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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Introdu&#231;&#227;o</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A seda&#231;&#227;o na broncofibroscopia &#40;BF&#41; &#233; largamente aplicada em pa&#237;ses europeus e nos Estados Unidos da Am&#233;rica<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;2</span></a>&#46; No entanto&#44; em Portugal o seu uso n&#227;o parece constituir pr&#225;tica habitual&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A BF &#233; um procedimento que condiciona habitualmente medo e ansiedade ao doente&#46; O desconforto originado durante e ap&#243;s a BF&#44; relacionado com tosse persistente&#44; dor e dispneia&#44; &#233; igualmente comum&#46; Diversos autores demonstraram que o uso de seda&#231;&#227;o aumenta o conforto do doente e refor&#231;a a disposi&#231;&#227;o de repetir o procedimento&#44; se necess&#225;rio&#46; Al&#233;m disso&#44; pode encurtar a dura&#231;&#227;o do exame&#44; com menor n&#250;mero de interrup&#231;&#245;es&#44; fornecendo melhores condi&#231;&#245;es para a realiza&#231;&#227;o de t&#233;cnicas complexas &#40;p&#46; ex&#46; escovado e bi&#243;psia br&#244;nquica&#44; bi&#243;psia aspirativa trans-br&#244;nquica&#41; e consequentemente melhores resultados diagn&#243;sticos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#8211;4</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A escolha de um f&#225;rmaco com propriedades sedativas e respetiva dose varia com a idade do doente&#44; morbilidades associadas&#44; medica&#231;&#227;o habitual e com a prefer&#234;ncia pessoal do broncologista<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a>&#46; Os f&#225;rmacos mais comummente usados s&#227;o o midazolam e o propofol&#46; O primeiro apresenta propriedades &#243;timas para procedimentos invasivos de ambulat&#243;rio &#8211; de r&#225;pida a&#231;&#227;o&#44; semi-vida curta e poucos efeitos secund&#225;rios&#46; Alguns estudos demonstram a boa toler&#226;ncia do midazolam e a sua associa&#231;&#227;o a maior conforto do doente relativamente a outros agentes sedativos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#44;7</span></a>&#46; Outros n&#227;o apontaram diferen&#231;as significativas&#44; em termos de efici&#234;ncia e toler&#226;ncia&#44; entre o midazolam e um opi&#243;ide&#44; como agente sedativo &#250;nico na BF<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a>&#46; O risco de depress&#227;o cardio-respirat&#243;ria deve ser sempre considerado&#44; apesar da dose habitual ser baixa &#40;&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#41;&#44; da presen&#231;a de monitoriza&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca e respirat&#243;ria cont&#237;nuas e da presen&#231;a de um antagonista eficaz &#40;flumazenil&#41;&#44; o que faz com que seja uma complica&#231;&#227;o rara e control&#225;vel<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#44;8</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A seda&#231;&#227;o na BF &#233;&#44; portanto&#44; uma pr&#225;tica comum a n&#237;vel mundial&#46; O potencial efeito de depress&#227;o cardio-respirat&#243;ria&#44; especialmente quando se usa uma combina&#231;&#227;o farmacol&#243;gica dupla ou tripla&#44; obriga a presen&#231;a de medidas de seguran&#231;a eficazes&#44; incluindo monitoriza&#231;&#227;o cont&#237;nua e disponibilidade imediata de drogas antagonistas&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objetivo</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O objetivo do nosso estudo foi avaliar o uso de seda&#231;&#227;o com midazolam na BF&#44; como pr&#225;tica di&#225;ria&#44; numa unidade de broncologia&#46; O conforto e grau de satisfa&#231;&#227;o do doente foram os objetivos principais&#46; Objetivos secund&#225;rios inclu&#237;ram altera&#231;&#245;es hemodin&#226;micas&#44; efeitos colaterais e rentabilidade diagn&#243;stica&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Materiais e m&#233;todos</span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Desenho do estudo</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Este estudo prospetivo multic&#234;ntrico&#44; randomizado&#44; controlado com placebo&#44; duplamente cego&#44; com a dura&#231;&#227;o de 3 meses&#44; foi conduzido em 2 Servi&#231;os de Pneumologia &#40;Hospital de Braga e Centro Hospitalar S&#46; Jo&#227;o EPE&#41;&#44; entre Abril e Junho de 2009&#46; Foi aprovado pelas Comiss&#245;es de &#201;tica de ambos os hospitais e todos os doentes assinaram o consentimento informado&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Popula&#231;&#227;o em estudo</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Foram inclu&#237;dos 100 doentes submetidos a BF&#44; durante esse per&#237;odo&#44; os quais foram randomizados em 2 grupos com 50 indiv&#237;duos cada&#58; Grupo 1 &#40;recebeu midazolam endovenoso na dose 0&#44;05<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;Kg&#41; e Grupo 2 &#40;grupo placebo&#59; recebeu soro fisiol&#243;gico&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Foram definidos os seguintes crit&#233;rios de exclus&#227;o&#58; idade &#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>80 ou &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>18 anos&#44; insufici&#234;ncia respirat&#243;ria &#40;pO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>60<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mmHg e&#47;ou pCO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>45<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mmHg&#41;&#44; insufici&#234;ncia renal&#44; instabilidade hemodin&#226;mica&#44; doen&#231;a neurol&#243;gica&#44; plaquetas &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>50&#160;000&#47;mm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span>&#44; DPOC grave &#40;FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span> &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>50&#37;&#59; depress&#227;o respirat&#243;ria e hipoventila&#231;&#227;o na sequ&#234;ncia de seda&#231;&#227;o podem causar insufici&#234;ncia respirat&#243;ria aguda em doentes com limita&#231;&#227;o grave do fluxo a&#233;reo&#41;&#44; altera&#231;&#227;o do estado de consci&#234;ncia ou d&#233;fice cognitivo que inviabilizassem a resposta a question&#225;rios escritos&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Protocolo do estudo</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Foi realizada uma avalia&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica inicial com registo de co-morbilidades&#44; medica&#231;&#227;o usual e h&#225;bitos tab&#225;gicos&#46; A coloca&#231;&#227;o de acesso venoso perif&#233;rico e oxig&#233;nio suplementar era pr&#225;tica habitual&#46; Todos os doentes foram submetidos a monitoriza&#231;&#227;o cont&#237;nua de oximetria&#44; frequ&#234;ncia card&#237;aca e da press&#227;o arterial&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Antes da administra&#231;&#227;o de midazolam ou soro fisiol&#243;gico&#44; os doentes responderam &#224; escala de ansiedade &#171;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale</span> &#8211; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Anxiety subscale&#187;</span>&#44; no sentido de avaliar o estado basal de ansiedade pr&#233;-BF&#44; de acordo com uma escala num&#233;rica &#40;de 0 a 27&#41;&#44; e consequente classifica&#231;&#227;o dos doentes em 3 grupos&#58; &#40;1&#41; sem psicopatologia&#44; &#40;2&#41; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">borderline</span> e &#40;3&#41; com psicopatologia&#46; Foi igualmente aplicado um primeiro question&#225;rio acerca das expectativas do doente em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; BF e eventuais experi&#234;ncias anteriores &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">fig&#46; 1</a> &#8211; Question&#225;rio n&#46;&#176; 1&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Anestesia local da naso e orofar&#237;nge foi efetuada com lidoca&#237;na 10&#37; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">spray</span>&#41; ap&#243;s administra&#231;&#227;o de midazolam ou placebo&#46; O grau de seda&#231;&#227;o foi determinado usando a escala de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Ramsey Sedation Scale&#46;</span> Esta escala apresenta a seguinte pontua&#231;&#227;o&#58; 1 &#8211; ansioso&#44; agitado ou inquieto&#59; 2 &#8211; tranquilo&#44; colaborante&#44; orientado&#59; 3 &#8211; responde a comandos&#59; 4 &#8211; resposta r&#225;pida a est&#237;mulos&#59; 5 &#8211; resposta lenta a est&#237;mulos&#59; 6 &#8211; sem resposta&#46;</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Durante a BF eram registados os seguintes dados&#58; dose usada de lidoca&#237;na&#44; dura&#231;&#227;o do exame&#44; medica&#231;&#227;o usada&#44; t&#233;cnicas endosc&#243;picas realizadas&#44; oximetria&#44; frequ&#234;ncia card&#237;aca&#44; press&#227;o arterial e complica&#231;&#245;es ocorridas&#46; Uma hora ap&#243;s a conclus&#227;o da BF era pedido ao doente que respondesse a um segundo question&#225;rio sobre as principais queixas relacionadas com o procedimento e recetividade em repetir o exame&#44; se necess&#225;rio &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">fig&#46; 2</a> &#8211; Question&#225;rio n&#46;&#176; 2&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os procedimentos endosc&#243;picos foram realizados por m&#233;dicos com n&#237;veis de experi&#234;ncia vari&#225;veis&#44; incluindo internos em forma&#231;&#227;o&#44; de acordo com a organiza&#231;&#227;o local&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A an&#225;lise estat&#237;stica foi realizada pelo programa <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">SPSS v&#46;17 &#40;Chicago&#44; Illinois&#44; EUA&#41;</span>&#46; O teste <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Kolmogorov-Smirnov</span> foi efetuado para avaliar a normalidade de distribui&#231;&#227;o das vari&#225;veis&#46; Os testes <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">t-student</span> e <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mann-Whitney</span> foram usados para vari&#225;veis quantitativas e os testes Qui-quadrado e <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Fisher</span> usados para vari&#225;veis qualitativas&#46; Diferen&#231;a estatisticamente significativa foi considerada para valores de p &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;05&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Cem indiv&#237;duos foram randomizados&#44; 50 em cada grupo &#40;Grupo 1 recebeu midazolam e Grupo 2 recebeu placebo&#41;&#46; M&#233;dia de idade foi de 56 &#177; 14 anos &#40;varia&#231;&#227;o&#58; 18-79 anos&#41; sendo 66&#37; do sexo masculino&#46; Os grupos n&#227;o diferiram significativamente no que diz respeito &#224; idade&#44; sexo&#44; h&#225;bitos tab&#225;gicos&#44; n&#237;vel de escolaridade e indica&#231;&#227;o da BF &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabela 1</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A maioria &#40;65&#37;&#41; dos indiv&#237;duos n&#227;o apresentou ansiedade psico-patol&#243;gica de acordo com a escala <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">HADS-A</span> &#40;pontua&#231;&#227;o &#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>7&#41;&#59; 20&#37; pontuaram <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">borderline</span> e 15&#37; cumpriram crit&#233;rios de psicopatologia&#46;</p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O question&#225;rio 1 revelou que 51&#37; dos doentes n&#227;o se encontravam familiarizados com a BF enquanto 24&#37; relataram n&#227;o ser a sua primeira experi&#234;ncia &#40;sem diferen&#231;as entre grupos&#41;&#46; Os principais receios apontados&#44; relacionados com a BF&#44; foram os resultados do exame &#40;41&#37;&#41; e falta de ar &#40;23&#37;&#41; e 30&#37; dos doentes negaram qualquer receio em particular&#46;</p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Ramsey sedation scale</span> foi aplicada para avaliar o grau de seda&#231;&#227;o ap&#243;s administra&#231;&#227;o de midazolam ou placebo &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">tabela 2</a>&#41;&#46; A pontua&#231;&#227;o m&#233;dia foi de 2&#44;77 &#177; 1&#44;19 no Grupo 1 e de 1&#44;72 &#177; 0&#44;50 no Grupo 2&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Doentes do Grupo 1 receberam uma dose m&#233;dia de 2&#44;56 &#177; 1&#44;61<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg de midazolam &#40;1&#44;0 &#8211; 5&#44;75<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#41;&#46; Relativamente &#224; dura&#231;&#227;o da BF e &#224; dose m&#233;dia de lidoca&#237;na usada n&#227;o se observaram diferen&#231;as significativas entre os grupos&#46; A dose m&#233;dia de lidoca&#237;na usada no Grupo 1 e Grupo 2 foi de 302 &#177; 91<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg e 313 &#177; 83<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#44; respetivamente&#46; A dura&#231;&#227;o da BF foi semelhante em ambos os grupos &#40;13&#44;6 &#177; 6&#44;9 e 14&#44;0 &#177; 7&#44;2 minutos&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Ocorreram complica&#231;&#245;es num doente do Grupo 1 &#40;dessatura&#231;&#227;o&#41; e em 3 doentes do Grupo 2 &#40;dessatura&#231;&#227;o&#44; hipotens&#227;o e broncoespasmo&#41;&#46; A administra&#231;&#227;o de flumazenil&#44; para antagoniza&#231;&#227;o do midazolam&#44; n&#227;o foi necess&#225;ria em nenhum caso&#46;</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Foram analisados os par&#226;metros hemodin&#226;micos e cardiovasculares antes&#44; durante e depois da BF&#44; e comparados entre os grupos &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">tabela 3</a>&#41;&#46; Antes da BF&#44; a press&#227;o arterial &#40;134&#47;78 vs 138&#47;80<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mmHg&#41;&#44; frequ&#234;ncia card&#237;aca &#40;80 vs 82 batimentos&#47;min&#41; e valores de sO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> &#40;98&#44;6 vs 98&#44;6&#37;&#41; foram semelhantes entre os grupos&#46; No Grupo 1 a press&#227;o sist&#243;lica m&#233;dia manteve-se est&#225;vel durante e ap&#243;s a BF &#40;135<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mmHg&#41; enquanto no Grupo 2 observou-se um aumento de 138<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mmHg inicial para 151<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mmHg durante a BF &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&#41; e para 152<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mmHg no final da BF &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;003&#41;&#46; Da mesma forma&#44; a frequ&#234;ncia card&#237;aca aumentou&#44; durante a BF&#44; para 91 bpm&#47;min no Grupo 1 e 94 bpm&#47;min no Grupo 2&#44; assim como&#44; ap&#243;s a BF&#44; para 91 bpm&#47;min no Grupo 1 e 88 bpm&#47;min no Grupo 2 &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;05&#41;&#46; N&#227;o ocorreram altera&#231;&#245;es significativas entre os 2 grupos&#44; no que diz respeito &#224; satO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> durante e ap&#243;s a BF &#40;Grupo 1 &#8211; 97&#44;0&#37;&#59; Grupo 2 &#8211; 97&#44;6&#37;&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;05&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O question&#225;rio n&#46;&#176; 2 avaliou as principais queixas e a recetividade em repetir o exame se necess&#225;rio &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0020">tabela 4</a>&#41;&#46; Dezoito doentes n&#227;o referiram qualquer queixa relacionada com a BF&#44; sendo que 15 pertenciam ao Grupo 1 &#40;p&#61;0&#44;002&#41;&#46; A anestesia t&#243;pica da nasofaringe foi definida como o pior momento da BF por 50 doentes &#40;20 do Grupo 1 e 30 do Grupo 2&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;05&#41;&#46; A passagem do broncofibrosc&#243;pio pelas fossas nasais &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;05&#41; e pelas cordas vocais &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;017&#41; foram habitualmente apontados como a queixa principal e foram mais frequentes no Grupo 2&#46; Queixas relativamente a t&#233;cnicas endosc&#243;picas&#44; n&#225;usea e dor n&#227;o foram significativamente diferentes entre os grupos&#46; A dispneia &#40;Grupo 1 &#8211; 2&#37;&#59; Grupo 2 &#8211; 34&#37;&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&#41; e a tosse &#40;Grupo 1 &#8211; 32&#37;&#59; Grupo 2 &#8211; 56&#37;&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;003&#41; foram definidas como a principal queixa na BF por um n&#250;mero significativamente superior de doentes do Grupo 2 em rela&#231;&#227;o ao Grupo 1&#46; Quinze doentes queixaram-se do per&#237;odo de espera e 7 acerca da forma como o exame foi explicado&#44; sem diferen&#231;a entre os grupos&#46; A aceitabilidade dos doentes em repetir o exame foi de 100&#37; no Grupo 1 e 82&#37; no Grupo 2&#44; com diferen&#231;a estat&#237;stica significativa &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;003&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0020"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Discuss&#227;o</span><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O midazolam &#233; largamente usado na BF para seda&#231;&#227;o ligeira&#44; devido &#224;s suas propriedades farmacol&#243;gicas<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a>&#46; No nosso estudo observamos que a administra&#231;&#227;o de midazolam numa dose baixa &#40;0&#44;05<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;kg&#41; a doentes submetidos a BF&#44; melhorou significativamente o seu conforto&#44; comparativamente com um grupo controlo com placebo&#46; Diminuiu ainda o receio e a rejei&#231;&#227;o em repetir o procedimento&#46; Estes dados s&#227;o consistentes com outros estudos&#44; de desenho semelhante&#44; usando grupos randomizados&#44; que compararam midazolam com placebo<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#44;10</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Num estudo randomizado com 69 doentes&#44; comparando midazolam com alfentanil&#44; n&#227;o se observaram diferen&#231;as significativas relativamente ao conforto e toler&#226;ncia do doente&#44; &#224; facilidade em realizar a BF e &#224; oximetria de pulso&#46; O alfentanil esteve associado a menos tosse&#44; contudo o midazolam foi a escolha preferencial dos doentes<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a>&#46; Outro estudo observou que o regime combinado de midazolam com alfentanil resultou em risco aumentado de dessatura&#231;&#227;o durante a BF quando comparado ao uso isolado de cada f&#225;rmaco<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a>&#44; sem vantagem significativa no que diz respeito ao conforto do doente&#46;</p><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Estudos que compararam midazolam com propofol n&#227;o mostraram igualmente diferen&#231;as relativamente ao conforto do doente e altera&#231;&#245;es hemodin&#226;micas&#44; apesar do grupo que recebeu propofol ter apresentado recupera&#231;&#227;o de consci&#234;ncia mais r&#225;pida<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13&#44;14</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Recentemente&#44; novos f&#225;rmacos sedativos t&#234;m sido usados&#44; nomeadamente o fospropofol que apresenta um menor pico de concentra&#231;&#227;o comparado com o propofol<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a>&#46; No entanto&#44; s&#227;o necess&#225;rios mais estudos&#44; para al&#233;m de este f&#225;rmaco n&#227;o se encontrar ainda dispon&#237;vel em Portugal&#46;</p><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">No nosso estudo&#44; os doentes randomizados com midazolam e placebo apresentaram caracter&#237;sticas demogr&#225;ficas semelhantes&#46; A ansiedade basal e poss&#237;veis dist&#250;rbios psicol&#243;gicos foram avaliados pela escala <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">HADS-A</span>&#46; O objetivo foi determinar se os resultados poderiam ser influenciados por um estado psicopatol&#243;gico basal e assegurar que n&#227;o existiria diferen&#231;as significativas entre os grupos&#46; De facto&#44; a maioria dos doentes n&#227;o apresentava psicopatologia&#44; de acordo com a escala <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">HADS-A</span>&#44; com uma distribui&#231;&#227;o semelhante entre os grupos&#46;</p><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Surpreendentemente&#44; verificamos uma percentagem significativa de doentes que negaram qualquer receio em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; realiza&#231;&#227;o de BF &#40;30&#37;&#41; no question&#225;rio n&#46;&#176; 1&#46; Com efeito&#44; o receio antes do procedimento &#233; praticamente universal<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a>&#46; Isto pode ser influenciado por v&#225;rios fatores&#44; como o n&#237;vel de informa&#231;&#227;o disponibilizada<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a> ou forma de abordagem &#40;escrita vs verbal&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os par&#226;metros avaliados antes da BF e aqueles relacionados com o pr&#243;prio procedimento&#44; como a sua dura&#231;&#227;o&#44; t&#233;cnicas endosc&#243;picas&#44; dose de lidoca&#237;na e complica&#231;&#245;es&#44; n&#227;o foram influenciados pela seda&#231;&#227;o com midazolam&#46; A seda&#231;&#227;o ligeira e consciente foi conseguida com uma dose baixa de midazolam &#40;media 2&#44;6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#41;&#44; com apenas 6 doentes com uma pontua&#231;&#227;o &#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>4 na <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Ramsey Sedation Scale</span>&#44; &#224; semelhan&#231;a de outros trabalhos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a>&#46; Nenhum indiv&#237;duo obteve a pontua&#231;&#227;o m&#225;xima de 6 &#40;sem resposta a est&#237;mulos&#41; e o flumazenil n&#227;o foi necess&#225;rio em nenhuma situa&#231;&#227;o&#46; Esta aus&#234;ncia de complica&#231;&#245;es relacionadas com a seda&#231;&#227;o deve contribuir para o seu uso generalizado na BF&#46;</p><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Altera&#231;&#245;es hemodin&#226;micas durante a BF resultam frequentemente na eleva&#231;&#227;o da press&#227;o arterial e da frequ&#234;ncia card&#237;aca e na diminui&#231;&#227;o da SatO2&#46;&#46; O procedimento em si e o uso de agentes sedativos podem ser respons&#225;veis por epis&#243;dios de dessatura&#231;&#227;o<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;8</span></a>&#46; No nosso estudo observamos um efeito de estabiliza&#231;&#227;o da press&#227;o arterial sist&#243;lica&#44; durante e depois da BF&#44; em indiv&#237;duos que receberam midazolam &#40;135 vs 152<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mmHg&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;003&#41;&#46; Estes resultados s&#227;o consistentes com outros estudos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a>&#44; onde a hipertens&#227;o arterial &#233; mais frequente no grupo placebo&#46; Diferen&#231;as significativas&#44; relativamente &#224; frequ&#234;ncia card&#237;aca e &#224; satO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#44; n&#227;o foram observadas entre os grupos&#46; Ocorreram 2 epis&#243;dios de dessatura&#231;&#227;o&#44; um em cada grupo&#46;</p><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O conforto do doente&#44; durante a BF&#44; foi aferido atrav&#233;s de um question&#225;rio escrito&#44; uma hora ap&#243;s a conclus&#227;o do exame&#46; A dor &#40;Grupo 1 &#8211; 4&#37;&#59; Grupo 2 &#8211; 12&#37;&#41; e a n&#225;usea &#40;Grupo 1 &#8211; 6&#37;&#59; Grupo 2 &#8211; 18&#37;&#41; foi rara em ambos os grupos&#44; sem diferen&#231;as estatisticamente significativas &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;05&#41;&#46; No entanto&#44; os doentes que receberam midazolam queixaram-se menos frequentemente de dispneia &#40;2 vs 34&#37;&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&#41; e tosse &#40;32 vs 56&#37;&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;003&#41; e houve ainda uma percentagem significativa de doentes&#44; neste grupo&#44; que negaram qualquer evento desconfort&#225;vel &#40;30 vs 6&#37;&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;002&#41;&#46; Os doentes que receberam midazolam demonstraram maior toler&#226;ncia &#224; BF e a recetibilidade em repetir o procedimento&#44; neste grupo&#44; foi universal &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;003&#41;&#44; sendo um indicador da satisfa&#231;&#227;o do doente&#46;</p><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Concluindo&#44; conduzimos um estudo que&#44; na nossa opini&#227;o&#44; oferece evid&#234;ncia s&#243;lida para o uso habitual de midazolam na BF&#44; na medida em que incluiu um n&#250;mero consider&#225;vel de doentes&#44; de dois Servi&#231;os de Pneumologia de diferentes hospitais portugueses&#46; Este estudo controlado por placebo revelou que doentes que receberam midazolam demonstraram maior toler&#226;ncia ao procedimento e maior probabilidade em aceitar repetir o exame&#46; Esta seda&#231;&#227;o ligeira est&#225; associada a estabilidade hemodin&#226;mica e aus&#234;ncia de complica&#231;&#245;es graves&#44; o que deve encorajar o seu uso&#44; como pr&#225;tica de rotina di&#225;ria&#44; em doentes sem contraindica&#231;&#245;es&#46; T&#234;m vindo a ser publicadas atualiza&#231;&#245;es relativas a outros f&#225;rmacos&#44; com uso potencial na BF&#44; para assegurar maior conforto ao doente<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a> e&#44; de facto&#44; a literatura existente suporta a seguran&#231;a e a efic&#225;cia desta abordagem&#44; sempre que s&#227;o usados os agentes apropriados&#44; em doentes bem selecionados<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18&#44;19</span></a>&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conflito de interesses</span><p id="par0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os autores declaram n&#227;o haver conflito de interesses&#46;</p></span></span>"
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            2 => "Broncofibroscopia"
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    "resumen" => array:2 [
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        "titulo" => "Resumo"
        "resumen" => "<span><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Introdu&#231;&#227;o</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Os agentes sedativos t&#234;m vindo a ser cada vez mais utilizados na broncofibroscopia &#40;BF&#41; para melhorar o conforto do doente&#46; Devido &#224; sua r&#225;pida a&#231;&#227;o&#44; propriedades ansiol&#237;ticas e amn&#233;sicas&#44; o midazolam &#233; um dos sedativos mais frequentemente usados&#46;</p></span> <span><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objetivos</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Avaliar o efeito da seda&#231;&#227;o com midazolam na BF&#44; incluindo a toler&#226;ncia do doente&#44; complica&#231;&#245;es e a sua potencial aplica&#231;&#227;o na pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica di&#225;ria&#46;</p></span> <span><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Material e m&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudo multic&#234;ntrico&#44; prospetivo&#44; randomizado&#44; controlado com placebo&#44; com inclus&#227;o de 100 indiv&#237;duos submetidos a BF em 2 Servi&#231;os de Pneumologia&#46; Doentes do Grupo 1 receberam midazolam &#40;0&#44;05<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;kg&#41; e doentes do Grupo 2 receberam placebo &#40;0&#44;9&#37; NaCl&#41;&#44; 5 minutos antes do procedimento&#46; A escala de ansiedade &#171;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale&#187;</span> &#40;HADS-A&#41; foi aplicada para determinar o n&#237;vel de ansiedade basal do doente&#46; Question&#225;rios subjetivos acerca dos principais receios e queixas relativamente &#224; BF foram aplicados antes e depois do exame&#46;</p></span> <span><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">M&#233;dia de idades de 56&#44;0 &#177; 14&#44;1 anos&#59; 66&#37; do sexo masculino&#46; A maioria &#40;65&#37;&#41; dos doentes apresentava baixa pontua&#231;&#227;o &#40;&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>7&#41; na escala HADS-A&#44; sem diferen&#231;a entre grupos&#46; N&#227;o se observaram diferen&#231;as significativas entre os 2 grupos no que diz respeito &#224; dura&#231;&#227;o da BF&#44; procedimentos realizados&#44; dose total de lidoca&#237;na usada e complica&#231;&#245;es observadas&#46; A press&#227;o arterial sist&#243;lica foi significativamente mais elevada &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;003&#41;&#44; durante e ap&#243;s a BF&#44; nos indiv&#237;duos do Grupo 2&#46; Os doentes do Grupo 1 apresentaram menos tosse &#40;32 vs 56&#37;&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;03&#41; e dispneia &#40;2&#37; vs 34&#37;&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&#41; comparativamente com o Grupo 2&#44; n&#227;o se registando diferen&#231;as significativas relativamente &#224; n&#225;usea &#40;6 vs 18&#37;&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;05&#41; e &#224; dor &#40;4 vs 12&#37;&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;05&#41;&#46; Foi demonstrada recetibilidade em repetir o exame por todos os doentes do Grupo 1 e em 82&#37; dos doentes do Grupo 2 &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;003&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclus&#227;o</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A seda&#231;&#227;o com midazolam na BF aumentou o conforto e diminuiu queixas dos doentes&#44; n&#227;o se verificando altera&#231;&#245;es hemodin&#226;micas significativas&#46; Deve ser pois oferecida&#44; de forma regular&#44; ao doente submetido a BF&#46;</p></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Introduction</span><p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Sedatives have been increasingly used to improve patient comfort during flexible bronchoscopy &#40;FOB&#41;&#46; Due to its rapid-onset&#44; anxiolytic and amnestic properties&#44; midazolam is one of the most commonly used sedatives&#46;</p></span> <span><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objectives</span><p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To evaluate the effect of sedation with midazolam&#44; including patient tolerance&#44; complications and its potential use on a daily routine basis&#46;</p></span> <span><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Material and methods</span><p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A multi-centre&#44; prospective&#44; randomized&#44; placebo-controlled study was made on 100 patients submitted to FOB in two Pulmonology Departments&#46; Midazolam &#40;0&#46;05<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;kg&#41; was administered to patients in Group 1 and saline solution &#40;0&#44;9&#37; NaCl&#41; to patients in Group 2&#44; five minutes before the procedure&#46; The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale &#40;HADS-A&#41; was used to determine patient anxiety level&#46; Subjective questionnaires concerning main fears and complaints were answered before and after FOB&#46;</p></span> <span><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Mean age was 56&#46;0 &#177; 14&#46;1 years&#59; 66&#37; male&#46; Most &#40;65&#37;&#41; patients had low score &#40;&#60;7&#41; in HADS-A scale with no difference between groups&#46; No significant differences were seen between groups concerning FOB duration&#44; procedures&#44; lidocaine dosage and complications&#46; Systolic blood pressure during and after FOB was significantly higher &#40;p&#60;0&#46;003&#41; in Group 2&#46; Patients in Group 1 experienced less cough &#40;32&#37; vs 56&#37;&#59; p&#61;0&#46;03&#41; and dyspnea &#40;2&#37; vs 34&#37;&#59; p&#60;0&#46;001&#41; than in Group 2&#44; while nausea &#40;6&#37; vs 18&#37;&#59; p&#62;0&#46;05&#41; and pain &#40;4&#37; vs 12&#37;&#59; p&#62;0&#46;05&#41; were not statistically different&#46; Willingness to repeat the exam was reported in all patients in Group 1 and in 82&#37; in Group 2 &#40;p&#61;0&#46;003&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusion</span><p id="spar0075" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Sedation with midazolam in FOB improved patient&#39;s comfort and decreased complaints&#44; without significant haemodynamic changes&#46; It should be offered to the patient on a routine basis&#46;</p></span>"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0110" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">BF&#58; broncofibroscopia&#59; HADS-A&#58; Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale&#59; NA&#58; not applicable&#59; NS&#58; non significant&#46;</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Vari&#225;vel&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Total &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>100&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Grupo 1 &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>50&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Grupo 2 &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>50&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">p&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Idade&#44; anos &#40;m&#233;dia&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">56&#44;0 &#177; 14&#44;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">55&#44;0 &#177; 14&#44;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">57&#44;1 &#177; 13&#44;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Sexo &#40;F&#47;M&#41;&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">34 &#40;34&#41; &#47; 66 &#40;66&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">18 &#40;36&#41; &#47; 32 &#40;64&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">16 &#40;32&#41; &#47; 34 &#40;68&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H&#225;bitos tab&#225;gicos&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Fumador&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">27 &#40;27&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">14 &#40;28&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">13 &#40;26&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Ex-fumador&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">25 &#40;25&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">11 &#40;22&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">14 &#40;28&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>N&#227;o fumador&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">48 &#40;48&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">25 &#40;50&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">23 &#40;46&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">N&#237;vel de escolaridade&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>4 anos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">21 &#40;21&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">12 &#40;24&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">9 &#40;18&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>4-9 anos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">58 &#40;58&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">29 &#40;58&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">29 &#40;58&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>9-12 anos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">10 &#40;10&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">5 &#40;10&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">5 &#40;10&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>12 anos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">11 &#40;11&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">4 &#40;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">7 &#40;14&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Indica&#231;&#227;o da BF&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Neoplasia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">29 &#40;29&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">12 &#40;24&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">17 &#40;34&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Infec&#231;&#227;o&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">14 &#40;14&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">5 &#40;10&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">9 &#40;18&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Doen&#231;a intersticial pulmonar&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">16 &#40;16&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">9 &#40;18&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">7 &#40;14&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Hemoptises&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">16 &#40;16&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">8 &#40;16&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">8 &#40;16&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Outra&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">25 &#40;25&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">16 &#40;32&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">9 &#40;18&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Pontua&#231;&#227;o da HADS-A&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Sem psicopatologia &#40;0-7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">65 &#40;65&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">34 &#40;68&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">31 &#40;62&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Borderline &#40;8-10&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">20 &#40;20&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">10 &#40;20&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">10 &#40;20&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Com psicopatologia &#40;11-27&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">15 &#40;15&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">6 &#40;12&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">9 &#40;18&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">BF anterior &#40;sim&#47;n&#227;o&#41;&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">24 &#40;24&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">8 &#40;16&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">16 &#40;32&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Dose midazolam&#44; mg &#40;m&#233;dia&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">NA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&#44;56 &#177; 1&#44;61&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">NA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">NA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Dura&#231;&#227;o FB&#44; minutos &#40;m&#233;dia&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">13&#44;8 &#177; 7&#44;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">13&#44;6 &#177; 6&#44;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">14&#44;0 &#177; 7&#44;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Dose lidoca&#237;na&#44; mg &#40;m&#233;dia&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">308 &#177; 87&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">302 &#177; 91&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">313 &#177; 83&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Complica&#231;&#245;es&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">4 &#40;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1 &#40;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3 &#40;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
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                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Ramsey Sedation Scale</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Grupo 1 &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>50&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Grupo 2 &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>50&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1 &#8211; Ansioso&#44; agitado ou inquieto&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">15&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2 &#8211; Tranquilo&#44; colaborante&#44; orientado&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">25&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">34&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3 &#8211; Responde a comandos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">4 &#8211; Resposta r&#225;pida a est&#237;mulos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">5 &#8211; Resposta lenta a est&#237;mulos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">6 &#8211; Sem resposta&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Dados incompletos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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                  <table border="0" frame="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col">Vari&#225;vel&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="3" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Antes da BF</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="3" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Durante a BF</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="3" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Depois da BF</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Grupo 1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Grupo 2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Grupo 1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Grupo 2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Grupo 1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Grupo 2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Press&#227;o arterial sist&#243;lica &#40;mmHg&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">134&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">138&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">135&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">151&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">135&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">152&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;003&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Press&#227;o arterial diast&#243;lica &#40;mmHg&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">78&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">80&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">77&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">81&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">79&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">84&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Frequ&#234;ncia card&#237;aca &#40;bpm&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">80&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">82&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">91&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">94&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">91&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">88&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Satura&#231;&#227;o de oxig&#233;nio &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">98&#44;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">98&#44;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">97&#44;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">98&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">97&#44;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">97&#44;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Vari&#225;vel&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Grupo 1 &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>50&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Grupo 2 &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>50&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Quest&#227;o n&#46;&#176; 1&#58; Pior momento</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Tempo de espera&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">10 &#40;20&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">5 &#40;10&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Forma como foi explicado o exame&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3 &#40;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">4 &#40;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Anestesia t&#243;pica do nariz e orofar&#237;nge&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">20 &#40;40&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">30 &#40;60&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Passagem do broncosc&#243;pio pelo nariz&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">5 &#40;10&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">12 &#40;24&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Passagem do broncosc&#243;pio pelas cordas vocais&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">4 &#40;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">13 &#40;26&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;017&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>T&#233;cnicas endosc&#243;picas&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3 &#40;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">9 &#40;18&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Sem momentos desagrad&#225;veis&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">15 &#40;30&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3 &#40;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;002&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Quest&#227;o n&#46;&#176; 2&#58; Principal queixa</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>N&#225;usea&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3 &#40;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">9 &#40;18&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Tosse&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">16 &#40;32&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">28 &#40;56&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;030&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Dispneia&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1 &#40;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">17 &#40;34&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Dor&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2 &#40;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6 &#40;12&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Quest&#227;o n&#46;&#176; 3&#58; Recetibilidade em repetir o exame&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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Artigo original
Sedação com midazolam na broncofibroscopia – estudo prospetivo
Sedation with midazolam in flexible bronchoscopy – a prospective study
R. Roloa,
Corresponding author
rui.rolo@sapo.pt

Autor para correspondência.
, P.C. Motab, F. Coelhob, D. Alvesa, G. Fernandesb,c, J. Cunhaa, V. Hespanholb,c, A. Magalhãesb,c
a Serviço de Pneumologia, Hospital de Braga, Braga, Portugal
b Serviço de Pneumologia, Centro Hospitalar São João EPE, Porto, Portugal
c Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Introdu&#231;&#227;o</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A seda&#231;&#227;o na broncofibroscopia &#40;BF&#41; &#233; largamente aplicada em pa&#237;ses europeus e nos Estados Unidos da Am&#233;rica<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;2</span></a>&#46; No entanto&#44; em Portugal o seu uso n&#227;o parece constituir pr&#225;tica habitual&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A BF &#233; um procedimento que condiciona habitualmente medo e ansiedade ao doente&#46; O desconforto originado durante e ap&#243;s a BF&#44; relacionado com tosse persistente&#44; dor e dispneia&#44; &#233; igualmente comum&#46; Diversos autores demonstraram que o uso de seda&#231;&#227;o aumenta o conforto do doente e refor&#231;a a disposi&#231;&#227;o de repetir o procedimento&#44; se necess&#225;rio&#46; Al&#233;m disso&#44; pode encurtar a dura&#231;&#227;o do exame&#44; com menor n&#250;mero de interrup&#231;&#245;es&#44; fornecendo melhores condi&#231;&#245;es para a realiza&#231;&#227;o de t&#233;cnicas complexas &#40;p&#46; ex&#46; escovado e bi&#243;psia br&#244;nquica&#44; bi&#243;psia aspirativa trans-br&#244;nquica&#41; e consequentemente melhores resultados diagn&#243;sticos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#8211;4</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A escolha de um f&#225;rmaco com propriedades sedativas e respetiva dose varia com a idade do doente&#44; morbilidades associadas&#44; medica&#231;&#227;o habitual e com a prefer&#234;ncia pessoal do broncologista<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a>&#46; Os f&#225;rmacos mais comummente usados s&#227;o o midazolam e o propofol&#46; O primeiro apresenta propriedades &#243;timas para procedimentos invasivos de ambulat&#243;rio &#8211; de r&#225;pida a&#231;&#227;o&#44; semi-vida curta e poucos efeitos secund&#225;rios&#46; Alguns estudos demonstram a boa toler&#226;ncia do midazolam e a sua associa&#231;&#227;o a maior conforto do doente relativamente a outros agentes sedativos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#44;7</span></a>&#46; Outros n&#227;o apontaram diferen&#231;as significativas&#44; em termos de efici&#234;ncia e toler&#226;ncia&#44; entre o midazolam e um opi&#243;ide&#44; como agente sedativo &#250;nico na BF<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a>&#46; O risco de depress&#227;o cardio-respirat&#243;ria deve ser sempre considerado&#44; apesar da dose habitual ser baixa &#40;&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#41;&#44; da presen&#231;a de monitoriza&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca e respirat&#243;ria cont&#237;nuas e da presen&#231;a de um antagonista eficaz &#40;flumazenil&#41;&#44; o que faz com que seja uma complica&#231;&#227;o rara e control&#225;vel<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#44;8</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A seda&#231;&#227;o na BF &#233;&#44; portanto&#44; uma pr&#225;tica comum a n&#237;vel mundial&#46; O potencial efeito de depress&#227;o cardio-respirat&#243;ria&#44; especialmente quando se usa uma combina&#231;&#227;o farmacol&#243;gica dupla ou tripla&#44; obriga a presen&#231;a de medidas de seguran&#231;a eficazes&#44; incluindo monitoriza&#231;&#227;o cont&#237;nua e disponibilidade imediata de drogas antagonistas&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objetivo</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O objetivo do nosso estudo foi avaliar o uso de seda&#231;&#227;o com midazolam na BF&#44; como pr&#225;tica di&#225;ria&#44; numa unidade de broncologia&#46; O conforto e grau de satisfa&#231;&#227;o do doente foram os objetivos principais&#46; Objetivos secund&#225;rios inclu&#237;ram altera&#231;&#245;es hemodin&#226;micas&#44; efeitos colaterais e rentabilidade diagn&#243;stica&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Materiais e m&#233;todos</span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Desenho do estudo</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Este estudo prospetivo multic&#234;ntrico&#44; randomizado&#44; controlado com placebo&#44; duplamente cego&#44; com a dura&#231;&#227;o de 3 meses&#44; foi conduzido em 2 Servi&#231;os de Pneumologia &#40;Hospital de Braga e Centro Hospitalar S&#46; Jo&#227;o EPE&#41;&#44; entre Abril e Junho de 2009&#46; Foi aprovado pelas Comiss&#245;es de &#201;tica de ambos os hospitais e todos os doentes assinaram o consentimento informado&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Popula&#231;&#227;o em estudo</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Foram inclu&#237;dos 100 doentes submetidos a BF&#44; durante esse per&#237;odo&#44; os quais foram randomizados em 2 grupos com 50 indiv&#237;duos cada&#58; Grupo 1 &#40;recebeu midazolam endovenoso na dose 0&#44;05<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;Kg&#41; e Grupo 2 &#40;grupo placebo&#59; recebeu soro fisiol&#243;gico&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Foram definidos os seguintes crit&#233;rios de exclus&#227;o&#58; idade &#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>80 ou &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>18 anos&#44; insufici&#234;ncia respirat&#243;ria &#40;pO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>60<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mmHg e&#47;ou pCO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>45<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mmHg&#41;&#44; insufici&#234;ncia renal&#44; instabilidade hemodin&#226;mica&#44; doen&#231;a neurol&#243;gica&#44; plaquetas &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>50&#160;000&#47;mm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span>&#44; DPOC grave &#40;FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span> &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>50&#37;&#59; depress&#227;o respirat&#243;ria e hipoventila&#231;&#227;o na sequ&#234;ncia de seda&#231;&#227;o podem causar insufici&#234;ncia respirat&#243;ria aguda em doentes com limita&#231;&#227;o grave do fluxo a&#233;reo&#41;&#44; altera&#231;&#227;o do estado de consci&#234;ncia ou d&#233;fice cognitivo que inviabilizassem a resposta a question&#225;rios escritos&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Protocolo do estudo</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Foi realizada uma avalia&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica inicial com registo de co-morbilidades&#44; medica&#231;&#227;o usual e h&#225;bitos tab&#225;gicos&#46; A coloca&#231;&#227;o de acesso venoso perif&#233;rico e oxig&#233;nio suplementar era pr&#225;tica habitual&#46; Todos os doentes foram submetidos a monitoriza&#231;&#227;o cont&#237;nua de oximetria&#44; frequ&#234;ncia card&#237;aca e da press&#227;o arterial&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Antes da administra&#231;&#227;o de midazolam ou soro fisiol&#243;gico&#44; os doentes responderam &#224; escala de ansiedade &#171;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale</span> &#8211; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Anxiety subscale&#187;</span>&#44; no sentido de avaliar o estado basal de ansiedade pr&#233;-BF&#44; de acordo com uma escala num&#233;rica &#40;de 0 a 27&#41;&#44; e consequente classifica&#231;&#227;o dos doentes em 3 grupos&#58; &#40;1&#41; sem psicopatologia&#44; &#40;2&#41; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">borderline</span> e &#40;3&#41; com psicopatologia&#46; Foi igualmente aplicado um primeiro question&#225;rio acerca das expectativas do doente em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; BF e eventuais experi&#234;ncias anteriores &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">fig&#46; 1</a> &#8211; Question&#225;rio n&#46;&#176; 1&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Anestesia local da naso e orofar&#237;nge foi efetuada com lidoca&#237;na 10&#37; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">spray</span>&#41; ap&#243;s administra&#231;&#227;o de midazolam ou placebo&#46; O grau de seda&#231;&#227;o foi determinado usando a escala de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Ramsey Sedation Scale&#46;</span> Esta escala apresenta a seguinte pontua&#231;&#227;o&#58; 1 &#8211; ansioso&#44; agitado ou inquieto&#59; 2 &#8211; tranquilo&#44; colaborante&#44; orientado&#59; 3 &#8211; responde a comandos&#59; 4 &#8211; resposta r&#225;pida a est&#237;mulos&#59; 5 &#8211; resposta lenta a est&#237;mulos&#59; 6 &#8211; sem resposta&#46;</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Durante a BF eram registados os seguintes dados&#58; dose usada de lidoca&#237;na&#44; dura&#231;&#227;o do exame&#44; medica&#231;&#227;o usada&#44; t&#233;cnicas endosc&#243;picas realizadas&#44; oximetria&#44; frequ&#234;ncia card&#237;aca&#44; press&#227;o arterial e complica&#231;&#245;es ocorridas&#46; Uma hora ap&#243;s a conclus&#227;o da BF era pedido ao doente que respondesse a um segundo question&#225;rio sobre as principais queixas relacionadas com o procedimento e recetividade em repetir o exame&#44; se necess&#225;rio &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">fig&#46; 2</a> &#8211; Question&#225;rio n&#46;&#176; 2&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os procedimentos endosc&#243;picos foram realizados por m&#233;dicos com n&#237;veis de experi&#234;ncia vari&#225;veis&#44; incluindo internos em forma&#231;&#227;o&#44; de acordo com a organiza&#231;&#227;o local&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A an&#225;lise estat&#237;stica foi realizada pelo programa <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">SPSS v&#46;17 &#40;Chicago&#44; Illinois&#44; EUA&#41;</span>&#46; O teste <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Kolmogorov-Smirnov</span> foi efetuado para avaliar a normalidade de distribui&#231;&#227;o das vari&#225;veis&#46; Os testes <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">t-student</span> e <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mann-Whitney</span> foram usados para vari&#225;veis quantitativas e os testes Qui-quadrado e <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Fisher</span> usados para vari&#225;veis qualitativas&#46; Diferen&#231;a estatisticamente significativa foi considerada para valores de p &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;05&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Cem indiv&#237;duos foram randomizados&#44; 50 em cada grupo &#40;Grupo 1 recebeu midazolam e Grupo 2 recebeu placebo&#41;&#46; M&#233;dia de idade foi de 56 &#177; 14 anos &#40;varia&#231;&#227;o&#58; 18-79 anos&#41; sendo 66&#37; do sexo masculino&#46; Os grupos n&#227;o diferiram significativamente no que diz respeito &#224; idade&#44; sexo&#44; h&#225;bitos tab&#225;gicos&#44; n&#237;vel de escolaridade e indica&#231;&#227;o da BF &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabela 1</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A maioria &#40;65&#37;&#41; dos indiv&#237;duos n&#227;o apresentou ansiedade psico-patol&#243;gica de acordo com a escala <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">HADS-A</span> &#40;pontua&#231;&#227;o &#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>7&#41;&#59; 20&#37; pontuaram <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">borderline</span> e 15&#37; cumpriram crit&#233;rios de psicopatologia&#46;</p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O question&#225;rio 1 revelou que 51&#37; dos doentes n&#227;o se encontravam familiarizados com a BF enquanto 24&#37; relataram n&#227;o ser a sua primeira experi&#234;ncia &#40;sem diferen&#231;as entre grupos&#41;&#46; Os principais receios apontados&#44; relacionados com a BF&#44; foram os resultados do exame &#40;41&#37;&#41; e falta de ar &#40;23&#37;&#41; e 30&#37; dos doentes negaram qualquer receio em particular&#46;</p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Ramsey sedation scale</span> foi aplicada para avaliar o grau de seda&#231;&#227;o ap&#243;s administra&#231;&#227;o de midazolam ou placebo &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">tabela 2</a>&#41;&#46; A pontua&#231;&#227;o m&#233;dia foi de 2&#44;77 &#177; 1&#44;19 no Grupo 1 e de 1&#44;72 &#177; 0&#44;50 no Grupo 2&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Doentes do Grupo 1 receberam uma dose m&#233;dia de 2&#44;56 &#177; 1&#44;61<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg de midazolam &#40;1&#44;0 &#8211; 5&#44;75<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#41;&#46; Relativamente &#224; dura&#231;&#227;o da BF e &#224; dose m&#233;dia de lidoca&#237;na usada n&#227;o se observaram diferen&#231;as significativas entre os grupos&#46; A dose m&#233;dia de lidoca&#237;na usada no Grupo 1 e Grupo 2 foi de 302 &#177; 91<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg e 313 &#177; 83<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#44; respetivamente&#46; A dura&#231;&#227;o da BF foi semelhante em ambos os grupos &#40;13&#44;6 &#177; 6&#44;9 e 14&#44;0 &#177; 7&#44;2 minutos&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Ocorreram complica&#231;&#245;es num doente do Grupo 1 &#40;dessatura&#231;&#227;o&#41; e em 3 doentes do Grupo 2 &#40;dessatura&#231;&#227;o&#44; hipotens&#227;o e broncoespasmo&#41;&#46; A administra&#231;&#227;o de flumazenil&#44; para antagoniza&#231;&#227;o do midazolam&#44; n&#227;o foi necess&#225;ria em nenhum caso&#46;</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Foram analisados os par&#226;metros hemodin&#226;micos e cardiovasculares antes&#44; durante e depois da BF&#44; e comparados entre os grupos &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">tabela 3</a>&#41;&#46; Antes da BF&#44; a press&#227;o arterial &#40;134&#47;78 vs 138&#47;80<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mmHg&#41;&#44; frequ&#234;ncia card&#237;aca &#40;80 vs 82 batimentos&#47;min&#41; e valores de sO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> &#40;98&#44;6 vs 98&#44;6&#37;&#41; foram semelhantes entre os grupos&#46; No Grupo 1 a press&#227;o sist&#243;lica m&#233;dia manteve-se est&#225;vel durante e ap&#243;s a BF &#40;135<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mmHg&#41; enquanto no Grupo 2 observou-se um aumento de 138<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mmHg inicial para 151<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mmHg durante a BF &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&#41; e para 152<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mmHg no final da BF &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;003&#41;&#46; Da mesma forma&#44; a frequ&#234;ncia card&#237;aca aumentou&#44; durante a BF&#44; para 91 bpm&#47;min no Grupo 1 e 94 bpm&#47;min no Grupo 2&#44; assim como&#44; ap&#243;s a BF&#44; para 91 bpm&#47;min no Grupo 1 e 88 bpm&#47;min no Grupo 2 &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;05&#41;&#46; N&#227;o ocorreram altera&#231;&#245;es significativas entre os 2 grupos&#44; no que diz respeito &#224; satO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> durante e ap&#243;s a BF &#40;Grupo 1 &#8211; 97&#44;0&#37;&#59; Grupo 2 &#8211; 97&#44;6&#37;&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;05&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O question&#225;rio n&#46;&#176; 2 avaliou as principais queixas e a recetividade em repetir o exame se necess&#225;rio &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0020">tabela 4</a>&#41;&#46; Dezoito doentes n&#227;o referiram qualquer queixa relacionada com a BF&#44; sendo que 15 pertenciam ao Grupo 1 &#40;p&#61;0&#44;002&#41;&#46; A anestesia t&#243;pica da nasofaringe foi definida como o pior momento da BF por 50 doentes &#40;20 do Grupo 1 e 30 do Grupo 2&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;05&#41;&#46; A passagem do broncofibrosc&#243;pio pelas fossas nasais &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;05&#41; e pelas cordas vocais &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;017&#41; foram habitualmente apontados como a queixa principal e foram mais frequentes no Grupo 2&#46; Queixas relativamente a t&#233;cnicas endosc&#243;picas&#44; n&#225;usea e dor n&#227;o foram significativamente diferentes entre os grupos&#46; A dispneia &#40;Grupo 1 &#8211; 2&#37;&#59; Grupo 2 &#8211; 34&#37;&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&#41; e a tosse &#40;Grupo 1 &#8211; 32&#37;&#59; Grupo 2 &#8211; 56&#37;&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;003&#41; foram definidas como a principal queixa na BF por um n&#250;mero significativamente superior de doentes do Grupo 2 em rela&#231;&#227;o ao Grupo 1&#46; Quinze doentes queixaram-se do per&#237;odo de espera e 7 acerca da forma como o exame foi explicado&#44; sem diferen&#231;a entre os grupos&#46; A aceitabilidade dos doentes em repetir o exame foi de 100&#37; no Grupo 1 e 82&#37; no Grupo 2&#44; com diferen&#231;a estat&#237;stica significativa &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;003&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0020"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Discuss&#227;o</span><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O midazolam &#233; largamente usado na BF para seda&#231;&#227;o ligeira&#44; devido &#224;s suas propriedades farmacol&#243;gicas<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a>&#46; No nosso estudo observamos que a administra&#231;&#227;o de midazolam numa dose baixa &#40;0&#44;05<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;kg&#41; a doentes submetidos a BF&#44; melhorou significativamente o seu conforto&#44; comparativamente com um grupo controlo com placebo&#46; Diminuiu ainda o receio e a rejei&#231;&#227;o em repetir o procedimento&#46; Estes dados s&#227;o consistentes com outros estudos&#44; de desenho semelhante&#44; usando grupos randomizados&#44; que compararam midazolam com placebo<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#44;10</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Num estudo randomizado com 69 doentes&#44; comparando midazolam com alfentanil&#44; n&#227;o se observaram diferen&#231;as significativas relativamente ao conforto e toler&#226;ncia do doente&#44; &#224; facilidade em realizar a BF e &#224; oximetria de pulso&#46; O alfentanil esteve associado a menos tosse&#44; contudo o midazolam foi a escolha preferencial dos doentes<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a>&#46; Outro estudo observou que o regime combinado de midazolam com alfentanil resultou em risco aumentado de dessatura&#231;&#227;o durante a BF quando comparado ao uso isolado de cada f&#225;rmaco<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a>&#44; sem vantagem significativa no que diz respeito ao conforto do doente&#46;</p><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Estudos que compararam midazolam com propofol n&#227;o mostraram igualmente diferen&#231;as relativamente ao conforto do doente e altera&#231;&#245;es hemodin&#226;micas&#44; apesar do grupo que recebeu propofol ter apresentado recupera&#231;&#227;o de consci&#234;ncia mais r&#225;pida<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13&#44;14</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Recentemente&#44; novos f&#225;rmacos sedativos t&#234;m sido usados&#44; nomeadamente o fospropofol que apresenta um menor pico de concentra&#231;&#227;o comparado com o propofol<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a>&#46; No entanto&#44; s&#227;o necess&#225;rios mais estudos&#44; para al&#233;m de este f&#225;rmaco n&#227;o se encontrar ainda dispon&#237;vel em Portugal&#46;</p><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">No nosso estudo&#44; os doentes randomizados com midazolam e placebo apresentaram caracter&#237;sticas demogr&#225;ficas semelhantes&#46; A ansiedade basal e poss&#237;veis dist&#250;rbios psicol&#243;gicos foram avaliados pela escala <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">HADS-A</span>&#46; O objetivo foi determinar se os resultados poderiam ser influenciados por um estado psicopatol&#243;gico basal e assegurar que n&#227;o existiria diferen&#231;as significativas entre os grupos&#46; De facto&#44; a maioria dos doentes n&#227;o apresentava psicopatologia&#44; de acordo com a escala <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">HADS-A</span>&#44; com uma distribui&#231;&#227;o semelhante entre os grupos&#46;</p><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Surpreendentemente&#44; verificamos uma percentagem significativa de doentes que negaram qualquer receio em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; realiza&#231;&#227;o de BF &#40;30&#37;&#41; no question&#225;rio n&#46;&#176; 1&#46; Com efeito&#44; o receio antes do procedimento &#233; praticamente universal<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a>&#46; Isto pode ser influenciado por v&#225;rios fatores&#44; como o n&#237;vel de informa&#231;&#227;o disponibilizada<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a> ou forma de abordagem &#40;escrita vs verbal&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os par&#226;metros avaliados antes da BF e aqueles relacionados com o pr&#243;prio procedimento&#44; como a sua dura&#231;&#227;o&#44; t&#233;cnicas endosc&#243;picas&#44; dose de lidoca&#237;na e complica&#231;&#245;es&#44; n&#227;o foram influenciados pela seda&#231;&#227;o com midazolam&#46; A seda&#231;&#227;o ligeira e consciente foi conseguida com uma dose baixa de midazolam &#40;media 2&#44;6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#41;&#44; com apenas 6 doentes com uma pontua&#231;&#227;o &#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>4 na <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Ramsey Sedation Scale</span>&#44; &#224; semelhan&#231;a de outros trabalhos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a>&#46; Nenhum indiv&#237;duo obteve a pontua&#231;&#227;o m&#225;xima de 6 &#40;sem resposta a est&#237;mulos&#41; e o flumazenil n&#227;o foi necess&#225;rio em nenhuma situa&#231;&#227;o&#46; Esta aus&#234;ncia de complica&#231;&#245;es relacionadas com a seda&#231;&#227;o deve contribuir para o seu uso generalizado na BF&#46;</p><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Altera&#231;&#245;es hemodin&#226;micas durante a BF resultam frequentemente na eleva&#231;&#227;o da press&#227;o arterial e da frequ&#234;ncia card&#237;aca e na diminui&#231;&#227;o da SatO2&#46;&#46; O procedimento em si e o uso de agentes sedativos podem ser respons&#225;veis por epis&#243;dios de dessatura&#231;&#227;o<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;8</span></a>&#46; No nosso estudo observamos um efeito de estabiliza&#231;&#227;o da press&#227;o arterial sist&#243;lica&#44; durante e depois da BF&#44; em indiv&#237;duos que receberam midazolam &#40;135 vs 152<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mmHg&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;003&#41;&#46; Estes resultados s&#227;o consistentes com outros estudos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a>&#44; onde a hipertens&#227;o arterial &#233; mais frequente no grupo placebo&#46; Diferen&#231;as significativas&#44; relativamente &#224; frequ&#234;ncia card&#237;aca e &#224; satO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#44; n&#227;o foram observadas entre os grupos&#46; Ocorreram 2 epis&#243;dios de dessatura&#231;&#227;o&#44; um em cada grupo&#46;</p><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O conforto do doente&#44; durante a BF&#44; foi aferido atrav&#233;s de um question&#225;rio escrito&#44; uma hora ap&#243;s a conclus&#227;o do exame&#46; A dor &#40;Grupo 1 &#8211; 4&#37;&#59; Grupo 2 &#8211; 12&#37;&#41; e a n&#225;usea &#40;Grupo 1 &#8211; 6&#37;&#59; Grupo 2 &#8211; 18&#37;&#41; foi rara em ambos os grupos&#44; sem diferen&#231;as estatisticamente significativas &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;05&#41;&#46; No entanto&#44; os doentes que receberam midazolam queixaram-se menos frequentemente de dispneia &#40;2 vs 34&#37;&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&#41; e tosse &#40;32 vs 56&#37;&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;003&#41; e houve ainda uma percentagem significativa de doentes&#44; neste grupo&#44; que negaram qualquer evento desconfort&#225;vel &#40;30 vs 6&#37;&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;002&#41;&#46; Os doentes que receberam midazolam demonstraram maior toler&#226;ncia &#224; BF e a recetibilidade em repetir o procedimento&#44; neste grupo&#44; foi universal &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;003&#41;&#44; sendo um indicador da satisfa&#231;&#227;o do doente&#46;</p><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Concluindo&#44; conduzimos um estudo que&#44; na nossa opini&#227;o&#44; oferece evid&#234;ncia s&#243;lida para o uso habitual de midazolam na BF&#44; na medida em que incluiu um n&#250;mero consider&#225;vel de doentes&#44; de dois Servi&#231;os de Pneumologia de diferentes hospitais portugueses&#46; Este estudo controlado por placebo revelou que doentes que receberam midazolam demonstraram maior toler&#226;ncia ao procedimento e maior probabilidade em aceitar repetir o exame&#46; Esta seda&#231;&#227;o ligeira est&#225; associada a estabilidade hemodin&#226;mica e aus&#234;ncia de complica&#231;&#245;es graves&#44; o que deve encorajar o seu uso&#44; como pr&#225;tica de rotina di&#225;ria&#44; em doentes sem contraindica&#231;&#245;es&#46; T&#234;m vindo a ser publicadas atualiza&#231;&#245;es relativas a outros f&#225;rmacos&#44; com uso potencial na BF&#44; para assegurar maior conforto ao doente<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a> e&#44; de facto&#44; a literatura existente suporta a seguran&#231;a e a efic&#225;cia desta abordagem&#44; sempre que s&#227;o usados os agentes apropriados&#44; em doentes bem selecionados<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18&#44;19</span></a>&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conflito de interesses</span><p id="par0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os autores declaram n&#227;o haver conflito de interesses&#46;</p></span></span>"
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        "titulo" => "Resumo"
        "resumen" => "<span><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Introdu&#231;&#227;o</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Os agentes sedativos t&#234;m vindo a ser cada vez mais utilizados na broncofibroscopia &#40;BF&#41; para melhorar o conforto do doente&#46; Devido &#224; sua r&#225;pida a&#231;&#227;o&#44; propriedades ansiol&#237;ticas e amn&#233;sicas&#44; o midazolam &#233; um dos sedativos mais frequentemente usados&#46;</p></span> <span><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objetivos</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Avaliar o efeito da seda&#231;&#227;o com midazolam na BF&#44; incluindo a toler&#226;ncia do doente&#44; complica&#231;&#245;es e a sua potencial aplica&#231;&#227;o na pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica di&#225;ria&#46;</p></span> <span><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Material e m&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudo multic&#234;ntrico&#44; prospetivo&#44; randomizado&#44; controlado com placebo&#44; com inclus&#227;o de 100 indiv&#237;duos submetidos a BF em 2 Servi&#231;os de Pneumologia&#46; Doentes do Grupo 1 receberam midazolam &#40;0&#44;05<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;kg&#41; e doentes do Grupo 2 receberam placebo &#40;0&#44;9&#37; NaCl&#41;&#44; 5 minutos antes do procedimento&#46; A escala de ansiedade &#171;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale&#187;</span> &#40;HADS-A&#41; foi aplicada para determinar o n&#237;vel de ansiedade basal do doente&#46; Question&#225;rios subjetivos acerca dos principais receios e queixas relativamente &#224; BF foram aplicados antes e depois do exame&#46;</p></span> <span><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">M&#233;dia de idades de 56&#44;0 &#177; 14&#44;1 anos&#59; 66&#37; do sexo masculino&#46; A maioria &#40;65&#37;&#41; dos doentes apresentava baixa pontua&#231;&#227;o &#40;&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>7&#41; na escala HADS-A&#44; sem diferen&#231;a entre grupos&#46; N&#227;o se observaram diferen&#231;as significativas entre os 2 grupos no que diz respeito &#224; dura&#231;&#227;o da BF&#44; procedimentos realizados&#44; dose total de lidoca&#237;na usada e complica&#231;&#245;es observadas&#46; A press&#227;o arterial sist&#243;lica foi significativamente mais elevada &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;003&#41;&#44; durante e ap&#243;s a BF&#44; nos indiv&#237;duos do Grupo 2&#46; Os doentes do Grupo 1 apresentaram menos tosse &#40;32 vs 56&#37;&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;03&#41; e dispneia &#40;2&#37; vs 34&#37;&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&#41; comparativamente com o Grupo 2&#44; n&#227;o se registando diferen&#231;as significativas relativamente &#224; n&#225;usea &#40;6 vs 18&#37;&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;05&#41; e &#224; dor &#40;4 vs 12&#37;&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;05&#41;&#46; Foi demonstrada recetibilidade em repetir o exame por todos os doentes do Grupo 1 e em 82&#37; dos doentes do Grupo 2 &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;003&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclus&#227;o</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A seda&#231;&#227;o com midazolam na BF aumentou o conforto e diminuiu queixas dos doentes&#44; n&#227;o se verificando altera&#231;&#245;es hemodin&#226;micas significativas&#46; Deve ser pois oferecida&#44; de forma regular&#44; ao doente submetido a BF&#46;</p></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Introduction</span><p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Sedatives have been increasingly used to improve patient comfort during flexible bronchoscopy &#40;FOB&#41;&#46; Due to its rapid-onset&#44; anxiolytic and amnestic properties&#44; midazolam is one of the most commonly used sedatives&#46;</p></span> <span><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objectives</span><p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To evaluate the effect of sedation with midazolam&#44; including patient tolerance&#44; complications and its potential use on a daily routine basis&#46;</p></span> <span><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Material and methods</span><p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A multi-centre&#44; prospective&#44; randomized&#44; placebo-controlled study was made on 100 patients submitted to FOB in two Pulmonology Departments&#46; Midazolam &#40;0&#46;05<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;kg&#41; was administered to patients in Group 1 and saline solution &#40;0&#44;9&#37; NaCl&#41; to patients in Group 2&#44; five minutes before the procedure&#46; The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale &#40;HADS-A&#41; was used to determine patient anxiety level&#46; Subjective questionnaires concerning main fears and complaints were answered before and after FOB&#46;</p></span> <span><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Mean age was 56&#46;0 &#177; 14&#46;1 years&#59; 66&#37; male&#46; Most &#40;65&#37;&#41; patients had low score &#40;&#60;7&#41; in HADS-A scale with no difference between groups&#46; No significant differences were seen between groups concerning FOB duration&#44; procedures&#44; lidocaine dosage and complications&#46; Systolic blood pressure during and after FOB was significantly higher &#40;p&#60;0&#46;003&#41; in Group 2&#46; Patients in Group 1 experienced less cough &#40;32&#37; vs 56&#37;&#59; p&#61;0&#46;03&#41; and dyspnea &#40;2&#37; vs 34&#37;&#59; p&#60;0&#46;001&#41; than in Group 2&#44; while nausea &#40;6&#37; vs 18&#37;&#59; p&#62;0&#46;05&#41; and pain &#40;4&#37; vs 12&#37;&#59; p&#62;0&#46;05&#41; were not statistically different&#46; Willingness to repeat the exam was reported in all patients in Group 1 and in 82&#37; in Group 2 &#40;p&#61;0&#46;003&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusion</span><p id="spar0075" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Sedation with midazolam in FOB improved patient&#39;s comfort and decreased complaints&#44; without significant haemodynamic changes&#46; It should be offered to the patient on a routine basis&#46;</p></span>"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0110" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">BF&#58; broncofibroscopia&#59; HADS-A&#58; Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale&#59; NA&#58; not applicable&#59; NS&#58; non significant&#46;</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Vari&#225;vel&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Total &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>100&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Grupo 1 &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>50&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Grupo 2 &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>50&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">p&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Idade&#44; anos &#40;m&#233;dia&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">56&#44;0 &#177; 14&#44;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">55&#44;0 &#177; 14&#44;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">57&#44;1 &#177; 13&#44;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Sexo &#40;F&#47;M&#41;&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">34 &#40;34&#41; &#47; 66 &#40;66&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">18 &#40;36&#41; &#47; 32 &#40;64&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">16 &#40;32&#41; &#47; 34 &#40;68&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H&#225;bitos tab&#225;gicos&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Fumador&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">27 &#40;27&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">14 &#40;28&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">13 &#40;26&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Ex-fumador&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">25 &#40;25&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">11 &#40;22&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">14 &#40;28&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>N&#227;o fumador&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">48 &#40;48&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">25 &#40;50&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">23 &#40;46&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">N&#237;vel de escolaridade&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>4 anos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">21 &#40;21&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">12 &#40;24&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">9 &#40;18&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>4-9 anos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">58 &#40;58&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">29 &#40;58&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">29 &#40;58&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>9-12 anos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">10 &#40;10&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">5 &#40;10&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">5 &#40;10&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>12 anos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">11 &#40;11&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">4 &#40;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">7 &#40;14&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Indica&#231;&#227;o da BF&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Neoplasia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">29 &#40;29&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">12 &#40;24&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">17 &#40;34&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Infec&#231;&#227;o&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">14 &#40;14&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">5 &#40;10&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">9 &#40;18&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Doen&#231;a intersticial pulmonar&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">16 &#40;16&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">9 &#40;18&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">7 &#40;14&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Hemoptises&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">16 &#40;16&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">8 &#40;16&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">8 &#40;16&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Outra&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">25 &#40;25&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">16 &#40;32&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">9 &#40;18&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Pontua&#231;&#227;o da HADS-A&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Sem psicopatologia &#40;0-7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">65 &#40;65&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">34 &#40;68&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">31 &#40;62&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Borderline &#40;8-10&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">20 &#40;20&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">10 &#40;20&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">10 &#40;20&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Com psicopatologia &#40;11-27&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">15 &#40;15&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">6 &#40;12&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">9 &#40;18&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">BF anterior &#40;sim&#47;n&#227;o&#41;&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">24 &#40;24&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">8 &#40;16&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">16 &#40;32&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Dose midazolam&#44; mg &#40;m&#233;dia&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">NA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&#44;56 &#177; 1&#44;61&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">NA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">NA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Dura&#231;&#227;o FB&#44; minutos &#40;m&#233;dia&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">13&#44;8 &#177; 7&#44;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">13&#44;6 &#177; 6&#44;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">14&#44;0 &#177; 7&#44;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Dose lidoca&#237;na&#44; mg &#40;m&#233;dia&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">308 &#177; 87&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">302 &#177; 91&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">313 &#177; 83&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Complica&#231;&#245;es&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">4 &#40;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1 &#40;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3 &#40;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
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                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Ramsey Sedation Scale</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Grupo 1 &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>50&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Grupo 2 &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>50&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1 &#8211; Ansioso&#44; agitado ou inquieto&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">15&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2 &#8211; Tranquilo&#44; colaborante&#44; orientado&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">25&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">34&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3 &#8211; Responde a comandos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">4 &#8211; Resposta r&#225;pida a est&#237;mulos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">5 &#8211; Resposta lenta a est&#237;mulos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">6 &#8211; Sem resposta&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Dados incompletos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col">Vari&#225;vel&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="3" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Antes da BF</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="3" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Durante a BF</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="3" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Depois da BF</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Grupo 1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Grupo 2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Grupo 1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Grupo 2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Grupo 1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Grupo 2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Press&#227;o arterial sist&#243;lica &#40;mmHg&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">134&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">138&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">135&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">151&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">135&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">152&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;003&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Press&#227;o arterial diast&#243;lica &#40;mmHg&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">78&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">80&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">77&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">81&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">79&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">84&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Frequ&#234;ncia card&#237;aca &#40;bpm&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">80&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">82&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">91&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">94&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">91&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">88&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Satura&#231;&#227;o de oxig&#233;nio &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">98&#44;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">98&#44;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">97&#44;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">98&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">97&#44;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">97&#44;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
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                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Vari&#225;vel&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Grupo 1 &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>50&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Grupo 2 &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>50&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Quest&#227;o n&#46;&#176; 1&#58; Pior momento</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Tempo de espera&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">10 &#40;20&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">5 &#40;10&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Forma como foi explicado o exame&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3 &#40;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">4 &#40;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Anestesia t&#243;pica do nariz e orofar&#237;nge&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">20 &#40;40&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">30 &#40;60&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Passagem do broncosc&#243;pio pelo nariz&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">5 &#40;10&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">12 &#40;24&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Passagem do broncosc&#243;pio pelas cordas vocais&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">4 &#40;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">13 &#40;26&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;017&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>T&#233;cnicas endosc&#243;picas&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3 &#40;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">9 &#40;18&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Sem momentos desagrad&#225;veis&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">15 &#40;30&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3 &#40;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;002&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Quest&#227;o n&#46;&#176; 2&#58; Principal queixa</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>N&#225;usea&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3 &#40;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">9 &#40;18&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Tosse&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1 &#40;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Dor&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2 &#40;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6 &#40;12&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">50 &#40;100&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;003&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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Article information
ISSN: 08732159
Original language: Portuguese
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