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        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objectives</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To study the smoking habits of 6th year Portuguese medical students and assess their knowledge and acceptance of anti-smoking measures and how they felt these would impact on public health&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Material and methods</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study&#44; in which a self-administered&#44; anonymous questionnaire was made available online to the target population &#40;6th year Portuguese medical students&#41;&#46; The relationships between some of the variables were analysed using contingency tables and the &#967;2 test&#44; with p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05 taken as statistically significant&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">We obtained 255 answers to our questionnaire&#46; We found an 18&#46;04&#37; prevalence of smokers&#46; The majority of smokers smoked 1 &#8211; 10 cigarettes per day&#44; with men smoking more&#44; and most of them had begun their habit between 13 and 18 years of age&#44; with women beginning later&#46; 36&#46;96&#37; of smokers had already made an attempt to quit smoking&#46;</p><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The great majority of the respondents agreed with the anti-smoking measures listed in the questionnaire&#46; Furthermore&#44; they expected these measures to have a positive impact on smoking and on smoking-related morbidity and mortality&#46; Only 34&#46;90&#37; of the students judged smoking cessation to be sufficiently taught in their curricula&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The results are in accordance with the population in general in terms of the prevalence of smokers&#44; the age of beginning smoking and a high prevalence of women smokers&#46; There appears to be across-the-board agreement with anti-smoking measures&#44; along with hope for a reduced general and individual consumption and morbi-mortality&#46;</p>"
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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objectivos</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudar os h&#225;bitos tab&#225;gicos&#44; caracterizar o conhecimento&#44; a aceita&#231;&#227;o de medidas anti-tab&#225;gicas e as expectativas em rela&#231;&#227;o ao impacto destas na sa&#250;de p&#250;blica em alunos do 6&#46;&#176; ano de Medicina&#44; em Portugal&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Material e m&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Foi realizado um estudo descritivo transversal&#44; cuja popula&#231;&#227;o-alvo foram os alunos de Medicina do sexto ano em Portugal&#46; Foi utilizado um question&#225;rio auto-preenchido&#44; an&#243;nimo&#44; disponibilizado numa p&#225;gina <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">online</span>&#44; que divulg&#225;mos por correio electr&#243;nico&#46; Para a an&#225;lise de algumas vari&#225;veis&#44; utiliz&#225;mos tabelas de conting&#234;ncia e a prova do &#967;2&#44; com n&#237;vel de signific&#226;ncia de 0&#44;05&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Obtivemos 255 question&#225;rios v&#225;lidos&#46; A taxa de fumadores foi de 18&#44;04&#37;&#46; O consumo de cigarros mais frequente foi entre 1&#8211;10&#44; sendo mais elevado entre os homens&#46; A idade de in&#237;cio da maioria foi entre 13&#8211;18 anos&#44; com as mulheres a come&#231;arem mais tarde&#46; Dos fumadores&#44; 36&#44;96&#37; j&#225; fizeram uma tentativa de cessa&#231;&#227;o tab&#225;gica&#46; A maioria dos inquiridos concorda com as medidas anti-tab&#225;gicas inquiridas e considera que ir&#227;o diminuir o consumo e a morbimortalidade da popula&#231;&#227;o em geral&#46; A forma&#231;&#227;o sobre cessa&#231;&#227;o tab&#225;gica foi considerada suficiente por 34&#44;90&#37;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclus&#245;es</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Os resultados obtidos est&#227;o de acordo com as caracter&#237;sticas da popula&#231;&#227;o em geral&#44; nomeadamente quanto &#224; preval&#234;ncia de fumadores&#44; idade de in&#237;cio do consumo de tabaco e elevada preval&#234;ncia de mulheres fumadoras&#46; As medidas anti-tab&#225;gicas parecem reunir consenso&#44; segundo a nossa amostra&#44; que tamb&#233;m espera uma redu&#231;&#227;o do consumo geral e individual&#44; assim como da morbimortalidade&#46;</p>"
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Smoking habits of sixth year medical students and anti-smoking measures in Portugal
Hábitos tabágicos em alunos do 6.° ano de Medicina e medidas anti-tabágicas
André Borges1,4, Filipa Marques1,4, José Lima1,4, Luís Costa1,4, Patrícia Gonçalves1,4, Rui Fernandes1,4, Nídia Gonçalves2,4, Jorge Manuel Torgal Dias Garcia3,4
1 Alunos do 6.° ano de Medicina, da Faculdade de Ciências Médicas de Lisboa / 6thyear medical students, Lisbon School of Medicine
2 Assistente convidada do Departamento Universitário de Saúde Pública, da Faculdade de Ciências Médicas de Lisboa / Guest Professor, University Department of Public Health, Lisbon School of Sciences
3 Departamento Universitário de Saúde Pública / University Department of Public Health Director: Prof. Doutor Jorge Manuel Torgal Dias Garcia
4 Morada / Address: Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 130. 1169-056 Lisboa - Portugal Telefones: (351) 218 803 060, (351) 218 803 000 (ext. 25458) Fax: (351) 218 875 545
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        "titulo" => "H&#225;bitos tab&#225;gicos em alunos do 6&#46;&#176; ano de Medicina e medidas anti-tab&#225;gicas"
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        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objectives</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To study the smoking habits of 6th year Portuguese medical students and assess their knowledge and acceptance of anti-smoking measures and how they felt these would impact on public health&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Material and methods</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study&#44; in which a self-administered&#44; anonymous questionnaire was made available online to the target population &#40;6th year Portuguese medical students&#41;&#46; The relationships between some of the variables were analysed using contingency tables and the &#967;2 test&#44; with p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05 taken as statistically significant&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">We obtained 255 answers to our questionnaire&#46; We found an 18&#46;04&#37; prevalence of smokers&#46; The majority of smokers smoked 1 &#8211; 10 cigarettes per day&#44; with men smoking more&#44; and most of them had begun their habit between 13 and 18 years of age&#44; with women beginning later&#46; 36&#46;96&#37; of smokers had already made an attempt to quit smoking&#46;</p><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The great majority of the respondents agreed with the anti-smoking measures listed in the questionnaire&#46; Furthermore&#44; they expected these measures to have a positive impact on smoking and on smoking-related morbidity and mortality&#46; Only 34&#46;90&#37; of the students judged smoking cessation to be sufficiently taught in their curricula&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The results are in accordance with the population in general in terms of the prevalence of smokers&#44; the age of beginning smoking and a high prevalence of women smokers&#46; There appears to be across-the-board agreement with anti-smoking measures&#44; along with hope for a reduced general and individual consumption and morbi-mortality&#46;</p>"
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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objectivos</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudar os h&#225;bitos tab&#225;gicos&#44; caracterizar o conhecimento&#44; a aceita&#231;&#227;o de medidas anti-tab&#225;gicas e as expectativas em rela&#231;&#227;o ao impacto destas na sa&#250;de p&#250;blica em alunos do 6&#46;&#176; ano de Medicina&#44; em Portugal&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Material e m&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Foi realizado um estudo descritivo transversal&#44; cuja popula&#231;&#227;o-alvo foram os alunos de Medicina do sexto ano em Portugal&#46; Foi utilizado um question&#225;rio auto-preenchido&#44; an&#243;nimo&#44; disponibilizado numa p&#225;gina <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">online</span>&#44; que divulg&#225;mos por correio electr&#243;nico&#46; Para a an&#225;lise de algumas vari&#225;veis&#44; utiliz&#225;mos tabelas de conting&#234;ncia e a prova do &#967;2&#44; com n&#237;vel de signific&#226;ncia de 0&#44;05&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Obtivemos 255 question&#225;rios v&#225;lidos&#46; A taxa de fumadores foi de 18&#44;04&#37;&#46; O consumo de cigarros mais frequente foi entre 1&#8211;10&#44; sendo mais elevado entre os homens&#46; A idade de in&#237;cio da maioria foi entre 13&#8211;18 anos&#44; com as mulheres a come&#231;arem mais tarde&#46; Dos fumadores&#44; 36&#44;96&#37; j&#225; fizeram uma tentativa de cessa&#231;&#227;o tab&#225;gica&#46; A maioria dos inquiridos concorda com as medidas anti-tab&#225;gicas inquiridas e considera que ir&#227;o diminuir o consumo e a morbimortalidade da popula&#231;&#227;o em geral&#46; A forma&#231;&#227;o sobre cessa&#231;&#227;o tab&#225;gica foi considerada suficiente por 34&#44;90&#37;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclus&#245;es</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Os resultados obtidos est&#227;o de acordo com as caracter&#237;sticas da popula&#231;&#227;o em geral&#44; nomeadamente quanto &#224; preval&#234;ncia de fumadores&#44; idade de in&#237;cio do consumo de tabaco e elevada preval&#234;ncia de mulheres fumadoras&#46; As medidas anti-tab&#225;gicas parecem reunir consenso&#44; segundo a nossa amostra&#44; que tamb&#233;m espera uma redu&#231;&#227;o do consumo geral e individual&#44; assim como da morbimortalidade&#46;</p>"
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