Do Laboratório à Prática Clínica/From Laboratory to Clinical Practice
Utilização estratégica da genotipagem do Mycobacterium tuberculosis no controlo da tuberculose
Strategical use of genotyping of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in tuberculosis control
Read
4847
Timeswas read the article
2123
Total PDF
2724
Total HTML
Share statistics
array:24 [ "pii" => "S0873215915302555" "issn" => "08732159" "doi" => "10.1016/S0873-2159(15)30255-5" "estado" => "S350" "fechaPublicacion" => "2008-07-01" "aid" => "3" "copyright" => "Sociedade Portuguesa de Pneumologia/SPP" "copyrightAnyo" => "2008" "documento" => "simple-article" "crossmark" => 0 "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/" "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Rev Port Pneumol. 2008;14:509-16" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 2028 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 238 "HTML" => 1133 "PDF" => 657 ] ] "itemSiguiente" => array:19 [ "pii" => "S0873215915302579" "issn" => "08732159" "doi" => "10.1016/S0873-2159(15)30257-9" "estado" => "S350" "fechaPublicacion" => "2008-07-01" "aid" => "5" "copyright" => "Sociedade Portuguesa de Pneumologia/SPP" "documento" => "simple-article" "crossmark" => 0 "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/" "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Rev Port Pneumol. 2008;14:527-34" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 2868 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 212 "HTML" => 1367 "PDF" => 1289 ] ] "pt" => array:11 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Caso Clínico/Clinical Case</span>" "titulo" => "Revisão dos tumores da traqueia – A propósito de um caso clínico de tumor adenóide cístico" "tienePdf" => "pt" "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0 "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "pt" 1 => "en" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "527" "paginaFinal" => "534" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "en" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Tracheal tumors review – A clinical case of adenoid cystic carcinoma" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "pt" => true "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "pt" => true ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "António Caiado, João Moura e Sá" "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "António" "apellidos" => "Caiado" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "João" "apellidos" => "Moura e Sá" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "pt" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0873215915302579?idApp=UINPBA00004E" "url" => "/08732159/0000001400000004/v1_201509151547/S0873215915302579/v1_201509151547/pt/main.assets" ] "itemAnterior" => array:19 [ "pii" => "S0873215915302567" "issn" => "08732159" "doi" => "10.1016/S0873-2159(15)30256-7" "estado" => "S350" "fechaPublicacion" => "2008-07-01" "aid" => "4" "copyright" => "Sociedade Portuguesa de Pneumologia/SPP" "documento" => "simple-article" "crossmark" => 0 "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/" "subdocumento" => "rev" "cita" => "Rev Port Pneumol. 2008;14:517-26" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 2932 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 231 "HTML" => 1738 "PDF" => 963 ] ] "pt" => array:11 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Artigo de Revisão/Revision Article</span>" "titulo" => "Tosse em pediatria" "tienePdf" => "pt" "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0 "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "pt" 1 => "en" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "517" "paginaFinal" => "526" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "en" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Cough in paediatrics" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "pt" => true "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "pt" => true ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Susana Martins, Marta Carneiro de Moura, Ana Margarida Neves, José Costa Trindade" "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Susana" "apellidos" => "Martins" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Marta Carneiro" "apellidos" => "de Moura" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Ana Margarida" "apellidos" => "Neves" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "José Costa" "apellidos" => "Trindade" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "pt" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0873215915302567?idApp=UINPBA00004E" "url" => "/08732159/0000001400000004/v1_201509151547/S0873215915302567/v1_201509151547/pt/main.assets" ] "pt" => array:15 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Do Laboratório à Prática Clínica/From Laboratory to Clinical Practice</span>" "titulo" => "Utilização estratégica da genotipagem do <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mycobacterium tuberculosis</span> no controlo da tuberculose" "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0 "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "509" "paginaFinal" => "516" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "autoresLista" => "Susana David" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "Susana" "apellidos" => "David" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "sdavid@ibmc.up.pt" ] "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span>" "identificador" => "af0005" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Investigadora Principal, Centro de Tuberculose e Micobactérias, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Rua do Campo Alegre 823, 4150-180 Porto" "etiqueta" => "1" "identificador" => "af0005" ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "en" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Strategical use of genotyping of</span> Mycobacterium tuberculosis <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">in tuberculosis control</span>" ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2008-01-30" "fechaAceptado" => "2008-03-26" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "pt" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palavras-chave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec570532" "palabras" => array:3 [ 0 => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mycobacterium tuberculosis</span>" 1 => "Epidemiologia molecular" 2 => "genotipagem" ] ] ] "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Key-words" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec570533" "palabras" => array:3 [ 0 => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mycobacterium tuberculosis</span>" 1 => "molecular epidemiology" 2 => "genotyping" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "pt" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Resumo" "resumen" => "<span id="as0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="sp0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A situação da tuberculose em Portugal justifica a aplicação de uma estratégia de genotipagem do <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mycobacterium tuberculosis</span>, tanto mais que Portugal encontrase inserido no contexto global de mobilidade das populações humanas e das suas consequências sobre a pandemia.</p><p id="sp0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Vários estudos internacionais posicionam as técnicas do <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">spoligotyping</span> e MIRU-VNTR <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">typing</span> como de primeira linha na epidemiologia molecular do <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">M. tuberculosis</span> por estarem baseadas em tecnologias simples (PCR) e produzirem padrões, podendo ser traduzidos em código numérico de interpretação directa. Assim, tem sido proposta a aplicação do <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">spoligotyping</span> a todos os isolados clínicos, enquanto o MIRU-VNTR <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">typing</span> seria aplicado aos isolados com <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">spoligotype</span> comum. Outras técnicas, incluindo o IS6110-RFLP, seriam reservadas a aplicações segundo critérios seleccionados.</p><p id="sp0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Os trabalhos anteriores em Portugal utilizando o <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">spoligotyping</span> apontaram para a vantagem de uma estratégia de genotipagem baseada numa amostragem consecutiva e sem critério de pré-selecção. Esta permite a caracterização da estrutura populacional do <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">M. tuberculosis</span> através do conhecimento da distribuição dos genotipos geograficamente, no tempo e dentro dos vários grupos de risco.</p><p id="sp0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Por outro lado, a associação do <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">spoligotyping</span> com o MIRU-VNTR <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">typing</span> e, eventualmente, outras técnicas, deverá ser avaliada em vários contextos, como na identificação de situações de transmissão recente, na distinção entre episódios de reinfecção e recaída, na caracterização da amplitude e dinâmica de transmissão da doença.</p><p id="sp0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A solução do problema da tuberculose em Portugal passa por uma estruturação na utilização da genotipagem em apoio à luta contra a tuberculose, a ser avaliada através de exemplos e resultados concretos.</p><p id="sp0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Rev Port Pneumol 2008; XIV (4): 509-516</span></p></span>" ] "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "<span id="as0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="sp0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The tuberculosis situation in Portugal justifies the use of a strategy for the genotyping of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mycobacterium tuberculosis,</span> particularly as Portugal is part of the global backdrop of human mobility, something which has a knock-on effect on the pandemic.</p><p id="sp0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Several international studies have placed spoligotyping and MIRU-VNTR typing as first line techniques for the molecular epidemiology of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mycobacterium tuberculosis</span> as these techniques rely on simple technologies (PCR) and produee patterns which are easily translated into a direct interpretation numerical code. Spoligotyping has been accordingly proposed for all the isolates, while MIRU-VNTR typing should be applied to isolates with a common spoliotype. Other techniques, including IS6110-RFLP, should be reserved for use ill accordance with selected criteria.</p><p id="sp0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Previous studies in Portugal using spoligotyping have underlined the advantages of a strategy based on sampling consecutive patient isolates with no prior selection criteria. This allows characterisation of the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">M. tuberculosis</span> population structure through monitoring the distribution of the genotypes geographically over time and within the various risk groups.</p><p id="sp0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">On the other hand, the association of spoligotyping, MIRU-VNTF (typing and, possibly, other techniques, needs evaluating as part of bigger pictures, including identifying recent transmission situations, distinguishing between reinfection and relapse episodes and ma pping the size and dynamics of disease transmission.</p><p id="sp0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The solution to the tuberculosis problem in Portugal implies structuring genotyping’s role in tuberculosis prevention and control and its evaluation through concrete examples and results.</p><p id="sp0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Rev Port Pneumol 2008; XIV (4): 509-516</span></p></span>" ] ] "lecturaRecomendada" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "vista" => "all" "titulo" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="st0025">Bibliografia</span>" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "vista" => "all" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:25 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0005" "etiqueta" => "1." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mycobacterium tuberculosis</span> complex genetic diversity: mining the fourth international spoligotyping database (SpolDB4) for classification, population genetics and epidemiology" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:66 [ 0 => "K. Brudey" 1 => "J.R. Driscoll" 2 => "L. Rigouts" 3 => "W.M. Prodinger" 4 => "A. Gori" 5 => "S.A. Al-Hajoj" 6 => "C. Allix" 7 => "L. Aristimuno" 8 => "J. Arora" 9 => "V. Baumanis" 10 => "L. Binder" 11 => "P. Cafrune" 12 => "A. Cataldi" 13 => "S. Cheong" 14 => "R. Diel" 15 => "C. Ellermeier" 16 => "J.T. Evans" 17 => "M. Fauville-Dufaux" 18 => "S. Ferdinand" 19 => "Viedma D. Garcia de" 20 => "C. Garzelli" 21 => "L. Gazzola" 22 => "H.M. Gomes" 23 => "M.C. Guttierez" 24 => "P.M. Hawkey" 25 => "P.D. van Helden" 26 => "G.V. Kadival" 27 => "B.N. Kreiswirth" 28 => "K. Kremer" 29 => "M. Kubin" 30 => "S.P. Kulkarni" 31 => "B. Liens" 32 => "T. Lillebaek" 33 => "M.L. Ho" 34 => "C. Martin" 35 => "C. Martin" 36 => "I. Mokrousov" 37 => "O. Narvskaia" 38 => "Y.F. Ngeow" 39 => "L. Neumann" 40 => "S. Niemann" 41 => "I. Parwati" 42 => "Z. Rahim" 43 => "V. Rasolofo-Razanamparany" 44 => "T. Rasolonavalona" 45 => "M.L. Rossetti" 46 => "S. Rusch-Gerdes" 47 => "A. Sajduda" 48 => "S. Samper" 49 => "I.G. Shemyakin" 50 => "U.B. Singh" 51 => "A. Somoskovi" 52 => "R.A. Skuce" 53 => "D. van Soolingen" 54 => "E.M. Streicher" 55 => "P.N. Suffys" 56 => "E. Tortoli" 57 => "T. Tracevska" 58 => "V. Vincent" 59 => "T.C. Victor" 60 => "R.M. Warren" 61 => "S.F. Yap" 62 => "K. Zaman" 63 => "F. Portaels" 64 => "N. Rastogi" 65 => "C. Sola" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1186/1471-2180-6-23" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "BMC Microbiol" "fecha" => "2006" "volumen" => "6" "paginaInicial" => "23" "paginaFinal" => "39" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16519816" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0010" "etiqueta" => "2." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Evaluation of a Two-Step Approach for Large-Scale, Prospective Genotyping of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mycobacterium tuberculosis</span> Isolates in the United States" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:7 [ 0 => "L.S. Cowan" 1 => "L. Diem" 2 => "T. Monson" 3 => "P. Wand" 4 => "D. Temporado" 5 => "T.V. Oemig" 6 => "J.T. Crawford" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1128/JCM.43.2.688-695.2005" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Clin Microbiol" "fecha" => "2005" "volumen" => "43" "paginaInicial" => "688" "paginaFinal" => "695" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15695665" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0015" "etiqueta" => "3." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Snapshot of moving and expanding clones of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mycobacterium tuberculosis</span> and their global distribution assessed by spoligotyping in an international study" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:47 [ 0 => "I. Filliol" 1 => "J.R. Driscoll" 2 => "D. van Soolingen" 3 => "B.N. Kreiswirth" 4 => "K. Kremer" 5 => "G. Valetudie" 6 => "D.A. Dang" 7 => "R. Barlow" 8 => "D. Banerjee" 9 => "P.J. Bifani" 10 => "K. Brudey" 11 => "A. Cataldi" 12 => "R.C. Cooksey" 13 => "D.V. Cousins" 14 => "J.W. Dale" 15 => "O.A. Dellagostin" 16 => "F. Drobniewski" 17 => "G. Engelmann" 18 => "S. Ferdinand" 19 => "D. Gascoyne-Binzi" 20 => "M. Gordon" 21 => "M.C. Gutierrez" 22 => "W.H. Haas" 23 => "H. Heersma" 24 => "E. Kassa-Kelembho" 25 => "M.L. Ho" 26 => "A. Makristathis" 27 => "C. Mammina" 28 => "G. Martin" 29 => "P. Mostrom" 30 => "I. Mokrousov" 31 => "V. Narbonne" 32 => "O. Narvskaya" 33 => "A. Nastasi" 34 => "S.N. Niobe-Eyangoh" 35 => "J.W. Pape" 36 => "V. Rasolofo-Razanamparany" 37 => "M. Ridell" 38 => "M.L. Rossetti" 39 => "F. Stauffer" 40 => "P.N. Suffys" 41 => "H. Takiff" 42 => "J. Texier-Maugein" 43 => "V. Vincent" 44 => "J.H. de Waard" 45 => "C. Sola" 46 => "N. Rastogi" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Clin Microbiol" "fecha" => "2003" "volumen" => "41" "paginaInicial" => "1963" "paginaFinal" => "1970" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12734235" "web" => "Medline" ] ] "itemHostRev" => array:3 [ "pii" => "S0140673601060755" "estado" => "S300" "issn" => "01406736" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0020" "etiqueta" => "4." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Global distribution of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mycobacterium tuberculosis</span> spoligotypes" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:49 [ 0 => "I. Filliol" 1 => "J.R. Driscoll" 2 => "D. Van Soolingen" 3 => "B.N. Kreiswirth" 4 => "K. Kremer" 5 => "G. Valetudie" 6 => "D.D. Anh" 7 => "R. Barlow" 8 => "D. Banerjee" 9 => "P.J. Bifani" 10 => "K. Brudey" 11 => "A. Cataldi" 12 => "R.C. Cooksey" 13 => "D.V. Cousins" 14 => "J.W. Dale" 15 => "O.A. Dellagostin" 16 => "F. Drobniewski" 17 => "G. Engelmann" 18 => "S. Ferdinand" 19 => "D. Gascoyne-Binzi" 20 => "M. Gordon" 21 => "M.C. Gutierrez" 22 => "W.H. Haas" 23 => "H. Heersma" 24 => "G. Kallenius" 25 => "E. Kassa-Kelembho" 26 => "T. Koivula" 27 => "H.M. Ly" 28 => "A. Makristathis" 29 => "C. Mammina" 30 => "G. Martin" 31 => "P. Mostrom" 32 => "I. Mokrousov" 33 => "V. Narbonne" 34 => "O. Narvskaya" 35 => "A. Nastasi" 36 => "S.N. Niobe-Eyangoh" 37 => "J.W. Pape" 38 => "V. Rasolofo-Razanamparany" 39 => "M. Ridell" 40 => "M.L. Rossetti" 41 => "F. Stauffer" 42 => "P.N. Suffys" 43 => "H. Takiff" 44 => "J. Texier-Maugein" 45 => "V. Vincent" 46 => "J.H. De Waard" 47 => "C. Sola" 48 => "N. Rastogi" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.3201/eid0811.020125" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Emerg Infect Dis" "fecha" => "2002" "volumen" => "8" "paginaInicial" => "1347" "paginaFinal" => "1349" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12453368" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0025" "etiqueta" => "5." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Molecular typing of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mycobacterium tuberculosis</span> based on variable number of tandem DNA repeats used alone and in association with spoligotyping" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "I. Filliol" 1 => "S. Ferdinand" 2 => "L. Negroni" 3 => "C. Sola" 4 => "N. Rastogi" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Clin Microbiol" "fecha" => "2000" "volumen" => "38" "paginaInicial" => "2520" "paginaFinal" => "2524" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10878036" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0030" "etiqueta" => "6." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Simultaneous detection and strain differentiation of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mycobacterium tuberculosis</span> for diagnosis and epidemiology" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:11 [ 0 => "J. Kamerbeek" 1 => "L. Schouls" 2 => "A. Kolk" 3 => "M. van Agterveld" 4 => "D. van Soolingen" 5 => "S. Kuijper" 6 => "A. Bunschoten" 7 => "H. Molhuizen" 8 => "R. Shaw" 9 => "M. Goyal" 10 => "J. van Embden" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Clin Microbiol" "fecha" => "1997" "volumen" => "35" "paginaInicial" => "907" "paginaFinal" => "914" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9157152" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 6 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0035" "etiqueta" => "7." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "High–resolution minisatellite-based typing as a portable approach to global analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis molecular epidemiology" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:9 [ 0 => "E. Mazars" 1 => "S. Lesjean" 2 => "A.L. Banuls" 3 => "M. Gilbert" 4 => "V. Vincent" 5 => "B. Gicquel" 6 => "M. Tibayrenc" 7 => "C. Locht" 8 => "P. Supply" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1073/pnas.98.4.1901" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Proc Natl Acad Sci USA" "fecha" => "2001" "volumen" => "98" "paginaInicial" => "1901" "paginaFinal" => "1906" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11172048" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 7 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0040" "etiqueta" => "8." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Spoligotype database of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mycobacterium tuberculosis</span>: biogeographic distribution of shared types and epidemiologic and phylogenetic perspectives" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "C. Sola" 1 => "I. Filliol" 2 => "M.C. Gutierrez" 3 => "I. Mokrousov" 4 => "V. Vincent" 5 => "N. Rastogi" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.3201/eid0703.010304" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Emerg Infect Dis" "fecha" => "2001" "volumen" => "7" "paginaInicial" => "390" "paginaFinal" => "396" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11384514" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 8 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0045" "etiqueta" => "9." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Genotyping of the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mycobacterium tuberculosis</span> complex using MIRUs: association with VNTR and spoligotyping for molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:7 [ 0 => "C. Sola" 1 => "I. Filliol" 2 => "E. Legrand" 3 => "S. Lesjean" 4 => "C. Locht" 5 => "P. Supply" 6 => "N. Rastogi" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Infect Genet Evol" "fecha" => "2003" "volumen" => "3" "paginaInicial" => "125" "paginaFinal" => "133" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12809807" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 9 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0050" "etiqueta" => "10." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Characterization of ancestral <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mycobacterium tuberculosis</span> by multiple genetic markers and proposal of genotyping strategy" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:10 [ 0 => "Y.J. Sun" 1 => "A.S. Lee" 2 => "S.T. Ng" 3 => "S. Ravindran" 4 => "K. Kremer" 5 => "R. Bellamy" 6 => "S.Y. Wong" 7 => "D. van Soolingen" 8 => "P. Supply" 9 => "N.I. Paton" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1128/JCM.42.11.5058-5064.2004" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Clin Microbiol" "fecha" => "2004" "volumen" => "42" "paginaInicial" => "5058" "paginaFinal" => "5064" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15528696" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 10 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0055" "etiqueta" => "11." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Proposal for standardization of optimized mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit-variable-number tandem repeat typing of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mycobacterium tuberculosis</span>" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:23 [ 0 => "P. Supply" 1 => "C. Allix" 2 => "S. Lesjean" 3 => "M. Cardoso-Oelemann" 4 => "S. Rüsch-Gerdes" 5 => "E. Willery" 6 => "E. Savine" 7 => "P. de Haas" 8 => "H. van Deutekom" 9 => "S. Roring" 10 => "P. Bifani" 11 => "N. Kurepina" 12 => "B. Kreiswirth" 13 => "C. Sola" 14 => "N. Rastogi" 15 => "V. Vatin" 16 => "M.C. Gutierrez" 17 => "M. Fauville" 18 => "S. Niemann" 19 => "R. Skuce" 20 => "K. Kremer" 21 => "C. Locht" 22 => "D. van Soolingen" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1128/JCM.01392-06" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Clin Microbiol" "fecha" => "2006" "volumen" => "44" "paginaInicial" => "4498" "paginaFinal" => "4510" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17005759" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 11 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0060" "etiqueta" => "12." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Automated high-throughput genotyping for study of global epidemiology of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mycobacterium tuberculosis</span> based on mycobacterial interspersed repetitive units" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "P. Supply" 1 => "S. Lesjean" 2 => "E. Savine" 3 => "K. Kremer" 4 => "D. van Soolingen" 5 => "C. Locht" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1128/JCM.39.10.3563-3571.2001" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Clin Microbiol" "fecha" => "2001" "volumen" => "39" "paginaInicial" => "3563" "paginaFinal" => "3571" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11574573" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 12 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0065" "etiqueta" => "13." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Strain identification of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mycobacterium tuberculosis</span> by DNA fingerprinting: recommendations for a standardized methodology" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:10 [ 0 => "J.D. van Embden" 1 => "M.D. Cave" 2 => "J.T. Crawford" 3 => "J.W. Dale" 4 => "K.D. Eisenach" 5 => "B. Gicquel" 6 => "P. Hermans" 7 => "C. Martin" 8 => "R. McAdam" 9 => "T.M. Shinnick" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Clin Microbiol" "fecha" => "1993" "volumen" => "31" "paginaInicial" => "406" "paginaFinal" => "409" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8381814" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 13 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0070" "etiqueta" => "14." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Occurrence and stability of insertion sequences in <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mycobacterium tuberculosis</span> complex strains: evaluation of an insertion sequence-dependent DNA polymorphism as a tool in the epidemiology of tuberculosis" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "D. van Soolingen" 1 => "P.W. Hermans" 2 => "P.E. de Haas" 3 => "D.R. Soll" 4 => "J.D. van Embden" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Clin Microbiol" "fecha" => "1991" "volumen" => "29" "paginaInicial" => "2578" "paginaFinal" => "2586" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1685494" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 14 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0075" "etiqueta" => "15." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Evaluation of strategies for molecular fingerprinting for use in the routine work of a <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mycobacterium</span> reference unit" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "S.M. Wilson" 1 => "S. Goss" 2 => "F. Drobniewski" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Clin Microbiol" "fecha" => "1998" "volumen" => "36" "paginaInicial" => "3385" "paginaFinal" => "3388" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9774602" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 15 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0080" "etiqueta" => "16." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "A data–mining approach to spacer oligonucleotide typing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "M. Sebban" 1 => "I. Mokrousov" 2 => "N. Rastogi" 3 => "C. Sola" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Bioinformatics" "fecha" => "2002" "volumen" => "18" "paginaInicial" => "235" "paginaFinal" => "243" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11847071" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 16 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0085" "etiqueta" => "17." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Germano de Sousa J. Contribution of spoligotyping to the characterization of the population structure of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mycobacterium tuberculosis</span> isolates in Portugal" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "S. David" 1 => "D. Raposo Ribeiro" 2 => "A. Antunes" 3 => "C. Portugal" 4 => "L. Sancho" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.meegid.2007.05.007" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Infect Genet Evol" "fecha" => "2007" "volumen" => "7" "paginaInicial" => "609" "paginaFinal" => "617" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17625987" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 17 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0090" "etiqueta" => "18." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Germano de Sousa J. Novos dados sobre o Spoligtyping de estirpes do complexo <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mycobacterium tuberculosis</span> isoladas no Hospital Fernando Fonseca (Amadora-Sintra, Portugal)" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:7 [ 0 => "S. David" 1 => "V. Barros" 2 => "C. Portugal" 3 => "A. Antunes" 4 => "A. Cardoso" 5 => "A. Calado" 6 => "L. Sancho" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Rev Port Pneumol XI" "fecha" => "2006" "volumen" => "6" "paginaInicial" => "513" "paginaFinal" => "531" ] ] ] ] ] ] 18 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0095" "etiqueta" => "19." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Germano de Sousa J. Spoligtyping e polimorfismo do gene <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">pncA</span> um cenário em duas etapas para o diagnóstico de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mycobacterium bovis</span> em Portugal" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:7 [ 0 => "S. David" 1 => "C. Portugal" 2 => "A. Antunes" 3 => "A. Calado" 4 => "A. Cardoso" 5 => "V. Barros" 6 => "L. Sancho" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Rev Port Pneumol XI" "fecha" => "2006" "volumen" => "6" "paginaInicial" => "533" "paginaFinal" => "556" ] ] ] ] ] ] 19 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0100" "etiqueta" => "20." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Identificação molecular pelo método de Spoligotyping de estirpes do complexo <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mycobacterium tuberculosis</span> isoladas no Hospital Fernando Fonseca" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:7 [ 0 => "S. David" 1 => "C. Portugal" 2 => "A. Antunes" 3 => "A. Cardoso" 4 => "A. Calado" 5 => "V. Barros" 6 => "L. Sancho" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Rev Port Pneumol X" "fecha" => "2004" "volumen" => "3" "paginaInicial" => "195" "paginaFinal" => "204" ] ] ] ] ] ] 20 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0105" "etiqueta" => "21." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Global dissemination of the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mycobacterium tuberculosis</span> W-Beijing family strains" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "P.J. Bifani" 1 => "B. Mathema" 2 => "N.E. Kurepina" 3 => "B.N. Kreiswirth" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Trends Microbiol" "fecha" => "2002" "volumen" => "10" "paginaInicial" => "45" "paginaFinal" => "52" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11755085" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 21 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0110" "etiqueta" => "22." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Drug-resistant tuberculosis, clinical virulence, and the dominance of the Beijing strain family in Russia" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:8 [ 0 => "F. Drobniewski" 1 => "Y. Balabanova" 2 => "V. Nikolayevsky" 3 => "M. Ruddy" 4 => "S. Kuznetzov" 5 => "S. Melentyev" 6 => "A. Zakharova" 7 => "I. Fedorin" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1001/jama.293.22.2726" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "JAMA" "fecha" => "2005" "volumen" => "293" "paginaInicial" => "2726" "paginaFinal" => "2731" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15941801" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 22 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0115" "etiqueta" => "23." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Identifying <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mycobacterium tuberculosis</span> complex strain families using spoligotypes" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "I. Vitol" 1 => "J. Driscoll" 2 => "B. Kreiswirth" 3 => "N. Kurepina" 4 => "K.P. Bennett" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.meegid.2006.03.003" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Infect Genet Evol" "fecha" => "2006" "volumen" => "6" "paginaInicial" => "491" "paginaFinal" => "504" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16632413" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 23 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0120" "etiqueta" => "24." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Spacer oligonucleotide typing of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mycobacterium bovis</span> strains from cattle and other animals: a tool for studying epidemiology of tuberculosis" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:11 [ 0 => "A. Aranaz" 1 => "E. Liébana" 2 => "A. Mateos" 3 => "L. Dominguez" 4 => "D. Vidal" 5 => "M. Domingo" 6 => "O. Gonzolez" 7 => "E.F. Rodriguez-Ferri" 8 => "A.E. Bunschoten" 9 => "J.D.A. Van Embden" 10 => "D. Cousins" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Clin Microbiol" "fecha" => "1996" "volumen" => "34" "paginaInicial" => "2734" "paginaFinal" => "2740" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8897175" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 24 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0125" "etiqueta" => "25." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Nature of DNA polymorphism in the direct repeat cluster of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mycobacterium tuberculosis</span>; Application for strain differentiation by a novel method" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "P.M.A. Groenen" 1 => "A.E. Bunschoten" 2 => "D. Van Soolingen" 3 => "J.D.A. Van Embden" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Mol Microbiol" "fecha" => "1993" "volumen" => "10" "paginaInicial" => "1057" "paginaFinal" => "1065" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7934856" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "pt" "url" => "/08732159/0000001400000004/v1_201509151547/S0873215915302555/v1_201509151547/pt/main.assets" "Apartado" => array:4 [ "identificador" => "43859" "tipo" => "SECCION" "pt" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Do Laboratório à Prática Clínica" "idiomaDefecto" => true ] "idiomaDefecto" => "pt" ] "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/08732159/0000001400000004/v1_201509151547/S0873215915302555/v1_201509151547/pt/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004E&text.app=https://journalpulmonology.org/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0873215915302555?idApp=UINPBA00004E" ]
Article information
ISSN: 08732159Original language: Portuguese
The statistics are updated each day
| Year/Month | Html | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 November | 6 | 3 | 9 |
| 2024 October | 31 | 32 | 63 |
| 2024 September | 29 | 32 | 61 |
| 2024 August | 50 | 42 | 92 |
| 2024 July | 33 | 35 | 68 |
| 2024 June | 20 | 20 | 40 |
| 2024 May | 27 | 26 | 53 |
| 2024 April | 30 | 30 | 60 |
| 2024 March | 31 | 29 | 60 |
| 2024 February | 31 | 27 | 58 |
| 2024 January | 19 | 30 | 49 |
| 2023 December | 15 | 24 | 39 |
| 2023 November | 18 | 20 | 38 |
| 2023 October | 10 | 26 | 36 |
| 2023 September | 21 | 25 | 46 |
| 2023 August | 22 | 20 | 42 |
| 2023 July | 28 | 33 | 61 |
| 2023 June | 19 | 13 | 32 |
| 2023 May | 28 | 26 | 54 |
| 2023 April | 25 | 20 | 45 |
| 2023 March | 28 | 18 | 46 |
| 2023 February | 33 | 19 | 52 |
| 2023 January | 28 | 18 | 46 |
| 2022 December | 15 | 27 | 42 |
| 2022 November | 42 | 33 | 75 |
| 2022 October | 21 | 26 | 47 |
| 2022 September | 17 | 32 | 49 |
| 2022 August | 36 | 47 | 83 |
| 2022 July | 22 | 30 | 52 |
| 2022 June | 15 | 32 | 47 |
| 2022 May | 46 | 46 | 92 |
| 2022 April | 30 | 39 | 69 |
| 2022 March | 32 | 35 | 67 |
| 2022 February | 31 | 29 | 60 |
| 2022 January | 29 | 47 | 76 |
| 2021 December | 19 | 45 | 64 |
| 2021 November | 18 | 26 | 44 |
| 2021 October | 24 | 36 | 60 |
| 2021 September | 25 | 29 | 54 |
| 2021 August | 14 | 16 | 30 |
| 2021 July | 21 | 23 | 44 |
| 2021 June | 12 | 16 | 28 |
| 2021 May | 22 | 35 | 57 |
| 2021 April | 24 | 36 | 60 |
| 2021 March | 22 | 21 | 43 |
| 2021 February | 44 | 10 | 54 |
| 2021 January | 29 | 15 | 44 |
| 2020 December | 11 | 7 | 18 |
| 2020 November | 46 | 18 | 64 |
| 2020 October | 19 | 18 | 37 |
| 2020 September | 44 | 18 | 62 |
| 2020 August | 37 | 21 | 58 |
| 2020 July | 29 | 20 | 49 |
| 2020 June | 50 | 17 | 67 |
| 2020 May | 60 | 13 | 73 |
| 2020 April | 37 | 20 | 57 |
| 2020 March | 45 | 12 | 57 |
| 2020 February | 37 | 16 | 53 |
| 2020 January | 25 | 19 | 44 |
| 2019 December | 52 | 17 | 69 |
| 2019 November | 33 | 19 | 52 |
| 2019 October | 34 | 18 | 52 |
| 2019 September | 42 | 19 | 61 |
| 2019 August | 41 | 21 | 62 |
| 2019 July | 45 | 25 | 70 |
| 2019 June | 36 | 20 | 56 |
| 2019 May | 39 | 36 | 75 |
| 2019 April | 49 | 28 | 77 |
| 2019 March | 44 | 16 | 60 |
| 2019 February | 36 | 14 | 50 |
| 2019 January | 53 | 16 | 69 |
| 2018 December | 15 | 11 | 26 |
| 2018 November | 10 | 1 | 11 |
| 2018 October | 8 | 8 | 16 |
| 2018 September | 13 | 11 | 24 |
| 2018 August | 40 | 20 | 60 |
| 2018 July | 23 | 22 | 45 |
| 2018 June | 45 | 18 | 63 |
| 2018 May | 34 | 16 | 50 |
| 2018 April | 46 | 28 | 74 |
| 2018 March | 29 | 30 | 59 |
| 2018 February | 19 | 5 | 24 |
| 2018 January | 19 | 11 | 30 |
| 2017 December | 22 | 12 | 34 |
| 2017 November | 22 | 19 | 41 |
| 2017 October | 15 | 16 | 31 |
| 2017 September | 16 | 7 | 23 |
| 2017 August | 26 | 10 | 36 |
| 2017 July | 20 | 6 | 26 |
| 2017 June | 19 | 12 | 31 |
| 2017 May | 32 | 19 | 51 |
| 2017 April | 17 | 30 | 47 |
| 2017 March | 12 | 12 | 24 |
| 2017 February | 8 | 1 | 9 |
| 2017 January | 11 | 2 | 13 |
| 2016 December | 10 | 6 | 16 |
| 2016 November | 6 | 5 | 11 |
| 2016 October | 14 | 7 | 21 |
| 2016 September | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 2016 August | 8 | 3 | 11 |
| 2016 July | 3 | 2 | 5 |
| 2016 June | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| 2016 May | 3 | 1 | 4 |
| 2016 April | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 2016 March | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| 2016 February | 5 | 6 | 11 |
| 2016 January | 6 | 5 | 11 |
| 2015 December | 5 | 3 | 8 |
| 2015 November | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 2015 October | 3 | 4 | 7 |
Show all
