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        "resumen" => "<span id="as0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="sp0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Enquadramento</span>&#58; As altera&#231;&#245;es do sistema nervoso central em trabalhadores expostos a ru&#237;do de baixa frequ&#234;ncia &#40;RBF&#44; &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>500<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Hz&#44; incluindo infra-sons&#41; foram observadas pela primeira vez h&#225; 25 anos&#44; em t&#233;cnicos de aeronaves&#46; Ao mesmo tempo&#44; foi tamb&#233;m identificada patologia respirat&#243;ria nos mesmos trabalhadores&#44; mais tarde reproduzida em modelos animais sob exposi&#231;&#227;o a RBF&#46; Actualmente&#44; a doen&#231;a vibroac&#250;stica &#40;VAD&#41; define-se como patologia sist&#233;mica causada por exposi&#231;&#227;o excessiva a RBF&#46; O aparelho respirat&#243;rio continua sob estudo intensivo&#44; quer em modelos humanos quer animais&#44; expostos a excessivo RBF&#44; e tem sido confirmado como um alvo preferencial do RBF&#46; Uma vez que ambos os sistemas&#44; respirat&#243;rio e nervoso central&#44; est&#227;o comprometidos nestes trabalhadores&#44; torna-se pertinente a investiga&#231;&#227;o do estado do controlo neurol&#243;gico da respira&#231;&#227;o em doentes com a VAD&#46; O prop&#243;sito deste estudo &#233; a explora&#231;&#227;o das implica&#231;&#245;es destes resultados&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleBold">M&#233;todos&#58;</span> Avaliaram-se as press&#245;es respirat&#243;rias m&#225;ximas&#44; incluindo a press&#227;o aos 0&#44;100 seg de uma inspira&#231;&#227;o profunda&#44; com in&#237;cio na capacidade residual funcional &#40;P<span class="elsevierStyleInf">0&#46;1</span>&#41;&#44; em respira&#231;&#227;o com ar ambiente&#44; etamb&#233;m ap&#243;s estabiliza&#231;&#227;o respirat&#243;ria face &#224; inala&#231;&#227;o de uma mistura de ar com 5&#44;9&#37; de CO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> &#40;Masterscreen vers&#227;o 4&#46;3&#44; Viasys&#44; Wurzburg&#44; Alemanha&#41;&#44; por v&#225;lvula em Y com oclus&#227;o &#8211; P<span class="elsevierStyleInf">0&#46;1</span> CO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#46; Foram observados 22 indiv&#237;duos de sexo masculino&#44; de 50&#44;5 anos &#40;&#177; 8&#44;5&#44; entre 36-66 anos&#41;&#44; expostos a n&#237;vel ocupacional a ambientes ricos em RBF&#46; Tamb&#233;m se avaliou um grupo de controlo&#44; de 7 indiv&#237;duos&#44; exposto a menores n&#237;veis acumulados de RBF&#44; idade m&#233;dia 42&#44;4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>14&#44; entre 25 e 61 anos&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleBold">Resultados&#58;</span> Os exames funcionais respirat&#243;rios foram normais&#44; quer em doentes com VAD quer em controlos&#46; O &#237;ndice de P<span class="elsevierStyleInf">0&#46;1</span> &#40;CO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#41; &#40;&#37; do valor de refer&#234;ncia&#41; ficou muito abaixo em doentes com VAD &#40;m&#233;dia&#58; 22&#44;9&#37;&#41; relativamente ao grupo de controlo &#40;&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>60&#37;&#41;&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleBold">Conclus&#245;es&#58;</span> Na resposta reflexa ao acr&#233;scimo de PCO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#44; os quimio-receptores centrais s&#227;o respons&#225;veis por 70&#37; do est&#237;mulo ventilat&#243;rio&#46; Um est&#237;mulo ventilat&#243;rio diminu&#237;do pode traduzir certa disfun&#231;&#227;o do tronco cerebral&#46; Em doentes com VAD&#44; esta disfun&#231;&#227;o &#233; corroborada por anomalias dos potenciais evocados auditivos do tronco cerebral&#44; bem como por altera&#231;&#245;es detect&#225;veis em resson&#226;ncia magn&#233;tica&#46; O &#237;ndice P<span class="elsevierStyleInf">0&#46;1</span> CO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> pode revelar-se um indicador cl&#237;nico &#250;til para o diagn&#243;stico e seguimento da VAD&#46; Em resumo&#44; o controlo neurol&#243;gico da respira&#231;&#227;o est&#225; comprometido em doentes com VAD&#46;</p><p id="sp0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Rev Port Pneumol 2006&#59; XII &#40;4&#41;&#58; 369-374</span></p></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="as0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="sp0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Introduction&#58;</span> Central nervous system disorders in workers exposed to low frequency noise &#40;LFN&#44; &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>500<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Hz&#44; including infrasound&#41; were first observed 25 years ago among aircraft technicians&#46; Concurrently&#44; respiratory pathology was identified in these workers&#44; and later reproduced in LFN-exposed animal models&#46; Today vibroacoustic disease &#40;VAD&#41; is defined as the systemic pathology caused by excessive exposure to LFN&#46; The respiratory tract continues to be under heavy scrutiny in both LFN-exposed humans and animal models and has been confirmed as a major target for LFN-induced damage&#46; Given that both the respiratory and central nervous systems were compromised in these workers&#44; it became pertinent to investigate the status of the neurological control of breathing in VAD patients&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleBold">Methods&#58;</span> The P-<span class="elsevierStyleInf">0&#46;1</span> value&#44; a measure of the suction pressure developed at the mouth 0&#46;1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>seconds after the start of inspiration&#44; depends on the respiratory centres and the autonomic nervous system pathway of the neural control of respiratory function&#46; By rebreathing CO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#44; &#40;6&#37; in air&#41; normal individuals present an average seven-fold increase in P<span class="elsevierStyleInf">0&#46;1</span> &#40;CO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#41; as compared to basal P-<span class="elsevierStyleInf">0&#46;1</span>&#46; Twenty-two male VAD patients &#40;ave&#46; age 50&#46;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>8&#46;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>years&#44; range&#58; 36-66 years&#41; underwent the P<span class="elsevierStyleInf">0&#46;1</span> &#40;CO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#41; index respiratory drive tests&#44; as well as standard pulmonary function tests&#46; Seven individuals &#40;ave&#46; age 42&#46;4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>14<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>years&#44; range&#58; 25-61 years&#41; with reduced LFN exposure served as controls&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleBold">Results&#58;</span> Pulmonary function tests were normal in both VAD patients and controls&#46; The P<span class="elsevierStyleInf">0&#46;1</span> &#40;CO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#41; index was below average value in VAD patients &#40;average&#58; 22&#46;9&#37;&#41; while it presented normal values in the control group &#40;average &#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>60&#37;&#41;&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleBold">Discussion&#58;</span> In the involuntary response to increased PCO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> levels&#44; central chemoreceptors are responsible for 70&#37; of the ventilatory stimulus&#46; In VAD patients&#44; this dysfunction may originate in the brainstem&#46; This is corroborated by the fact that VAD patients register abnormal values for auditory brainstem evoked potentials&#44; and disclose lesions with magnetic resonance imaging&#46; The neurological control of breathing is compromised in VAD patients&#46; The P<span class="elsevierStyleInf">0&#46;1</span> &#40;CO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#41; index may be a useful clinical indicator for VAD diagnosis and follow-up&#46;</p><p id="sp0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Rev Port Pneumol 2006&#59; XII &#40;4&#41;&#58; 369-374</span></p></span>"
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Artigo Original\Original Article
Drive respiratório anormal na doença vibroacústica
Abnormal respiratory drive in vibroacoustic disease
José Reis Ferreira1, José Albuquerque e Sousa2, Peter Foreid3, Marco Antunes4, Sofia Cardoso5, Mariana Alves-Pereira6, Nuno A.A. Castelo Branco7
1 Médico Pneumologista. Serviço de Pneumologia, Hospital da Força Aérea, Lisboa
2 Médico de Medicina Interna. Medicina Hiperbárica, Hospital da Marinha, Lisboa
3 Médico Neurologista. Serviço de Neurofisiologia, Instituto Português de Oncologia, Lisboa
4 Técnico de Cardiopneumologia. Unidade de Estudo Funcional Respiratório, Hospital da Força Aérea, Lisboa
5 Técnica de Cardiopneumologia. Unidade de Estudo Funcional Respiratório, Hospital da Força Aérea, Lisboa
6 Engenheira Biomédica, ERISA. Universidade Lusófona
7 Médico Anatomopatologista. Presidente do Conselho Científico, Centro da Performance Humana, Alverca vibroacoustic.
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        "titulo" => "Abnormal respiratory drive in vibroacoustic disease"
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        "titulo" => "Resumo"
        "resumen" => "<span id="as0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="sp0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Enquadramento</span>&#58; As altera&#231;&#245;es do sistema nervoso central em trabalhadores expostos a ru&#237;do de baixa frequ&#234;ncia &#40;RBF&#44; &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>500<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Hz&#44; incluindo infra-sons&#41; foram observadas pela primeira vez h&#225; 25 anos&#44; em t&#233;cnicos de aeronaves&#46; Ao mesmo tempo&#44; foi tamb&#233;m identificada patologia respirat&#243;ria nos mesmos trabalhadores&#44; mais tarde reproduzida em modelos animais sob exposi&#231;&#227;o a RBF&#46; Actualmente&#44; a doen&#231;a vibroac&#250;stica &#40;VAD&#41; define-se como patologia sist&#233;mica causada por exposi&#231;&#227;o excessiva a RBF&#46; O aparelho respirat&#243;rio continua sob estudo intensivo&#44; quer em modelos humanos quer animais&#44; expostos a excessivo RBF&#44; e tem sido confirmado como um alvo preferencial do RBF&#46; Uma vez que ambos os sistemas&#44; respirat&#243;rio e nervoso central&#44; est&#227;o comprometidos nestes trabalhadores&#44; torna-se pertinente a investiga&#231;&#227;o do estado do controlo neurol&#243;gico da respira&#231;&#227;o em doentes com a VAD&#46; O prop&#243;sito deste estudo &#233; a explora&#231;&#227;o das implica&#231;&#245;es destes resultados&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleBold">M&#233;todos&#58;</span> Avaliaram-se as press&#245;es respirat&#243;rias m&#225;ximas&#44; incluindo a press&#227;o aos 0&#44;100 seg de uma inspira&#231;&#227;o profunda&#44; com in&#237;cio na capacidade residual funcional &#40;P<span class="elsevierStyleInf">0&#46;1</span>&#41;&#44; em respira&#231;&#227;o com ar ambiente&#44; etamb&#233;m ap&#243;s estabiliza&#231;&#227;o respirat&#243;ria face &#224; inala&#231;&#227;o de uma mistura de ar com 5&#44;9&#37; de CO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> &#40;Masterscreen vers&#227;o 4&#46;3&#44; Viasys&#44; Wurzburg&#44; Alemanha&#41;&#44; por v&#225;lvula em Y com oclus&#227;o &#8211; P<span class="elsevierStyleInf">0&#46;1</span> CO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#46; Foram observados 22 indiv&#237;duos de sexo masculino&#44; de 50&#44;5 anos &#40;&#177; 8&#44;5&#44; entre 36-66 anos&#41;&#44; expostos a n&#237;vel ocupacional a ambientes ricos em RBF&#46; Tamb&#233;m se avaliou um grupo de controlo&#44; de 7 indiv&#237;duos&#44; exposto a menores n&#237;veis acumulados de RBF&#44; idade m&#233;dia 42&#44;4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>14&#44; entre 25 e 61 anos&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleBold">Resultados&#58;</span> Os exames funcionais respirat&#243;rios foram normais&#44; quer em doentes com VAD quer em controlos&#46; O &#237;ndice de P<span class="elsevierStyleInf">0&#46;1</span> &#40;CO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#41; &#40;&#37; do valor de refer&#234;ncia&#41; ficou muito abaixo em doentes com VAD &#40;m&#233;dia&#58; 22&#44;9&#37;&#41; relativamente ao grupo de controlo &#40;&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>60&#37;&#41;&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleBold">Conclus&#245;es&#58;</span> Na resposta reflexa ao acr&#233;scimo de PCO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#44; os quimio-receptores centrais s&#227;o respons&#225;veis por 70&#37; do est&#237;mulo ventilat&#243;rio&#46; Um est&#237;mulo ventilat&#243;rio diminu&#237;do pode traduzir certa disfun&#231;&#227;o do tronco cerebral&#46; Em doentes com VAD&#44; esta disfun&#231;&#227;o &#233; corroborada por anomalias dos potenciais evocados auditivos do tronco cerebral&#44; bem como por altera&#231;&#245;es detect&#225;veis em resson&#226;ncia magn&#233;tica&#46; O &#237;ndice P<span class="elsevierStyleInf">0&#46;1</span> CO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> pode revelar-se um indicador cl&#237;nico &#250;til para o diagn&#243;stico e seguimento da VAD&#46; Em resumo&#44; o controlo neurol&#243;gico da respira&#231;&#227;o est&#225; comprometido em doentes com VAD&#46;</p><p id="sp0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Rev Port Pneumol 2006&#59; XII &#40;4&#41;&#58; 369-374</span></p></span>"
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        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="as0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="sp0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Introduction&#58;</span> Central nervous system disorders in workers exposed to low frequency noise &#40;LFN&#44; &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>500<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Hz&#44; including infrasound&#41; were first observed 25 years ago among aircraft technicians&#46; Concurrently&#44; respiratory pathology was identified in these workers&#44; and later reproduced in LFN-exposed animal models&#46; Today vibroacoustic disease &#40;VAD&#41; is defined as the systemic pathology caused by excessive exposure to LFN&#46; The respiratory tract continues to be under heavy scrutiny in both LFN-exposed humans and animal models and has been confirmed as a major target for LFN-induced damage&#46; Given that both the respiratory and central nervous systems were compromised in these workers&#44; it became pertinent to investigate the status of the neurological control of breathing in VAD patients&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleBold">Methods&#58;</span> The P-<span class="elsevierStyleInf">0&#46;1</span> value&#44; a measure of the suction pressure developed at the mouth 0&#46;1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>seconds after the start of inspiration&#44; depends on the respiratory centres and the autonomic nervous system pathway of the neural control of respiratory function&#46; By rebreathing CO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#44; &#40;6&#37; in air&#41; normal individuals present an average seven-fold increase in P<span class="elsevierStyleInf">0&#46;1</span> &#40;CO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#41; as compared to basal P-<span class="elsevierStyleInf">0&#46;1</span>&#46; Twenty-two male VAD patients &#40;ave&#46; age 50&#46;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>8&#46;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>years&#44; range&#58; 36-66 years&#41; underwent the P<span class="elsevierStyleInf">0&#46;1</span> &#40;CO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#41; index respiratory drive tests&#44; as well as standard pulmonary function tests&#46; Seven individuals &#40;ave&#46; age 42&#46;4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>14<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>years&#44; range&#58; 25-61 years&#41; with reduced LFN exposure served as controls&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleBold">Results&#58;</span> Pulmonary function tests were normal in both VAD patients and controls&#46; The P<span class="elsevierStyleInf">0&#46;1</span> &#40;CO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#41; index was below average value in VAD patients &#40;average&#58; 22&#46;9&#37;&#41; while it presented normal values in the control group &#40;average &#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>60&#37;&#41;&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleBold">Discussion&#58;</span> In the involuntary response to increased PCO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> levels&#44; central chemoreceptors are responsible for 70&#37; of the ventilatory stimulus&#46; In VAD patients&#44; this dysfunction may originate in the brainstem&#46; This is corroborated by the fact that VAD patients register abnormal values for auditory brainstem evoked potentials&#44; and disclose lesions with magnetic resonance imaging&#46; The neurological control of breathing is compromised in VAD patients&#46; The P<span class="elsevierStyleInf">0&#46;1</span> &#40;CO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#41; index may be a useful clinical indicator for VAD diagnosis and follow-up&#46;</p><p id="sp0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Rev Port Pneumol 2006&#59; XII &#40;4&#41;&#58; 369-374</span></p></span>"
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Article information
ISSN: 08732159
Original language: Portuguese
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