Artigo Original/Original Article
Traqueostomia: Indicações e complicações em doentes pediátricos
Tracheostomy: Indications and complications in paediatric patients
Artur Sousa1, Teresa Nunes2,
, Rosa Roque Farinha3, Teresa Bandeira4
Corresponding author
teresanunes@sapo.pt
Correspondência / Correspondence to: Teresa Nunes Unidade de Pneumologia, Clínica Universitária de Pediatria, Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisboa
Correspondência / Correspondence to: Teresa Nunes Unidade de Pneumologia, Clínica Universitária de Pediatria, Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisboa
1 Interno do internato complementar de pediatria do Hospital de Santa Maria / Resident, Paediatrics, Hospital de Santa Maria
2 Assistente hospitalar do Departamento da Criança e da Família do Hospital de Santa Maria, assistente da Clínica Universitária de Pediatria da Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa / Consultant, Family and Child Unit, Hospital de Santa Maria; Consultant, University Paediatrics Clinic, Lisbon University Faculty of Medicine
3 Assistente hospitalar graduada do Serviço de Otorrinolaringologia do Hospital de Santa Maria, professora auxiliar coordenadora da disciplina de Otorrinolaringologia da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade da Beira Interior / Consultant, ENT Specialist, Hospital de Santa Maria; Assistant Professor, Coordinator ENT, Beira Interior University Faculty of Medicine
4 Assistente hospitalar graduada do Departamento da Criança e da Família do Hospital de Santa Maria, assistente da Clínica Universitária de Pediatria da Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa / Consultant, Specialist, Family and Child Unit, Hospital de Santa Maria; Consultant, University Paediatrics Clinic, Lisbon University Faculty of Medicine
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class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="sp0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Apesar dos avanços nas técnicas de ventilação não invasiva, a traqueostomia continua a ter indicação em crianças com perturbação grave da via aérea ou com necessidade de ventilação prolongada. Sendo um procedimento de execução fácil, não é isenta de riscos, pelo que se justifica sempre a ponderação prévia de alternativas à decisão de traqueostomizar.</p><p id="sp1005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Foram objectivos deste estudo a identificação das crianças traqueostomizadas com seguimento num serviço de pediatria de hospital terciário, a caracterização da doença primária e indicações conducentes à decisão de traqueostomizar e a avaliação das complicações registada neste grupo de doentes.</p><p id="sp1105" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Procedeu-se à revisão dos processos clínicos das dezasseis crianças traqueostomizadas, com uma mediana de idade à data da realização da traqueostomia de 4,5 meses, cinco com doença neuromuscular, três com paralisia cerebral e sete com doença pulmonar ou das vias aéreas. A indicação para a traqueostomia foi a necessidade de ventilação invasiva prolongada em doze casos, estenose subglótica ou traqueal em três e laringomalacia num outro. As complicações mais frequentes foram a colonização bacteriana persistente, a descanulação transitória acidental e a obstrução transitória da cânula. Verificou-se um óbito relacionado com a traqueostomia. Nove crianças mantêm traqueostomia, cinco foram descanuladas (uma das quais veio a falecer) e outras duas faleceram ainda com traqueostomia.</p><p id="sp1115" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Tal como sublinhado na literatura, as crianças e adolescentes traqueostomizados têm habitualmente patologias múltiplas que exigem apoio multidisciplinar. A complexidade das situações clínicas e a exigência de recursos determinam a necessidade de acompanhamento em centro especializado de referência.</p><p id="sp0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Rev Port Pneumol 2009; XV (2): 227-239</span></p></span>" ] "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "<span id="as0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="sp0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Despite advances in non-invasive ventilation techniques, tracheostomy is still indicated in children with serious airway obstruction or with the need for long-term ventilation. Alternatives should be studied before deciding to tracheostomise as complications exist, despite the simple procedure.</p><p id="sp1125" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The aims of this study were the identification of tracheostomised children followed in a tertiary care paediatric department, the characterisation of primary disease, the indications leading to tracheostomy and any complications.</p><p id="sp0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">We present a case review of tracheostomised children followed in our department.</p><p id="sp1135" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Sixteen tracheostomised children were followed, median age of 4.5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>months, neuromuscular disease – 5, cerebral palsy – 3 and pulmonary or airway disease – 7. Indications were long-term invasive ventilation – 12, subglottic or tracheal stenosis – 3 and laryngomalacia – 1. The most frequent complications found were persistent bacterial colonisation, accidental decannulation and obstruction. There was a tracheostomy-related death in 1 child. Outcome: 9 children maintained tracheostomy, 5 were successfully decannulated and 2 children died while on tracheostomy.</p><p id="sp1145" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Tracheostomised children usually have complex disease that requires a multidisciplinary team and should be followed-up at a specialised reference centre.</p><p id="sp0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Rev Port Pneumol 2009; XV (2): 227-239</span></p></span>" ] ] "lecturaRecomendada" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "vista" => "all" "titulo" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="st0025">Bibliografia/Bibliography</span>" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "vista" => "all" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:14 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0005" "etiqueta" => "1." 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"referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Care of the child with a chronic tracheostomy" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "American Thoracic Society" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1164/ajrccm.161.1.ats1-00" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Am J Respir Crit Care Med" "fecha" => "2000" "volumen" => "161" "paginaInicial" => "297" "paginaFinal" => "308" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10619835" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 11 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0060" "etiqueta" => "12." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Tracheostomy" "tituloTraducido" => "Emedicine" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "J.P. Lindmann" 1 => "C.E. 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Article information
ISSN: 08732159Original language: Portuguese
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