Artigo Original/Original Article
Prevalência de hábitos tabágicos e sua repercussão numa população de asmáticos
The smoking rate and its repercussions on an asthmatic population sample
Bárbara Seabra1,
, Miguel Guimarães2, Aurora Carvalho2, Raquel Duarte2
Corresponding author
i.live@iname.com
Correspondência / Correspondence: Bárbara Seabra, R. Prof. Mota Pinto 248, 8.º Dto., 4100-356 Porto, Portugal. Fax: 227865100
Correspondência / Correspondence: Bárbara Seabra, R. Prof. Mota Pinto 248, 8.º Dto., 4100-356 Porto, Portugal. Fax: 227865100
1 Interna Complementar de Pneumologia, Departamento de Pneumologia, Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia / Resident, specialist training in Pulmonology, Pulmonology Unit, Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia.
2 Assistente Hospitalar de Pneumologia, Departamento de Pneumologia, Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia / Pulmonology Consultant, Pulmonology Unit, Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia.
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"etiqueta" => "1" "identificador" => "af0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Assistente Hospitalar de Pneumologia, Departamento de Pneumologia, Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia / Pulmonology Consultant, Pulmonology Unit, Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia." "etiqueta" => "2" "identificador" => "af0010" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cr0005" "etiqueta" => "*" "correspondencia" => "<span class="elsevierStyleBold">Correspondência / <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Correspondence</span></span>: Bárbara Seabra, R. Prof. Mota Pinto 248, 8.º Dto., 4100-356 Porto, Portugal. Fax: 227865100" ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "en" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "The smoking rate and its repercussions on an asthmatic population sample" ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2007-05-29" "fechaAceptado" => "2008-04-30" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "pt" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palavras-chave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec570112" "palabras" => array:4 [ 0 => "Asma" 1 => "tabaco" 2 => "GINA" 3 => "VEMS" ] ] ] "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Key-words" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec570113" "palabras" => array:4 [ 0 => "Asthma" 1 => "smoking" 2 => "GINA" 3 => "FEV1" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "pt" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Resumo" "resumen" => "<span id="as0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="sp0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Introdução</span> – A prevalência de hábitos tabágicos em Portugal e na Europa ronda os 19,2 e 33%, respectivamente. Não existem, porém, dados precisos quanto à prevalência de hábitos tabágicos na popoulação asmática.</p><p id="sp0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Objectivos</span> – Determinar a prevalência de hábitos tabágicos e sua repercussão numa amostra populacional asmática.</p><p id="sp0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Material e métodos</span> – Cento e dez doentes asmáticos observados em consultas consecutivas de asma foram classificados como não fumadores, ex-fumadores ou fumadores, de acordo com os seus hábitos tabágicos. Subsequentemente, baseados numa avaliação clínica e funcional, foram incluídos num de quatro grupos: asma persistente severa (APS), persistente moderada (APM), persistente ligeira (APL) e intermitente (AI).</p><p id="sp0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Resultados</span> – Entre os 110 doentes (65% do sexo feminino), com idades compreendidas entre os 18 e 78, 8% eram fumadores, 9% ex-fumadores e 83% não fumadores.</p><p id="sp0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Distribuição entre os asmáticos:<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="l0005"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="u0005"><p id="p0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">– Fumadores – 0% APS, 56% APM, 33% APL, 11%AI;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="u0010"><p id="p0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">– Ex-fumadores – 10% APS, 30% APM, 50% APL, 10%AI;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="u0015"><p id="p0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">– Não fumadores – 7%APS, 27%APM, 36%APL, 30%AI;</p></li></ul></p><p id="sp0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A avaliação funcional foi globalmente pior em doentes com exposição (actual ou prévia) a tabaco.</p><p id="sp0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Conclusão</span> – A prevalência de hábitos tabágicos nesta amostra populacional foi de 8%, consideravelmente inferior à sua prevalência na população portuguesa (19,2%). A análise e comparação do grau de severidade de asma e da sua avaliação funcional revelou resultados piores na população de fumadores e ex-fumadores. Estes reforçam o papel da exposição ao tabaco como factor de agravamento da asma e, consequentemente, do seu prognóstico. Estudos posteriores podem revelar-se importantes na comprovação dos bem conhecidos riscos dos hábitos tabágicos, contribuindo para alertar a população asmática neste sentido.</p><p id="sp0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Rev Port Pneumol 2008; XIV (5): 617-624</span></p></span>" ] "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "<span id="as0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="sp0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Setting</span> – The smoking rate in Portugal is 19.2% and 33% in Europe. There is no precise data on the smoking rate of the asthmatic population.</p><p id="sp0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Aim</span> – To determine the smoking rate and its repercussions on an asthmatic population sample.</p><p id="sp0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Design</span> – One hundred and ten asthmatic patients observed in asthma consultations were classified as non-smokers, former-smokers or smokers. Subsequently, based on functional and clinical criteria, they were classified as having Severe Persistent (SPA), Moderate Persistent (MoPA), Mild Persistent (MiPA) and Intermittent (IA) Asthma.</p><p id="sp0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Results</span> – 8% of 110 patients (65% female) aged 18 to 78 years were smokers, 9% former-smokers, 83% non-smokers.</p><p id="sp0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Among the asthmatics:<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="l0010"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="u0020"><p id="p0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">– smokers: 0% SPA, 56% MoPA, 33% MiPA, 11% IA;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="u0025"><p id="p0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">– former smokers: 10% SPA, 30%MoPA, 50% MiPA, 10% IA;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="u0030"><p id="p0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">– non-smokers: 7% SPA, 27% MoPA, 36% MiPA, 30% IA.</p></li></ul></p><p id="sp0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Patients with exposure to smoking had worse functional evaluation than those without exposure.</p><p id="sp0075" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Conclusion</span> – In this population sample the rate of current smoking habits (8% of current smokers) was considerably low than in Portugal (19.2%). Analysis and comparison of asthma severity and functional evaluation detected worse results in both current and former smokers. These reinforce the role of tobacco exposure in asthma aggravation and worsening of its prognosis. Further studies may be important to prove and alert the asthmatic population, in particular, to the well-known risks of smoking.</p><p id="sp0080" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Rev Port Pneumol 2008; XIV (5): 617-624</span></p></span>" ] ] "lecturaRecomendada" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "vista" => "all" "titulo" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="st0025">Bibliography</span>" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "vista" => "all" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:6 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0005" "etiqueta" => "1." 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