Artigo Original/Original Article
Avaliação de hábitos tabágicos em alunos do ensino secundário
Smoking habits in secondary school students
C. Damas1,
, S. Saleiro2, A. Marinho2, G. Fernandes1, I. Gomes3
Corresponding author
cdamas@aeiou.pt
Correspondência / Correspondence: Morada: Carla Damas Travessa Fernando Namora 48, 5.º Esq. 4425 Pedrouços – Maia
Correspondência / Correspondence: Morada: Carla Damas Travessa Fernando Namora 48, 5.º Esq. 4425 Pedrouços – Maia
1 Assistente Hospitalar de Pneumologia Serviço de Pneumologia, Hospital de São João (EPE), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto / Pulmonology resident Pulmonology Unit, Hospital de São João (EPE), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto
2 Interna Complementar de Pneumologia Serviço de Pneumologia, Hospital de São João (EPE), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto / Pulmonolgy consultant Pulmonology Unit, Hospital de São João (EPE), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto
3 Assistente Hospitalar Graduada de Pneumologia Serviço de Pneumologia, Hospital de São João (EPE), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto / Pulmonolgy consultant and specialist Pulmonology Unit, Hospital de São João (EPE), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto
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"apellidos" => "Gomes" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span>" "identificador" => "af0015" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:3 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Assistente Hospitalar de Pneumologia Serviço de Pneumologia, Hospital de São João (EPE), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto / Pulmonology resident Pulmonology Unit, Hospital de São João (EPE), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto" "etiqueta" => "1" "identificador" => "af0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Interna Complementar de Pneumologia Serviço de Pneumologia, Hospital de São João (EPE), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto / Pulmonolgy consultant Pulmonology Unit, Hospital de São João (EPE), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto" "etiqueta" => "2" "identificador" => "af0010" ] 2 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Assistente Hospitalar Graduada de Pneumologia Serviço de Pneumologia, Hospital de São João (EPE), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto / Pulmonolgy consultant and specialist Pulmonology Unit, Hospital de São João (EPE), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto" "etiqueta" => "3" "identificador" => "af0015" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cr0005" "etiqueta" => "*" "correspondencia" => "<span class="elsevierStyleBold">Correspondência / Correspondence:</span> Morada: Carla Damas Travessa Fernando Namora 48, 5.º Esq. 4425 Pedrouços – Maia" ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "en" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Smoking habits in secondary school students" ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2008-02-19" "fechaAceptado" => "2008-10-01" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "pt" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palavras-chave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec570517" "palabras" => array:3 [ 0 => "Tabaco" 1 => "adolescentes" 2 => "informação" ] ] ] "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Key-words" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec570516" "palabras" => array:3 [ 0 => "Smoking" 1 => "adolescents" 2 => "information" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "pt" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Resumo" "resumen" => "<span id="as0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="sp0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Introdução:</span> O consumo de tabaco é um factor de risco importante em doenças com mortalidade e morbilidade importante. O hábito de fumar é adquirido precocemente na adolescência, sendo esta fase do desenvolvimento um período crítico para a aquisição deste hábito.</p><p id="sp0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Métodos</span>: De forma a avaliar os hábitos tabágicos, bem como os conhecimentos dos malefícios relacionados com o seu consumo, foi realizado um inquérito confidencial em quatro escolas secundárias da área do grande Porto. Os dados obtidos foram avaliados com recurso ao programa SPSS 1.2 (versão 2004).</p><p id="sp0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Resultados:</span> Foram obtidas respostas de 1770 alunos, com idades compreendidas entre os 11 e os 21 anos (mediana de 15,1 anos), a maioria do sexo feminino (58%). A maioria dos estudantes (n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>952, 54,6%) tinha conhecimento dos avisos relacionados com o fumo dispersos na escola. A grande maioria (n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1639, 92,7%) considerava-se bem informada no que respeita aos malefícios do tabaco. No entanto, apenas 6,7% mencionou três ou mais patologias relacionadas com o consumo de tabaco. Quantos às fontes de informação os pais e os amigos foram as mais frequentemente referidas. Do total de estudantes que responderam ao inquérito 194 (11,1%) eram fumadores, tendo em média começado a fumar com 15 anos. A maioria (n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>111; 57,2%) eram filhos de fumadores e a maioria dos fumadores (96,4%) tinham amigos fumadores <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> 83,1% dos não fumadores, sendo esta diferença estatisticamente significativa (p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0,001). A mesada era a principal fonte de dinheiro para comprar cigarros em 34,5% dos fumadores. A maioria (60,8%) considerava ser capaz de deixar de fumar a qualquer altura, contudo 11,4% dos fumadores fumava mais de 20 cigarros/dia e 9,8% fumava o primeiro cigarro cinco minutos depois de acordar.</p><p id="sp0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Conclusão:</span> A percentagem de fumadores neste grupo de adolescentes é considerável, tendo sido também identificados factores de dependência. O conhecimento dos malefícios associados ao consumo de tabaco é deficiente e aparentemente a informação relacionada com os mesmos dada na escola é pouco valorizada pelos alunos. Os hábitos dos amigos e pais podem ser importantes para o início do consumo de tabaco.</p><p id="sp0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Rev Port Pneumol 2009; XV (1): 43-53</span></p></span>" ] "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "<span id="as0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="sp0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Background:</span> Smoking is an important health risk in general, and responsible for diseases with significant mortality and morbidity. Smoking habits start early and adolescence is a notorious time for starting smoking.</p><p id="sp0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Aim and Methods</span>: To assess knowledge on smoking and smoking habits in a population of adolescents in four Porto schools, using a confidential self administered questionnaire. Collected data were evaluated using the SPSS 1.2 statistics program (2004 version).</p><p id="sp0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Results:</span> A total of 1770 students aged 11 - 21 (median 15.1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>years), mainly female, (58%), answered. Most students (n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>952, 54.6%) were unaware of signs or warnings against smoking in their schools. The great majority (n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1639, 92.7%) considered themselves well informed on the harmful effects of smoking, but only 6.7% could list three or more tobacco-associated health consequences, however. Parents and friends were seen as privileged sources of information. Among these students, 194 (11.1%) were smokers and the average started to smoke at the age of 15. The majority of these (n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>111, 57.2%) had parents who smoked and 96.4% had friends who smoked, versus 83.1% of non-smokers, a statistically significant difference (p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.001). Pocket money was the means of acquiring cigarettes in 34.8%. Most (60.8%) considered themselves able to stop smoking at any time, while 11.4% of the smokers smoked more than one pack a day and 9.8% smoked the first cigarette within 5 minutes of waking, however.</p><p id="sp0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Conclusions:</span> The percentage of smokers in this group of teenagers was considerable and indicators of nicotine dependence were found. Knowledge of the risks of smoking was poor and information on smoking given by schools had an apparently low and variable impact. Parents’ and friends’ behaviour may have a weighty impact on the decision to start smoking.</p><p id="sp0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Rev Port Pneumol 2009; XV (1): 43-53</span></p></span>" ] ] "lecturaRecomendada" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "vista" => "all" "titulo" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="st0025">Bibliografia / Bibliography</span>" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "vista" => "all" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:24 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0005" "etiqueta" => "1." 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Article information
ISSN: 08732159Original language: Portuguese
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| 2018 November | 6 | 0 | 6 |
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| 2018 July | 39 | 24 | 63 |
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| 2018 May | 71 | 26 | 97 |
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| 2017 December | 64 | 10 | 74 |
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| 2017 June | 32 | 16 | 48 |
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| 2016 September | 2 | 2 | 4 |
| 2016 August | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 2016 July | 4 | 1 | 5 |
| 2016 June | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 2016 April | 2 | 2 | 4 |
| 2016 March | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 2016 February | 5 | 6 | 11 |
| 2016 January | 6 | 5 | 11 |
| 2015 December | 7 | 4 | 11 |
| 2015 November | 4 | 1 | 5 |
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