Smoking habits in secondary school students
Avaliação de hábitos tabágicos em alunos do ensino secundário
C. Damas1,4,
, S. Saleiro2,4, A. Marinho2,4, G. Fernandes1,4, I. Gomes3,4
Corresponding author
cdamas@aeiou.pt
Correspondence/Correspondência: Travessa Fernando Namora 48, 5.° Esq. 4425 Pedrouços – Maia.
Correspondence/Correspondência: Travessa Fernando Namora 48, 5.° Esq. 4425 Pedrouços – Maia.
1 Assistente Hospitalar de Pneumologia / Pulmonology resident
2 Interna Complementar de Pneumologia / Pulmonolgy consultant
3 Assistente Hospitalar Graduada de Pneumologia / Pulmonolgy consultant and specialist
4 Serviço de Pneumologia, Hospital de São João (EPE), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto / Pulmonology Unit, Hospital de São João (EPE), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto
Read
804
Timeswas read the article
450
Total PDF
354
Total HTML
Share statistics
array:24 [ "pii" => "S2173511509700879" "issn" => "21735115" "doi" => "10.1016/S2173-5115(09)70087-9" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2009-01-01" "aid" => "70087" "copyright" => "Sociedade Portuguesa de Pneumologia" "copyrightAnyo" => "2009" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 0 "licencia" => "http://www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/" "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Rev Port Pneumol. 2009;15:43-53" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 2641 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 226 "HTML" => 1585 "PDF" => 830 ] ] "itemSiguiente" => array:19 [ "pii" => "S2173511509700880" "issn" => "21735115" "doi" => "10.1016/S2173-5115(09)70088-0" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2009-01-01" "aid" => "70088" "copyright" => "Sociedade Portuguesa de Pneumologia" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 0 "licencia" => "http://www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/" "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Rev Port Pneumol. 2009;15:55-65" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 2775 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 212 "HTML" => 1583 "PDF" => 980 ] ] "en" => array:10 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "titulo" => "C Reactive protein and disease severity in bronchiolitis" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0 "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "en" 1 => "pt" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "55" "paginaFinal" => "65" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "pt" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Proteína C reactiva e gravidade da bronquiolite aguda" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "en" => true "pt" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "S. Costa, R. Rocha, M. Tavares, A. Bonito-Vítor, L. Guedes-Vaz, Hospital S. João" "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "S." "apellidos" => "Costa" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "R." "apellidos" => "Rocha" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "M." "apellidos" => "Tavares" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "A." "apellidos" => "Bonito-Vítor" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "L." "apellidos" => "Guedes-Vaz" ] 5 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Hospital S." "apellidos" => "João" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173511509700880?idApp=UINPBA00004E" "url" => "/21735115/0000001500000001/v1_201305151504/S2173511509700880/v1_201305151504/en/main.assets" ] "itemAnterior" => array:19 [ "pii" => "S2173511509700867" "issn" => "21735115" "doi" => "10.1016/S2173-5115(09)70086-7" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2009-01-01" "aid" => "70086" "copyright" => "Sociedade Portuguesa de Pneumologia" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 0 "licencia" => "http://www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/" "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Rev Port Pneumol. 2009;15:27-42" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 2710 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 229 "HTML" => 1541 "PDF" => 940 ] ] "en" => array:10 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "titulo" => "Asthma and the new anti-smoking legislation. What has changed?" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0 "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "en" 1 => "pt" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "27" "paginaFinal" => "42" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "pt" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Asma e a nova lei do tabaco. O que mudou?" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "en" => true "pt" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Ágata Areias, João Duarte, Joana Figueiredo, Rita Lucas, Inês Matos, João Pires, Ana Glória Fonseca, José Luís Castanheira" "autores" => array:8 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Ágata" "apellidos" => "Areias" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "João" "apellidos" => "Duarte" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Joana" "apellidos" => "Figueiredo" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Rita" "apellidos" => "Lucas" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Inês" "apellidos" => "Matos" ] 5 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "João" "apellidos" => "Pires" ] 6 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Ana Glória" "apellidos" => "Fonseca" ] 7 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "José Luís" "apellidos" => "Castanheira" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173511509700867?idApp=UINPBA00004E" "url" => "/21735115/0000001500000001/v1_201305151504/S2173511509700867/v1_201305151504/en/main.assets" ] "en" => array:14 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "titulo" => "Smoking habits in secondary school students" "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0 "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "43" "paginaFinal" => "53" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "C. Damas, S. Saleiro, A. Marinho, G. Fernandes, I. Gomes" "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "C." "apellidos" => "Damas" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "cdamas@aeiou.pt" ] "referencia" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span>" "identificador" => "aff0020" ] 2 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">¿</span>" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "S." "apellidos" => "Saleiro" "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span>" "identificador" => "aff0020" ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "A." "apellidos" => "Marinho" "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span>" "identificador" => "aff0020" ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "G." "apellidos" => "Fernandes" "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span>" "identificador" => "aff0020" ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "I." "apellidos" => "Gomes" "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span>" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span>" "identificador" => "aff0020" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Assistente Hospitalar de Pneumologia / Pulmonology resident" "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Interna Complementar de Pneumologia / Pulmonolgy consultant" "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 2 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Assistente Hospitalar Graduada de Pneumologia / Pulmonolgy consultant and specialist" "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span>" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] 3 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Serviço de Pneumologia, Hospital de São João (EPE), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto / Pulmonology Unit, Hospital de São João (EPE), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto" "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span>" "identificador" => "aff0020" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Correspondence/Correspondência: Travessa Fernando Namora 48, 5.° Esq. 4425 Pedrouços – Maia." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "pt" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Avaliação de hábitos tabágicos em alunos do ensino secundário" ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2008-02-19" "fechaAceptado" => "2008-10-01" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Key-words" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec159893" "palabras" => array:3 [ 0 => "Smoking" 1 => "adolescents" 2 => "information" ] ] ] "pt" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palavras-chave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec159892" "palabras" => array:3 [ 0 => "Tabaco" 1 => "adolescentes" 2 => "informação" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Background</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Smoking is an important health risk in general, and responsible for diseases with significant mortality and morbidity. Smoking habits start early and adolescence is a notorious time for starting smoking.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Aim and Methods</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To assess knowledge on smoking and smoking habits in a population of adolescents in four Porto schools, using a confidential self administered questionnaire. Collected data were evaluated using the SPSS 1.2 statistics program (2004 version).</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A total of 1770 students aged 11 - 21 (median 15.1 years), mainly female, (58%), answered. Most students (n=952, 54.6%) were unaware of signs or warnings against smoking in their schools. The great majority (n=1639, 92.7%) considered themselves well informed on the harmful effects of smoking, but only 6.7% could list three or more tobacco-associated health consequences, however. Parents and friends were seen as privileged sources of information. Among these students, 194 (11.1%) were smokers and the average started to smoke at the age of 15. The majority of these (n=111, 57.2%) had parents who smoked and 96.4% had friends who smoked, versus 83.1% of non-smokers, a statistically significant difference (p<0.001). Pocket money was the means of acquiring cigarettes in 34.8%. Most (60.8%) considered themselves able to stop smoking at any time, while 11.4% of the smokers smoked more than one pack a day and 9.8% smoked the first cigarette within 5 minutes of waking, however.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The percentage of smokers in this group of teenagers was considerable and indicators of nicotine dependence were found. Knowledge of the risks of smoking was poor and information on smoking given by schools had an apparently low and variable impact. Parents’ and friends’ behaviour may have a weighty impact on the decision to start smoking.</p>" ] "pt" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Resumo" "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Introdução</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">O consumo de tabaco é um factor de risco importante em doenças com mortalidade e morbilidade importante. O hábito de fumar é adquirido precocemente na adolescência, sendo esta fase do desenvolvimento um período crítico para a aquisição deste hábito.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Métodos</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">De forma a avaliar os hábitos tabágicos, bem como os conhecimentos dos malefícios relacionados com o seu consumo, foi realizado um inquérito confidencial em quatro escolas secundárias da área do grande Porto. Os dados obtidos foram avaliados com recurso ao programa SPSS 1.2 (versão 2004).</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Foram obtidas respostas de 1770 alunos, com idades compreendidas entre os 11 e os 21 anos (mediana de 15,1 anos), a maioria do sexo feminino (58%). A maioria dos estudantes (n=952, 54,6%) tinha conhecimento dos avisos relacionados com o fumo dispersos na escola. A grande maioria (n=1639, 92,7%) considerava-se bem informada no que respeita aos malefícios do tabaco. No entanto, apenas 6,7% mencionou três ou mais patologias relacionadas com o consumo de tabaco. Quantos às fontes de informação os pais e os amigos foram as mais frequentemente referidas. Do total de estudantes que responderam ao inquérito 194 (11,1%) eram fumadores, tendo em média começado a fumar com 15 anos. A maioria (n=111; 57,2%) eram filhos de fumadores e a maioria dos fumadores (96,4%) tinham amigos fumadores versus 83,1% dos não fumadores, sendo esta diferença estatisticamente significativa (p<0,001). A mesada era a principal fonte de dinheiro para comprar cigarros em 34,5% dos fumadores. A maioria (60,8%) considerava ser capaz de deixar de fumar a qualquer altura, contudo 11,4% dos fumadores fumava mais de 20 cigarros/dia e 9,8% fumava o primeiro cigarro cinco minutos depois de acordar.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusão</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A percentagem de fumadores neste grupo de adolescentes é considerável, tendo sido também identificados factores de dependência. O conhecimento dos malefícios associados ao consumo de tabaco é deficiente e aparentemente a informação relacionada com os mesmos dada na escola é pouco valorizada pelos alunos. Os hábitos dos amigos e pais podem ser importantes para o início do consumo de tabaco.</p>" ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Bibliography/Bibliografia" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:24 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1" "etiqueta" => "1." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Smoking and health: physician responsibility; a statement of the Joint Committee on Smoking and Health" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "colaboracion" => "Joint Committee on Smoking, Health" "etal" => false ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Chest" "fecha" => "1995" "volumen" => "198" "paginaInicial" => "201" "paginaFinal" => "208" ] ] ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib2" "etiqueta" => "2." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Internet sales of cigarettes to minors" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "K.M. Ribisl" 1 => "R.S. Williams" 2 => "A.E. Kim" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1001/jama.290.10.1356" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "JAMA" "fecha" => "2003" "volumen" => "290" "paginaInicial" => "1356" "paginaFinal" => "1359" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12966128" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib3" "etiqueta" => "3." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Children's exposure to tobacco" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "M. Velasco-Garrido" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Epidemiol Community Health" "fecha" => "2007" "volumen" => "61" "paginaInicial" => "490" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17536256" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib4" "etiqueta" => "4." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Smoking behaviour among young adults: beyond youth prevention" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "D. Hammond" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1136/tc.2004.009621" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Tobacco Control" "fecha" => "2005" "volumen" => "14" "paginaInicial" => "181" "paginaFinal" => "185" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15923468" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib5" "etiqueta" => "5." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Role of parents and peers in influencing the smoking status of high school students in Taiwan" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "C.P. Wen" 1 => "S.P. Tsai" 2 => "T.Y. Cheng" 3 => "C.C. Hsu" 4 => "T. Chen" 5 => "H.S. Lin" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1136/tc.2003.005637" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Tobacco Control" "fecha" => "2005" "volumen" => "14" "paginaInicial" => "i10" "paginaFinal" => "i15" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15923441" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib6" "etiqueta" => "6." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Influence of socio-economic status, parents and peers on smoking behaviour of adolescents" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "A.M. Gecková" 1 => "R. Stewart" 2 => "J.P. Dijk" 3 => "O. Orsová" 4 => "D.P. Groothoft" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1159/000086403" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Eur Addict Res" "fecha" => "2005" "volumen" => "11" "paginaInicial" => "204" "paginaFinal" => "209" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16110228" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 6 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib7" "etiqueta" => "7." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Risk factors for adolescent cigarette smoking. The Muscatine study" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "T.M. Reimers" 1 => "P.R. Pomrehn" 2 => "S.L. Becker" 3 => "R.M. Lauer" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Am J Dis Child" "fecha" => "1990" "volumen" => "144" "paginaInicial" => "1265" "paginaFinal" => "1272" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2239869" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 7 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib8" "etiqueta" => "8." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Smoking from adolescence to adulthood. The effects of parental and own socioeconomic status" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "M. Paavola" 1 => "E. Vartiainen" 2 => "A. Haukkala" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1093/eurpub/14.4.417" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Eur J Public Health" "fecha" => "2004" "volumen" => "14" "paginaInicial" => "417" "paginaFinal" => "421" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15542880" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 8 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib9" "etiqueta" => "9." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Effect of viewing smoking in movies on adolescent smoking initiation: a cohort study" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:8 [ 0 => "M.A. Dalton" 1 => "J.D. Sargent" 2 => "M. Beach" 3 => "L. Titus-Ersntoff" 4 => "J. Gibson" 5 => "M.B. Ahrens" 6 => "J. Tickle" 7 => "T.F. Heatherton" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/S0140-6736(03)13970-0" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Lancet" "fecha" => "2003" "volumen" => "362" "paginaInicial" => "281" "paginaFinal" => "285" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12892958" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 9 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib10" "etiqueta" => "10." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Sistemic effects of smoking" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "D.G. Yanbaeva" 1 => "M.A. Dentener" 2 => "E.C. Creutzberg" 3 => "G. Wesseling" 4 => "E.F.M. Wounters" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1378/chest.06-2179" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Chest" "fecha" => "2007" "volumen" => "131" "paginaInicial" => "1557" "paginaFinal" => "1566" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17494805" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 10 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib11" "etiqueta" => "11." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Physical exercise, sports, and lung function in smoking vs non-smoking adolescents. The Nord-Trondelag Health Study, Norway, 1995–1997" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "T.L. Holmen" 1 => "E. Barrett-Connor" 2 => "J. Clausen" 3 => "J. Holmen" 4 => "L. Bjerner" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Eur Respir J" "fecha" => "2002" "volumen" => "19" "paginaInicial" => "8" "paginaFinal" => "15" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11843331" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 11 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib12" "etiqueta" => "12." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Test for Nicotine dependence: a revision of the Fagerstrom tolerance questionnaire" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "T.F. Heatherton" 1 => "L.T. Kozlowski" 2 => "R.C. Frecker" 3 => "K.O. Fagerstrom" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "British Journal of Addictions" "fecha" => "1991" "volumen" => "86" "paginaInicial" => "1119" "paginaFinal" => "1127" ] ] ] ] ] ] 12 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib13" "etiqueta" => "13." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Cigarette smoking attitudes and first use among third-through six-grade students: the Bogalusa Heart Study" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "K.J. Greenlund" 1 => "C. Johnson" 2 => "L.S. Webber" 3 => "G.S. Berenson" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Am J Public Health" "fecha" => "1997" "volumen" => "87" "paginaInicial" => "1345" "paginaFinal" => "1348" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9279273" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 13 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib14" "etiqueta" => "14." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Sources of tobacco for youths in communities with strong enforcement of youth access laws" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "J. Difranza" 1 => "M. Coleman" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Tobacco Control" "fecha" => "2001" "volumen" => "10" "paginaInicial" => "323" "paginaFinal" => "328" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11740022" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 14 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib15" "etiqueta" => "15." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Anti-tobacco advertisements by Massachusetts and Philip Morris: what teenagers think" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "L. Biener" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Tobacco Control" "fecha" => "2002" "volumen" => "11" "numero" => "Supl II" "paginaInicial" => "ii43" "paginaFinal" => "ii46" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12034981" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 15 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib16" "etiqueta" => "16." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Smoking in young adolescents: an approach with multilevel discrete choice models" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "J. Pinilla" 1 => "B. González" 2 => "P. Barber" 3 => "Y. Santana" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Epidemiol Community Health" "fecha" => "2002" "volumen" => "56" "paginaInicial" => "227" "paginaFinal" => "232" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11854347" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 16 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib17" "etiqueta" => "17." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Some doubts about one of the largest smoking prevention programmes in Europe, the smokefree class competition" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "J.-E. Etter" 1 => "P. Bouvier" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1136/jech.2006.041509" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Epidemiol Community Health" "fecha" => "2006" "volumen" => "60" "paginaInicial" => "757" "paginaFinal" => "759" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16905718" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 17 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib18" "etiqueta" => "18." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The impact of self-control indices. on peer smoking and adolescent smoking progression" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "J. Audrain-MacGovern" 1 => "D. Rodriguez" 2 => "K. Tercyak" 3 => "G. Neuner" 4 => "H.B. Moss" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:4 [ "tituloSerie" => "Journal of Pediatric Psychology" "fecha" => "2005" "paginaInicial" => "1" "paginaFinal" => "13" ] ] ] ] ] ] 18 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib19" "etiqueta" => "19." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The short-term impact of national smoke-free workplace legislation on passive smoking and tobacco use" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "A. Heloma" 1 => "M.S. Jaakkola" 2 => "Kähkönen" 3 => "K. Reijula" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Am J Public Health" "fecha" => "2001" "volumen" => "91" "paginaInicial" => "1416" "paginaFinal" => "1418" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11527773" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 19 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib20" "etiqueta" => "20." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Effects of workplace smoking bans on cigarette consumption" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "R. Borland" 1 => "S. Chapman" 2 => "N. Owen" 3 => "D. Hill" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Am J Public Health" "fecha" => "1990" "volumen" => "80" "paginaInicial" => "178" "paginaFinal" => "180" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2297062" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 20 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib21" "etiqueta" => "21." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Price and cigarette consumption in Europe" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "S. Gallus" 1 => "A. Schiaffino" 2 => "C. La Vecchia" 3 => "J. Townsend" 4 => "E. Fernandez" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1136/tc.2005.012468" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Tobacco Control" "fecha" => "2006" "volumen" => "15" "paginaInicial" => "114" "paginaFinal" => "119" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16565459" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 21 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib22" "etiqueta" => "22." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "How to reduce smoking among teenagers" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "P. Tonnesen" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Eur Respir J" "fecha" => "2002" "volumen" => "19" "paginaInicial" => "1" "paginaFinal" => "3" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11843306" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 22 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib23" "etiqueta" => "23." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Influence of social environment in smoking among adolescents in Turkey" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "T. Erbaydar" 1 => "S. Lawrence" 2 => "E. Dagli" 3 => "O. Hayran" 4 => "N.E. Collishaw" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1093/eurpub/cki040" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Eur J Public Health" "fecha" => "2005" "volumen" => "15" "paginaInicial" => "404" "paginaFinal" => "410" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16014658" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 23 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib24" "etiqueta" => "24." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Factors associated with age of smoking initiation in adult populations from different ethnic backgrounds" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "O. Baron-Epel" 1 => "A. Haviv-Messika" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Eur J Public Health" "fecha" => "2004" "volumen" => "14" "paginaInicial" => "301" "paginaFinal" => "305" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15369038" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "url" => "/21735115/0000001500000001/v1_201305151504/S2173511509700879/v1_201305151504/en/main.assets" "Apartado" => array:4 [ "identificador" => "9552" "tipo" => "SECCION" "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Original Article/Artigo Original" "idiomaDefecto" => true ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" ] "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/21735115/0000001500000001/v1_201305151504/S2173511509700879/v1_201305151504/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004E&text.app=https://journalpulmonology.org/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173511509700879?idApp=UINPBA00004E" ]
| Year/Month | Html | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 November | 4 | 1 | 5 |
| 2024 October | 23 | 21 | 44 |
| 2024 September | 15 | 12 | 27 |
| 2024 August | 20 | 23 | 43 |
| 2024 July | 25 | 39 | 64 |
| 2024 June | 20 | 23 | 43 |
| 2024 May | 23 | 37 | 60 |
| 2024 April | 19 | 19 | 38 |
| 2024 March | 18 | 16 | 34 |
| 2024 February | 29 | 23 | 52 |
| 2024 January | 21 | 29 | 50 |
| 2023 December | 9 | 26 | 35 |
| 2023 November | 14 | 24 | 38 |
| 2023 October | 16 | 34 | 50 |
| 2023 September | 13 | 31 | 44 |
| 2023 August | 18 | 17 | 35 |
| 2023 July | 21 | 28 | 49 |
| 2023 June | 14 | 17 | 31 |
| 2023 May | 22 | 22 | 44 |
| 2023 April | 10 | 8 | 18 |
Show all
