed Insomnia Index Questionnaire</span> &#40;SMIIQ&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a>"
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          "pt" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Distribui&#231;&#227;o dos subtipos de ins&#243;nia de novo &#40;IN&#41;&#46;</p>"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Vari&#225;veis quantitativas expressas em mediana &#40;intervalo interquartil&#41;&#46;</p><p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">IAH&#58; &#237;ndice de apneia-hipopneia&#59; IN&#58; ins&#243;nia de novo&#59; P<span class="elsevierStyleInf">90</span>&#58; press&#227;o em 90&#37; do tempo&#59; SMIIQ&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">SleepMed Insomnia Index Questionnaire</span>&#46;</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Sem IN n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>44&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Com IN n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Masculino&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">37 &#40;84&#44;1&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">35 &#40;79&#44;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">8 &#40;66&#44;7&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;443&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Sim&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">9 &#40;20&#44;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">4 &#40;33&#44;3&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Idade &#40;anos&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">60&#44;0 &#40;9&#44;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">61&#44;0 &#40;18&#44;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;826&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Pontua&#231;&#227;o SMIIQ</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">8&#44;0 &#40;8&#44;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">22&#44;5 &#40;7&#44;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">IAH inicial &#40;eventos&#47;h&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">44&#44;0 &#40;23&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">42&#44;2 &#40;24&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;842&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">IAH residual &#40;eventos&#47;h&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&#44;5 &#40;1&#44;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&#44;6 &#40;1&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;596&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="char" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Horas de sono</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Horas de sono pr&#233;vias&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">7&#44;0 &#40;1&#44;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">7&#44;0 &#40;1&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;671&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Horas de sono actuais&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">7&#44;0 &#40;2&#44;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6&#44;7 &#40;2&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;599&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Horas de sono actuais &#8211; pr&#233;vias&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;0 &#40;1&#44;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;0 &#40;1&#44;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;749&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Tratamento</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Dura&#231;&#227;o &#40;meses&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">26&#44;0 &#40;36&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">22&#44;0 &#40;30&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;447&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Total de dias de uso &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">99&#44;0 &#40;5&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">99&#44;0 &#40;24&#44;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;976&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Horas&#47;noite&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">7&#44;0 &#40;1&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6&#44;5 &#40;2&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;408&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>P<span class="elsevierStyleInf">90</span> e press&#227;o fixa &#40;cmH<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">10&#44;9 &#40;2&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">9&#44;2 &#40;3&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;040&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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          "pt" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Compara&#231;&#227;o das caracter&#237;sticas dos doentes com e sem ins&#243;nia de novo &#40;IN&#41;&#46;</p>"
        ]
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        "identificador" => "tbl0015"
        "etiqueta" => "Tabela 2"
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        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Vari&#225;veis quantitativas expressas em mediana &#40;intervalo interquartil&#41;&#46;</p><p id="spar0075" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">ESE&#58; Escala de sonol&#234;ncia de Epworth&#59; IN&#58; ins&#243;nia de novo&#46;</p>"
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                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Sem IN n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>44&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Com IN n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">valor <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Basal ESE&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">12&#44;0 &#40;6&#44;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">11&#44;0 &#40;11&#44;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;667&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Actual ESE &#8211; Basal ESE&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8722;6&#44;0 &#40;7&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8722;5&#44;0 &#40;7&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;502&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  """
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          "pt" => "<p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Escala de sonol&#234;ncia de Epworth &#40;ESE&#41; e a sua varia&#231;&#227;o nos doentes com e sem ins&#243;nia de novo &#40;IN&#41;&#46;</p>"
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                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Subtipo de IN&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">n&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">P<span class="elsevierStyleInf">90</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">valor <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Sem IN&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">44&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">10&#44;9 &#40;2&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;067&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">IN inicial&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6&#44;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">IN interm&#233;dia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">10&#44;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">IN final&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">11&#44;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">IN inicial &#43; interm&#233;dia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">9&#44;5 &#40;2&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
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            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "tblfn0005"
              "etiqueta" => "a"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara">Doente exclu&#237;do da an&#225;lise comparativa&#46;</p>"
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "tblfn0010"
              "etiqueta" => "b"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara">O doente sob BiPAP com ins&#243;nia inicial e interm&#233;dia foi exclu&#237;do&#46;</p>"
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          "pt" => "<p id="spar0080" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Compara&#231;&#227;o da press&#227;o em 90&#37; do tempo e os subtipos de ins&#243;nia de novo &#40;IN&#41;&#46;</p>"
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      4 => array:5 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0005"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => false
        "mostrarDisplay" => true
        "tabla" => array:1 [
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46; No geral&#44; considera que tem problemas com o seu sono&#63;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&#46; &#201; f&#225;cil para si adormecer&#63;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3&#46; Sempre que tem preocupa&#231;&#245;es isso traduz-se em problemas no seu sono&#63;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">4&#46; Acorda facilmente com ru&#237;dos durante a noite&#63;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">5&#46; Que n&#237;vel de inc&#243;modo sente quando dorme noutro local&#47;cama diferente do habitual&#63;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">6&#46; O seu sono &#233; perturbado com frequentes despertares durante a noite&#63;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">7&#46; Adormecer ap&#243;s acordar durante a noite &#233; um problema&#63;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">8&#46; Sente-se descansado&#40;a&#41; no dia seguinte&#44; ap&#243;s uma noite de sono&#63;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">9&#46; Acha que dorme o n&#250;mero de horas suficientes por noite&#63;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">10&#46; Quanto &#233; que a qualidade do seu sono o&#40;a&#41; afecta nas suas actividades di&#225;rias &#40;fadiga&#44; humor&#44; irritabilidade&#41;&#63;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="6" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Total &#40;0-40&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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            4 => array:3 [
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                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
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                        0 => array:2 [
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                            0 => "T&#46; Roth"
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                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
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                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Beta&#47;Gamma EEG activity in patients with primary and secondary insomnia and good sleeper controls"
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                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
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              "identificador" => "bib0035"
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                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Temporal and stagewise distribution of high frequency EEG activity in patients with primary and secondary insomnia and in good sleeper controls"
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                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
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                            1 => "E&#46;L&#46; Kehr"
                            2 => "M&#46;T&#46; Smith"
                            3 => "P&#46;J&#46; Andrews"
                            4 => "H&#46; Orff"
                            5 => "D&#46;E&#46; Giles"
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                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
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                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "NREM sleep EEG frequency spectral correlates of sleep complaints in primary insomnia subtypes"
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                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "A&#46;D&#46; Krystal"
                            1 => "J&#46;D&#46; Edinger"
                            2 => "W&#46;K&#46; Wohlgemuth"
                            3 => "G&#46;R&#46; Marsh"
                          ]
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                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Sleep"
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            8 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0045"
              "etiqueta" => "9"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Refractory insomnia and sleep-disordered breathing&#58; a pilot study"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "B&#46; Krakow"
                            1 => "D&#46; Melendrez"
                            2 => "S&#46;A&#46; Lee"
                            3 => "T&#46;D&#46; Warner"
                            4 => "J&#46;O&#46; Clark"
                            5 => "D&#46; Sklar"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1007/s11325-004-0015-5"
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                        "tituloSerie" => "Sleep Breath"
                        "fecha" => "2004"
                        "volumen" => "8"
                        "paginaInicial" => "15"
                        "paginaFinal" => "29"
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                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15026935"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            9 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0050"
              "etiqueta" => "10"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Chronic insomnia is associated with nyctohemeral activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis&#58; clinical implications"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "A&#46;N&#46; Vgontzas"
                            1 => "E&#46;O&#46; Bixler"
                            2 => "H&#46;M&#46; Lin"
                            3 => "P&#46; Prolo"
                            4 => "G&#46; Mastorakos"
                            5 => "A&#46; Vela-Bueno"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1210/jcem.86.8.7778"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Clin Endocrinol Metab"
                        "fecha" => "2001"
                        "volumen" => "86"
                        "paginaInicial" => "3787"
                        "paginaFinal" => "3794"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11502812"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            10 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0055"
              "etiqueta" => "11"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Stress exposure&#44; psychological distress&#44; and physiological stress activation in midlife women with insomnia"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "J&#46;L&#46; Shaver"
                            1 => "S&#46;K&#46; Johnston"
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Article information
ISSN: 08732159
Original language: Portuguese
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