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tuberculosis</span> e <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">M&#46; bovis</span>&#46; Apesar de genotipicamente muito semelhantes&#44; o <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">M&#46; bovis</span> &#233; menos transmiss&#237;vel entre humanos e &#233; intrinsecamente resistente &#224; pirazinamida<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#44;8&#44;9</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Baseando-se nesta particularidade&#44; a Direc&#231;&#227;o Geral de Sa&#250;de &#40;DGS&#41; publicou recentemente a Orienta&#231;&#227;o n&#176; 13&#47;2010&#44; em que recomenda a realiza&#231;&#227;o de testes de sensibilidade aos antibi&#243;ticos &#40;TSA&#41; a todos os antibacilares de primeira linha &#40;discriminando isoniazida&#44; rifampicina&#44; estreptomicina&#44; etambutol e pirazinamida&#41; em todos os isolados do complexo <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">M&#46; tuberculosis</span> e posterior diferencia&#231;&#227;o de subesp&#233;cie sempre que se encontra um isolado com resist&#234;ncia &#224; 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Este teste &#233; realizado&#44; em diversos laborat&#243;rios&#44; sempre que ocorre resist&#234;ncia a pelo menos um dos restantes antibacilares de primeira linha&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As mais recentes recomenda&#231;&#245;es internacionais&#44; tanto da OMS como do Centro Europeu de Preven&#231;&#227;o e Controlo das Doen&#231;as &#40;ECDC&#41;&#44; desaconselham a inclus&#227;o deste f&#225;rmaco no lote dos antibacilares a serem testados rotineiramente&#46; Ambas as organiza&#231;&#245;es apontam para resultados pouco reprodut&#237;veis e&#44; portanto&#44; pouco fi&#225;veis&#46; A OMS destaca o seu elevado custo<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12&#44;13</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Tendo como base o pre&#231;o de venda &#224; Administra&#231;&#227;o Regional de Sa&#250;de do Norte dos reagentes em kit necess&#225;rios para a execu&#231;&#227;o de TSA&#44; atrav&#233;s de um sistema de culturas em meio l&#237;quido &#40;BACTEC MGIT 960&#44; Becton and Dickinson&#44; Maryland&#44; USA&#41;&#44; foram calculados os custos unit&#225;rios destas an&#225;lises&#46; O teste de sensibilidade &#224; pirazinamida custa cerca de 45&#8364;&#44; quase o triplo do valor de cada um dos restantes TSA de primeira linha&#46; Para uma avalia&#231;&#227;o do custo total de um teste seria necess&#225;rio adicionar o acr&#233;scimo do tempo dispendido&#44; bem como custos com outros reagentes e material de laborat&#243;rio diverso&#44; por exemplo&#58; meios de suspens&#227;o&#44; &#225;lcool et&#237;lico&#44; &#225;gua bidestilada&#44; pontas para micropipetas&#44; seringas&#44; agulhas&#44; etc&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Tendo em conta a realiza&#231;&#227;o&#44; devido a esta Orienta&#231;&#227;o da DGS&#44; a n&#237;vel nacional&#44; de milhares de testes de sensibilidade &#224; pirazinamida por ano&#44; estar&#225; 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Testes de sensibilidade à pirazinamida em todos os isolados do complexo Mycobacterium tuberculosis – uma análise crítica
Pyrazinamide susceptibility testing in all isolates of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex – a critical analysis
J. Cunha
Laboratório de Micobacteriologia do Centro de Diagnóstico Pneumológico do Porto, Administração Regional de Saúde do Norte, Porto, Portugal
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tuberculosis</span> e <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">M&#46; bovis</span>&#46; Apesar de genotipicamente muito semelhantes&#44; o <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">M&#46; bovis</span> &#233; menos transmiss&#237;vel entre humanos e &#233; intrinsecamente resistente &#224; pirazinamida<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#44;8&#44;9</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Baseando-se nesta particularidade&#44; a Direc&#231;&#227;o Geral de Sa&#250;de &#40;DGS&#41; publicou recentemente a Orienta&#231;&#227;o n&#176; 13&#47;2010&#44; em que recomenda a realiza&#231;&#227;o de testes de sensibilidade aos antibi&#243;ticos &#40;TSA&#41; a todos os antibacilares de primeira linha &#40;discriminando isoniazida&#44; rifampicina&#44; estreptomicina&#44; etambutol e pirazinamida&#41; em todos os isolados do complexo <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">M&#46; tuberculosis</span> e posterior diferencia&#231;&#227;o de subesp&#233;cie sempre que se encontra um isolado com resist&#234;ncia &#224; 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Este teste &#233; realizado&#44; em diversos laborat&#243;rios&#44; sempre que ocorre resist&#234;ncia a pelo menos um dos restantes antibacilares de primeira linha&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As mais recentes recomenda&#231;&#245;es internacionais&#44; tanto da OMS como do Centro Europeu de Preven&#231;&#227;o e Controlo das Doen&#231;as &#40;ECDC&#41;&#44; desaconselham a inclus&#227;o deste f&#225;rmaco no lote dos antibacilares a serem testados rotineiramente&#46; Ambas as organiza&#231;&#245;es apontam para resultados pouco reprodut&#237;veis e&#44; portanto&#44; pouco fi&#225;veis&#46; A OMS destaca o seu elevado custo<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12&#44;13</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Tendo como base o pre&#231;o de venda &#224; Administra&#231;&#227;o Regional de Sa&#250;de do Norte dos reagentes em kit necess&#225;rios para a execu&#231;&#227;o de TSA&#44; atrav&#233;s de um sistema de culturas em meio l&#237;quido &#40;BACTEC MGIT 960&#44; Becton and Dickinson&#44; Maryland&#44; USA&#41;&#44; foram calculados os custos unit&#225;rios destas an&#225;lises&#46; O teste de sensibilidade &#224; pirazinamida custa cerca de 45&#8364;&#44; quase o triplo do valor de cada um dos restantes TSA de primeira linha&#46; Para uma avalia&#231;&#227;o do custo total de um teste seria necess&#225;rio adicionar o acr&#233;scimo do tempo dispendido&#44; bem como custos com outros reagentes e material de laborat&#243;rio diverso&#44; por exemplo&#58; meios de suspens&#227;o&#44; &#225;lcool et&#237;lico&#44; &#225;gua bidestilada&#44; pontas para micropipetas&#44; seringas&#44; agulhas&#44; etc&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Tendo em conta a realiza&#231;&#227;o&#44; devido a esta Orienta&#231;&#227;o da DGS&#44; a n&#237;vel nacional&#44; de milhares de testes de sensibilidade &#224; pirazinamida por ano&#44; estar&#225; devidamente justificado&#44; o gasto acrescido de centenas de milhares de euros&#63;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Para uma resposta negativa&#44; al&#233;m das recomenda&#231;&#245;es internacionais&#44; tamb&#233;m contribuem estudos que referem que o rastreio do <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">M&#46; bovis&#44;</span> tendo como base a monorresist&#234;ncia &#224; pirazinamida&#44; apresenta um baixo valor preditivo positivo&#44; ou que revelam a exist&#234;ncia de estirpes de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">M&#46; bovis</span> com outros padr&#245;es de resist&#234;ncia antibacilar<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14&#44;15</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A Orienta&#231;&#227;o n&#176; 13&#47;2010<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>da DGS baseia-se&#44; entre outras justifica&#231;&#245;es&#44; no aumento significativo da tuberculose bovina&#44; no entanto&#44; salienta igualmente que a infec&#231;&#227;o por <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">M&#46; bovis</span> em seres humanos &#233;&#44; hoje em dia&#44; praticamente restrita aos grupos de risco&#46; Assim sendo&#44; seria de grande interesse a aposta em novas estrat&#233;gias de preven&#231;&#227;o&#44; tal como uma melhor comunica&#231;&#227;o entre os organismos que trabalham em sa&#250;de veterin&#225;ria e em sa&#250;de humana&#44; com o intuito da referencia&#231;&#227;o de utentes mais suscept&#237;veis de contrair a doen&#231;a&#46; O teste de sensibilidade &#224; pirazinamida executado em isolados provenientes de amostras destes utentes seria assim potencializado e melhorada a sua rela&#231;&#227;o custo&#47;benef&#237;cio&#46;</p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conflito de interesses</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O autor declara n&#227;o haver conflito de interesses&#46;</p></span></span>"
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Article information
ISSN: 08732159
Original language: Portuguese
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