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Artigo de Revisão / Revision Article
Carcinoma do pulmão de pequenas células – Estado da arte e perspectivas futuras
Small cell lung cancer – State of the art and future perspectives
Fernando J. Barata1, Ana Filipa Costa1
1 Serviço de Pneumologia. Centro Hospitalar de Coimbra
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        "resumen" => "<span id="as0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="sp0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Em Portugal&#44; o cancro do pulm&#227;o &#233; a principal cau-sa de morte entre as neoplasias&#46; Em 2006 s&#227;o previstos mais de 3500 novos casos&#44; dos quais 20&#37; ser&#227;o diagnosticados como carcinoma do pulm&#227;o de pequenas c&#233;lulas &#40;CPPC&#41;&#46; Destes&#44; 25&#37; a 30&#37; dos doentes ser&#227;o estadiados como doen&#231;a localizada ou regional&#46; Para estes&#44; a op&#231;&#227;o terap&#234;utica passa pela combina&#231;&#227;o da radioterapia &#40;50<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Gy ou 60<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Gy&#41; di&#225;ria e quimioterapia&#46; A radioterapia hiperfraccionada&#44; em consequ&#234;ncia da sua toxicidade&#44; est&#225; limitada a doentes seleccionados&#46;</p><p id="sp0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A combina&#231;&#227;o etop&#243;sido e cisplatina &#233; sin&#233;rgica&#44; bem tolerada&#46; &#201; o regimen <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">standard</span> quer na op&#231;&#227;o concomi-tante com a radioterapia&#44; quer isoladamente na doen&#231;a disseminada&#46;</p><p id="sp0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Apesar da quimiossensibilidade e radiosensibilidade&#44; o progn&#243;stico global do CPPC &#233; pobre&#46; H&#225; um de-senvolvimento precoce de resist&#234;ncia associado a uma elevada predisposi&#231;&#227;o para a recidiva&#46;</p><p id="sp0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A terap&#234;utica de segunda linha para o CPPC &#233; um problema real e actual&#46; Topotecano &#233; hoje uma op-&#231;&#227;o efectiva e bem tolerada no tratamento em segunda linha do CPPC&#46; H&#225; um aumento significativo da sobreviv&#234;ncia mediana <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> a terap&#234;utica sintom&#225;tica&#46; A sua efic&#225;cia &#233; compar&#225;vel ao cl&#225;ssi-co regimen CAV&#46; Mostra boa tolerabilidade mes-mo quando administrado em doentes idosos&#44; com PS<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#46; Continua a ser bem tolerado e eficaz quando combinado com a radioterapia holocraniana cerebral ou quando administrado num esquema semanal&#46;</p><p id="sp0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Com novas classes de f&#225;rmacos&#44; como agentes anti-angiog&#233;nicos como o bevacizumab&#44; inibidores da tirosina quinase e talidomida&#44; decorrem ensaios avaliando a sua associa&#231;&#227;o com a cl&#225;ssica quimioterapia em doentes com CPPC disseminada&#46;</p><p id="sp0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Rev Port Pneumol 2007&#59; XIII &#40;4&#41;&#58; 587-604</span></p></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="as0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="sp0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer related death in Portugal&#46; Almost 3500 Portuguese are expected to be diagnosed with lung cancer in 2006&#59; approximately 20&#37; will have small cell lung cancer &#40;SCLC&#41;&#46; At presentation&#44; 25&#37; to 30&#37; of patients will have local or regional disease&#44; classified as limited stage disease&#46; The concurrent chemovalidation therapy is the best choice&#46; Once daily thoracic radiation therapy to doses in the range of 50<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Gy to 60<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Gy would reflect an accepted standard of care in daily practice&#46; Because of the increase toxicity associated with hyper fractionated radiation&#44; this approach is often limited to select patients&#46; Etoposide plus cisplatin are synergistic&#44; well tolerated and result in equal or superior survival compared with other regimens&#46; This is the standard regimen for concomitant therapy in limited stage and for extensive disease SCLC&#46;</p><p id="sp0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Despite good chemo sensitivity and radio sensitivity&#44; the prognosis of SCLC is very poor because of the early development of resistance and the associated high tendency to recurrence&#44; making second line treatment of SCLC a problem of real medical relevance&#46;</p><p id="sp0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Topotecan now offers an effective and well tolerated mono-substance for second line therapy of recurrent SCLC&#46; There has been a significant increase in median survival for patients with SCLC receiving topotecan plus symptomatic therapy <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> symptomatic therapy&#46; The efficacy of this drug is comparable to the efficacy of the three-drug combination CAV&#46; The tolerability can be improved by means of toxicity-adapted dosing&#46; In elderly and in patients with performance status 2&#44; topotecan is also well tolerated and has good efficacy&#46; Initial studies into weekly administration also demonstrate good efficacy&#46; The combination of topotecan with cranial radiotherapy is well tolerated and effective in the treatment of cerebral metastases of SCLC&#46; New classes of agents&#44; such as antiangiogenic agents including bevacizumab&#44; small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors and thalidomide are being evaluated with chemotherapy for patients with extensive stage SCLC&#46;</p><p id="sp0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Rev Port Pneumol 2007&#59; XIII &#40;4&#41;&#58; 587-604</span></p></span>"
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Article information
ISSN: 08732159
Original language: Portuguese
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