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        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Aim</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Evaluate costs and benefits of erlotinib as 2nd or 3<span class="elsevierStyleSup">rd</span> line treatment of advanced or metastatic nonsmall cell lung cancer &#40;NSCLC&#41; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> docetaxel&#44; pemetrexed and best supportive care&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Materials and methods</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Cost-minimisation and cost-utility analysis were performed&#46; Time horizon of two years&#46; Portuguese National Health System &#40;NHS&#41; perspective was applied&#46; Survival and time to progression were obtained from three clinical trials&#46; Base-case analysis&#58; 2<span class="elsevierStyleSup">nd</span> or 3<span class="elsevierStyleSup">rd</span> line patients with advanced or metastatic NSCLC&#46; Quality Adjusted Life Years &#40;QALYs&#41; were obtained from a UK study&#46; Resource consumption was estimated by a Portuguese panel of experts&#46; Costs were calculated according to official Portuguese databases &#40;updated to 2008&#41;&#46; Only direct health costs were applied&#46; Annual discount rate&#58; 5&#37;&#46; Sensitivity analysis included different subpopulations&#44; a three year time horizon and a probabilistic analysis&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The cost per patient was lower with erlotinib &#40;&#8364;26 478&#41; than docetaxel &#40;&#8364;29 262&#41; or pemetrexed &#40;&#8364;32 762&#41; and higher than best supportive care &#40;&#8364;16 112&#41;&#46; QALYs per patient were higher with erlotinib &#40;0&#46;250&#41; than docetaxel &#40;0&#46;225&#41;&#44; pemetrexed &#40;0&#46;241&#41; or best supportive care &#40;0&#46;186&#41;&#46; Erlotinib was dominant in the cost-utility analysis&#44; with a lower cost and a higher efficacy than docetaxel and pemetrexed&#46; The sensitivity analysis confirmed the robustness of the base-case analysis results&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The use of erlotinib instead of docetaxel or pemetrexed could contribute to annual savings for the NHS &#40;substitution rates&#58; 5&#37;&#8211;65&#37;&#41; ranging from &#8364;135 046-&#8364;1 755 602 &#40;docetaxel replacement&#41; and &#8364;291 801-&#8364;3 793 409 &#40;pemetrexed replacement&#41;&#44; with a gain in terms of QALYs&#46;</p>"
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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objectivo</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Avaliar o custo-efectividade de erlotinib na segunda ou terceira linha do tratamento do cancro do pulm&#227;o de n&#227;o pequenas c&#233;lulas &#40;CPNPC&#41; avan&#231;ado ou metastizado <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> docetaxel&#44; pemetrexedo ou tratamento de suporte&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Material e m&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">An&#225;lises de minimiza&#231;&#227;o de custos e custo-utilidade&#46; Horizonte temporal&#58; dois anos&#46; Perspectiva do Sistema Nacional de Sa&#250;de &#40;SNS&#41; portugu&#234;s&#46; Sobreviv&#234;ncia e tempo at&#233; progress&#227;o obtidos a partir de tr&#234;s ensaios cl&#237;nicos&#46; An&#225;lise-base inclui doentes com CPNPC avan&#231;ado ou metastizado em segunda ou terceira linhas&#46; Anos de vida ajustados pela qualidade &#40;ou QALY&#41; obtidos a partir de estudo no Reino Unido&#46; Consumo de recursos estimado por painel de peritos portugueses&#46; Inclu&#237;ram-se apenas custos directos&#44; obtidos a partir de fontes oficiais &#40;pre&#231;os actualizados para 2008&#41;&#46; Taxa de actualiza&#231;&#227;o anual&#58; 5&#37;&#46; An&#225;lises de sensibilidade&#58; diferentes subpopula&#231;&#245;es&#44; horizonte temporal a tr&#234;s anos e an&#225;lise probabil&#237;stica&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">O custo total&#47;doente foi menor com erlotinib &#40;26 478&#8364;&#41; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> docetaxel &#40;29 262&#8364;&#41; ou pemetrexedo &#40;32 762&#8364;&#41; e superior <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> tratamento de suporte &#40;16 112&#8364;&#41;&#46; Obtiveram-se QALY&#47;doente mais elevados com erlotinib &#40;0&#44;250&#41; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> docetaxel &#40;0&#44;225&#41;&#44; pemetrexedo &#40;0&#44;241&#41; ou tratamento de suporte &#40;0&#44;186&#41;&#46; Assim&#44; o erlotinib mostrou-se &#8220;dominante&#8221; em segunda ou terceira linhas <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> docetaxel e pemetrexedo&#46; A an&#225;lise de sensibilidade comprova a robustez dos resultados&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclus&#245;es</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A substitui&#231;&#227;o de docetaxel ou pemetrexedo por erlotinib poderia contribuir para uma redu&#231;&#227;o anual dos gastos do SNS que se estima &#40;taxas substitui&#231;&#227;o&#58; 5&#37;&#8211;65&#37;&#41; com uma varia&#231;&#227;o entre 135 046&#8364;-1 755 602&#8364; e entre 291 801&#8364;-3 793 409&#8364;&#44; respectivamente&#44; e com ganho em termos de QALY&#46;</p>"
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An economic analysis of erlotinib, docetaxel, pemetrexed and best supportive care as second or third line treatment of non-small cell lung cancer
Avaliação económica do erlotinib, docetaxel, pemetrexedo e tratamento de suporte no tratamento de segunda ou terceira linhas de doentes com cancro do pulmão de não pequenas células
A. Araújo1, B. Parente2, R. Sotto-Mayor3, E. Teixeira4, T. Almodôvar5, F. Barata6, H. Queiroga7, C. Pereira8, H. Pereira9, F. Negreiro10, C. Silva11
1 Coordenador da Clínica de Patologia do Pulmão, Serviço de Oncologia Médica, Instituto Português de Oncologia Francisco Gentil – Centro do Porto, Portugal / Francisco Gentil Portuguese Oncology Institute, Centro do Porto, Lung Pathology Clinic Coordinator, Medical Oncology Unit, Porto, Portugal
2 Directora do Serviço de Pneumologia, Serviço de Pneumologia, Centro Hospitalar de V. N. Gaia, Portugal / Centro Hospitalar de V. N. Gaia, Head, Pulmonology Unit, Pulmonology Unit, V. N. Gaia, Portugal
3 Chefe de Serviço de Pneumologia, Serviço de Pneumologia do Hospital de Santa Maria, CHLN, Lisboa, Portugal / Head, Pulmonology Unit, Pulmonology Unit, Hospital de Santa Maria, CHLN, Lisbon, Portugal
4 Assistente Graduada de Pneumologia, Serviço de Pneumologia, Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisboa, Portugal / Hospital de Santa Maria, Consultant, Pulmonology specialist, Pulmonology Unit, Lisbon, Portugal
5 Serviço de Pneumologia; Instituto Português de Oncologia de Francisco Gentil, Lisboa, Portugal / Pulmonology Unit, Francisco Gentil Portuguese Oncology Institute, Lisbon, Portugal
6 Responsável de Pneumologia Oncológica, Centro Hospitalar de Coimbra, Portugal / Head, Pulmonary Oncology, Centro Hospitalar de Coimbra, Portugal
7 Coordenador da Consulta de Pneumologia Oncológica, Hospital de S. João, Porto; Portugal / Pulmonary Oncology Appointment Coordinator, Hospital de S. João, Porto, Portugal
8 Pharmacoeconomic Manager, Departamento de Market Access & Health Economics, Roche Farmacêutica Química, Lda.; Portugal / Pharmacoeconomic Manager, Market Access & Health Economics Unit, Roche Farmacêutica Química, Lda., Portugal
9 Medical Manager Oncologia Pulmão, Roche Farmacêutica Química, Lda., Portugal / Medical Manager, Pulmonary Oncology, Roche Farmacêutica Química, Lda., Portugal
10 Bioestatista, Eurotrials - Consultores Científicos, Lisboa, Portugal / Biostatistician, Eurotrials - Consultores Científicos, Lisbon, Portugal
11 Bioestatista Sénior, Eurotrials - Consultores Científicos, Lisboa; Portugal / Senior Biostatistician, Eurotrials - Consultores Científicos, Lisbon, Portugal
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      "pt" => array:1 [
        "titulo" => "Avalia&#231;&#227;o econ&#243;mica do erlotinib&#44; docetaxel&#44; pemetrexedo e tratamento de suporte no tratamento de segunda ou terceira linhas de doentes com cancro do pulm&#227;o de n&#227;o pequenas c&#233;lulas"
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    "fechaAceptado" => "2008-09-11"
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            0 => "Non-small cell lung cancer"
            1 => "economics"
            2 => "Portugal"
            3 => "utility"
            4 => "cost-effectiveness"
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          "titulo" => "Palavras-chave"
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            0 => "Cancro do pulm&#227;o de n&#227;o pequenas c&#233;lulas"
            1 => "econ&#243;mico"
            2 => "Portugal"
            3 => "utilidade"
            4 => "custo-efectividade"
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      "en" => array:2 [
        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Aim</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Evaluate costs and benefits of erlotinib as 2nd or 3<span class="elsevierStyleSup">rd</span> line treatment of advanced or metastatic nonsmall cell lung cancer &#40;NSCLC&#41; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> docetaxel&#44; pemetrexed and best supportive care&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Materials and methods</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Cost-minimisation and cost-utility analysis were performed&#46; Time horizon of two years&#46; Portuguese National Health System &#40;NHS&#41; perspective was applied&#46; Survival and time to progression were obtained from three clinical trials&#46; Base-case analysis&#58; 2<span class="elsevierStyleSup">nd</span> or 3<span class="elsevierStyleSup">rd</span> line patients with advanced or metastatic NSCLC&#46; Quality Adjusted Life Years &#40;QALYs&#41; were obtained from a UK study&#46; Resource consumption was estimated by a Portuguese panel of experts&#46; Costs were calculated according to official Portuguese databases &#40;updated to 2008&#41;&#46; Only direct health costs were applied&#46; Annual discount rate&#58; 5&#37;&#46; Sensitivity analysis included different subpopulations&#44; a three year time horizon and a probabilistic analysis&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The cost per patient was lower with erlotinib &#40;&#8364;26 478&#41; than docetaxel &#40;&#8364;29 262&#41; or pemetrexed &#40;&#8364;32 762&#41; and higher than best supportive care &#40;&#8364;16 112&#41;&#46; QALYs per patient were higher with erlotinib &#40;0&#46;250&#41; than docetaxel &#40;0&#46;225&#41;&#44; pemetrexed &#40;0&#46;241&#41; or best supportive care &#40;0&#46;186&#41;&#46; Erlotinib was dominant in the cost-utility analysis&#44; with a lower cost and a higher efficacy than docetaxel and pemetrexed&#46; The sensitivity analysis confirmed the robustness of the base-case analysis results&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The use of erlotinib instead of docetaxel or pemetrexed could contribute to annual savings for the NHS &#40;substitution rates&#58; 5&#37;&#8211;65&#37;&#41; ranging from &#8364;135 046-&#8364;1 755 602 &#40;docetaxel replacement&#41; and &#8364;291 801-&#8364;3 793 409 &#40;pemetrexed replacement&#41;&#44; with a gain in terms of QALYs&#46;</p>"
      ]
      "pt" => array:2 [
        "titulo" => "Resumo"
        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objectivo</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Avaliar o custo-efectividade de erlotinib na segunda ou terceira linha do tratamento do cancro do pulm&#227;o de n&#227;o pequenas c&#233;lulas &#40;CPNPC&#41; avan&#231;ado ou metastizado <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> docetaxel&#44; pemetrexedo ou tratamento de suporte&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Material e m&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">An&#225;lises de minimiza&#231;&#227;o de custos e custo-utilidade&#46; Horizonte temporal&#58; dois anos&#46; Perspectiva do Sistema Nacional de Sa&#250;de &#40;SNS&#41; portugu&#234;s&#46; Sobreviv&#234;ncia e tempo at&#233; progress&#227;o obtidos a partir de tr&#234;s ensaios cl&#237;nicos&#46; An&#225;lise-base inclui doentes com CPNPC avan&#231;ado ou metastizado em segunda ou terceira linhas&#46; Anos de vida ajustados pela qualidade &#40;ou QALY&#41; obtidos a partir de estudo no Reino Unido&#46; Consumo de recursos estimado por painel de peritos portugueses&#46; Inclu&#237;ram-se apenas custos directos&#44; obtidos a partir de fontes oficiais &#40;pre&#231;os actualizados para 2008&#41;&#46; Taxa de actualiza&#231;&#227;o anual&#58; 5&#37;&#46; An&#225;lises de sensibilidade&#58; diferentes subpopula&#231;&#245;es&#44; horizonte temporal a tr&#234;s anos e an&#225;lise probabil&#237;stica&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">O custo total&#47;doente foi menor com erlotinib &#40;26 478&#8364;&#41; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> docetaxel &#40;29 262&#8364;&#41; ou pemetrexedo &#40;32 762&#8364;&#41; e superior <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> tratamento de suporte &#40;16 112&#8364;&#41;&#46; Obtiveram-se QALY&#47;doente mais elevados com erlotinib &#40;0&#44;250&#41; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> docetaxel &#40;0&#44;225&#41;&#44; pemetrexedo &#40;0&#44;241&#41; ou tratamento de suporte &#40;0&#44;186&#41;&#46; Assim&#44; o erlotinib mostrou-se &#8220;dominante&#8221; em segunda ou terceira linhas <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> docetaxel e pemetrexedo&#46; A an&#225;lise de sensibilidade comprova a robustez dos resultados&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclus&#245;es</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A substitui&#231;&#227;o de docetaxel ou pemetrexedo por erlotinib poderia contribuir para uma redu&#231;&#227;o anual dos gastos do SNS que se estima &#40;taxas substitui&#231;&#227;o&#58; 5&#37;&#8211;65&#37;&#41; com uma varia&#231;&#227;o entre 135 046&#8364;-1 755 602&#8364; e entre 291 801&#8364;-3 793 409&#8364;&#44; respectivamente&#44; e com ganho em termos de QALY&#46;</p>"
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Article information
ISSN: 21735115
Original language: English
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Pulmonology

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