Four years’ follow up at a smoking cessation clinic
Casuística de quatro anos de uma consulta de apoio ao fumador
Read
843
Timeswas read the article
479
Total PDF
364
Total HTML
Share statistics
array:24 [ "pii" => "S2173511509701046" "issn" => "21735115" "doi" => "10.1016/S2173-5115(09)70104-6" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2009-03-01" "aid" => "70104" "copyright" => "Sociedade Portuguesa de Pneumologia" "copyrightAnyo" => "2009" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 0 "licencia" => "http://www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/" "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Rev Port Pneumol. 2009;15:179-97" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 2456 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 241 "HTML" => 1333 "PDF" => 882 ] ] "itemSiguiente" => array:19 [ "pii" => "S2173511509701058" "issn" => "21735115" "doi" => "10.1016/S2173-5115(09)70105-8" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2009-03-01" "aid" => "70105" "copyright" => "Sociedade Portuguesa de Pneumologia" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 0 "licencia" => "http://www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/" "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Rev Port Pneumol. 2009;15:199-214" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 3018 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 228 "HTML" => 1760 "PDF" => 1030 ] ] "en" => array:11 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Artigo Original</span>" "titulo" => "The influence of lung function and muscular strength on the functional capacity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0 "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "en" 1 => "pt" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "199" "paginaFinal" => "214" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "pt" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Influência da função pulmonar e da força muscular na capacidade funcional de portadores de doença pulmonar obstrutiva crónica" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "en" => true "pt" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Sérgio Leite Rodrigues, César Augusto Melo e Silva, Tereza Lima, Carlos Alberto de Assis Viegas, Marcelo Palmeira Rodrigues, Fernanda Almeida Ribeiro, Verônica Amado" "autores" => array:8 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Sérgio Leite" "apellidos" => "Rodrigues" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "César Augusto" "apellidos" => "Melo e Silva" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Tereza" "apellidos" => "Lima" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Carlos Alberto" "apellidos" => "de Assis Viegas" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Marcelo Palmeira" "apellidos" => "Rodrigues" ] 5 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Fernanda Almeida" "apellidos" => "Ribeiro" ] 6 => array:3 [ "preGrado" => "Dra." "nombre" => "Verônica" "apellidos" => "Amado" ] 7 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Sérgio Leite" "apellidos" => "Rodrigues" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173511509701058?idApp=UINPBA00004E" "url" => "/21735115/0000001500000002/v1_201305151507/S2173511509701058/v1_201305151507/en/main.assets" ] "itemAnterior" => array:19 [ "pii" => "S2173511509701034" "issn" => "21735115" "doi" => "10.1016/S2173-5115(09)70103-4" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2009-03-01" "aid" => "70103" "copyright" => "Sociedade Portuguesa de Pneumologia" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 0 "licencia" => "http://www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/" "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Rev Port Pneumol. 2009;15:165-78" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 3172 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 267 "HTML" => 1931 "PDF" => 974 ] ] "en" => array:10 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "titulo" => "Lung abscesses: Review of 60 cases" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0 "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "en" 1 => "pt" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "165" "paginaFinal" => "178" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "pt" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Abcessos pulmonares: Revisão de 60 casos" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "en" => true "pt" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Luísa Magalhães, Diana Valadares, Júlio R. Oliveira, Ernestina Reis" "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Luísa" "apellidos" => "Magalhães" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Diana" "apellidos" => "Valadares" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Júlio R." "apellidos" => "Oliveira" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Ernestina" "apellidos" => "Reis" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173511509701034?idApp=UINPBA00004E" "url" => "/21735115/0000001500000002/v1_201305151507/S2173511509701034/v1_201305151507/en/main.assets" ] "en" => array:14 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "titulo" => "Four years’ follow up at a smoking cessation clinic" "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0 "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "179" "paginaFinal" => "197" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "M. Aguiar, F. Todo-Bom, M. Felizardo, R. Macedo, F. Caeiro, R. Sotto-Mayor, A. Bugalho de Almeida" "autores" => array:7 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "M." "apellidos" => "Aguiar" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "m_aguiar@netcabo.pt" ] "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">¿</span>" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "F." "apellidos" => "Todo-Bom" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "M." "apellidos" => "Felizardo" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "R." "apellidos" => "Macedo" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "F." "apellidos" => "Caeiro" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] 5 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "R." "apellidos" => "Sotto-Mayor" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span>" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] ] ] 6 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "A." "apellidos" => "Bugalho de Almeida" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span>" "identificador" => "aff0020" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Interna do Complementar de Pneumologia / Resident, Pulmonology" "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Assistente Hospitalar de Pneumologia / Specialist, Pulmonology" "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 2 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Chefe de Serviço de Pneumologia / Unit Head, Pulmonology" "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span>" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] 3 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Director de Serviço do Serviço de Pneumologia I / Unit Director, Pulmonology I" "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span>" "identificador" => "aff0020" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Correspondence to/Correspondência: Hospital de Santa Maria, CHLN, Av. Egas Moniz, 1500 Lisboa." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "pt" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Casuística de quatro anos de uma consulta de apoio ao fumador" ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2008-10-20" "fechaAceptado" => "2008-12-15" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Key-words" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec159977" "palabras" => array:2 [ 0 => "Smoking cessation" 1 => "outpatient smokers" ] ] ] "pt" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palavra-chave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec159976" "palabras" => array:3 [ 0 => "Desabituação tabágica" 1 => "fumador" 2 => "consulta" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "<p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Smoking is an important cause of pulmonary pathology and this addiction can be regarded as a chronic, recurrent disease. The benefits of smoking cessation are unquestionable and all physicians should become more active and assertive in recommending it.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Aim</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To characterise the population seeking medical support for smoking cessation and understand why some successfully stop smoking and others do not.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Material and methods</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Retrospective analysis of medical records of outpatients in follow-up between January 2003 and June 2006. Age, gender, age at smokinginitiation, smoking burden (number of pack–years), associated diseases, degree of dependence (Fagerström test for nicotine addiction), prior attempts at and motivation for smoking cessation, need for cognitive/behavioural support and success and abandonment rates were evaluated.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Five hundred and twenty six patients were studied, 50% male with an average age of 45.5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>11.4 years. Almost half (43.1%; n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>227) of the patients started smoking before the age of 15. Average smoking burden was 35.8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>20 pack-years although 21.4% (n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>113) smoked more than 50 pack-years. Respiratory disease was present in 52.1% (COPD, 39.9% and others, 12.2%) and cardiovascular disease in 14.6% of the patients. In 46% of patients (n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>242) a relevant psychiatric disorder was identified; depression (21.4%), anxiety disorder (19.4%), other dependencies (2.1%) bipolar disorder (1.5%) and schizophrenia (0.6%). The evaluation of degree of addiction revealed maximum level in 69.7% of the patients (n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>380). Many patients (72.2%; n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>380) reported prior attempts to quit smoking. The strongest reasons for giving up smoking were concern over health (83.5%), financial issues (8.2%) and search for better quality of life (5.7%). Most patients (81.7%; n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>430) had undergone nicotine replacement therapy; skin patches (53.3%), chewing gum (1.1%) or both (45.6%). Psychopharmacological treatment included administration of sedative-hypnotics (86.5%), bupropion hydrochloride (2.3%) and antidepressants (0.6%). Seventy six patients (14%) benefited from cognitive/ behavioural support. Two hundred and twenty three patients (42.4%) were successful in giving up smoking while 219 (41.6%) abandoned follow up, the majority after the first appointment. Most patients that abandoned follow up reported lack of motivation and the price of therapy.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The population under study had a high rate of psychiatric disorders and a high level of dependence and lack of motivation that might justify the drop-out rate. Successful treatment was associated with close follow up, behavioural support and pharmacological therapy.</p>" ] "pt" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Resumo" "resumen" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">O tabagismo é uma importante causa de patologia pulmonar e a sua dependência poderá ser considerada uma doença crónica e recorrente. Os benefícios da cessação tabágica são inquestionáveis e todos os médicos têm responsabilidade na sua recomendação.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objectivo</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Caracterização da população que recorre à consulta de apoio ao fumador (CAF) do nosso hospital e procurar entender as razões do sucesso</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Materiais e métodos</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Análise retrospectiva dos processos clínicos de todos os doentes que foram seguidos na CAF entre Janeiro de 2003 e Junho de 2006. Foram avaliados os seguintes parâmetros: idade, sexo, idade de início, carga tabágica (unidades maço ano--UMA), patologias associadas, grau de dependência (teste de Fargerström), tentativas prévias, motivações para cessação tabágica, necessidade de apoio cognitivo- comportamental e taxas de sucesso e abandono.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Foram avaliados 526 doentes, 50% (n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>263) do sexo masculino. A média de idades situava-se nos 45,5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>11,4 anos. Iniciaram o consumo antes dos 15 anos 43,1% (n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>227). A carga tabágica foi de 35,8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>20 UMA, observando-se em 21,4% (n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>113) dos doentes um consumo superior a 50 UMA. Patologia pulmonar esteve presente em 52,1% (DPOC – 39,9%; outras – 12,2%) e a cardiovascular em 14,6% (n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>77) dos doentes. Em 46% (n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>242) foi identificada uma patologia psiquiátrica importante: perturbações depressivas (21,4%), transtorno de ansiedade (19,4%), outra toxicodependência (2,1%), doença bipolar (1,5%) e esquizofrenia (0,6%). Trezentos e sessenta e sete doentes (69,7%) obtiveram pontuação máxima no teste de Fagerström. Em 72,2% (n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>380) dos casos foram mencionadas tentativas prévias de abandono do tabagismo. Os motivos actuais evocados para a cessação tabágica relacionaram-se com: saúde (83,5%); factores económicos 8,2%; qualidade de vida (5,7%). Foram submetidos a terapêutica de substituição nicotínica 81,7% (n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>430) dos doentes, sendo a via de administração: sistema transdérmicos (53,3%), nicotina oral (1,1%) ou ambos (45,6%). O suporte psicofarmacológico utilizado foi: ansiolítico (86,5%); cloridrato bupropiona (2,3%); antidepressivo (0,6%). Foi solicitado apoio cognitivo-comportamental a 14,4% (n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>76) dos doentes. A taxa de cessação tabágica foi de 42,4% (n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>223). A redução do consumo de tabaco superior a 50% foi de 1,9% (n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10). A taxa de abandono da consulta, a maioria logo após a primeira consulta, foi de 41,6% (n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>219). A taxa de abandono da consulta relacionou-se com as características dos doentes, a falta de motivação, o preço da terapêutica e o meio ambiente desencorajador.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusão</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Verificou-se nesta população elevada percentagem de indivíduos com patologia psiquiátrica e alto grau de dependência a nicotina, factores que, aliados ao <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">stress</span> como causa <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">major</span> de aumento de consumo de tabaco, implicaram uma especial atenção ao suporte cognitivo-comportamental no sentido de garantir melhores resultados. O sucesso terapêutico esteve sem dúvida relacionado com a aderência à consulta, a terapia comportamental e a terapêutica farmacológica.</p>" ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Bibliography/Bibliografia" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:21 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1" "etiqueta" => "1." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, World Health Organization. Genebra, Switzerland, 2005." ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib2" "etiqueta" => "2." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Treatment of tobacco dependence: integrating recent progress into practice" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "B. Le Foll" 1 => "T.P. George" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1503/cmaj.070627" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "CMAJ" "fecha" => "2007" "volumen" => "177" "numero" => "11" "paginaInicial" => "1373" "paginaFinal" => "1380" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18025429" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib3" "etiqueta" => "3." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Tabagismo em Portugal" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:7 [ 0 => "S. Fraga" 1 => "S. Sousa" 2 => "A.C. Santos" 3 => "M. Mello" 4 => "N. Lunet" 5 => "P. Padrão" 6 => "H. Barros" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Arqui Med" "fecha" => "2005" "volumen" => "19" "numero" => "5–6" "paginaInicial" => "207" "paginaFinal" => "229" ] ] ] ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib4" "etiqueta" => "4." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "The European Tobacco Control Report, World Health Organization, 2007." ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib5" "etiqueta" => "5." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "Surgeon General's report. The Health Consequences of Involuntary Exposure to Tobacco Smoke, 2006." ] ] ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib6" "etiqueta" => "6." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "European Commission, Special Eurobarometer. Attitudes of Europeans towards tobacco, 2006." ] ] ] 6 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib7" "etiqueta" => "7." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Smoking cessation pharmacotherapy – nicotine and non-nicotine preparations" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "W.H. Frishman" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Prev Cardiol" "fecha" => "2007" "volumen" => "10" "numero" => "2 suppl 1" "paginaInicial" => "10" "paginaFinal" => "22" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17396063" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 7 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib8" "etiqueta" => "8." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "WHO report on the global tobacco epidemic, 2008." ] ] ] 8 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib9" "etiqueta" => "9." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "Tobacco Use: Prevention, Cessation, and Control. AHRQ Publication No. 06-E015, June 2006." ] ] ] 9 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib10" "etiqueta" => "10." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "An update on therapeutics for tobacco dependence" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "T. Lancaster" 1 => "L. Stead" 2 => "K. Cahill" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Libro" => array:2 [ "fecha" => "2008" "editorial" => "University of Oxford, Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Review Group" ] ] ] ] ] ] 10 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib11" "etiqueta" => "11." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "European Commission, Special Eurobarometer. Attitudes of Europeans Towards Tobacco, 2007." ] ] ] 11 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib12" "etiqueta" => "12." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Nicotine dependence versus smoking prevalence: comparison among contries and categories of smokers" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:9 [ 0 => "K.O. Fargerstrom" 1 => "M. Kunze" 2 => "R. Schoberberger" 3 => "N. Breslau" 4 => "J.R. Hughes" 5 => "R.D. Hurt" 6 => "P. Puska" 7 => "L. Ramstrom" 8 => "W. Zatonski" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Tobacco Control" "fecha" => "1996" "volumen" => "5" "paginaInicial" => "52" "paginaFinal" => "56" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8795860" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 12 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib13" "etiqueta" => "13." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Smoking, alcohol and dietary choices: evidence from the Portugal National Survey" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "P. Padrão" 1 => "N. Lunet" 2 => "A.C. Santos" 3 => "H. Barros" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1186/1471-2458-7-138" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "BMC Public Health" "fecha" => "2007" "volumen" => "7" "paginaInicial" => "138" "paginaFinal" => "147" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17608935" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 13 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib14" "etiqueta" => "14." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Evolução da epidemia tabágica em adolescentes portugueses escolarizados e vias para o seu controlo – Uma análise baseada nos dados do Health Behaviour in School-Aged Childen (HBSC)" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "M. Macedo" 1 => "J. Precioso" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Rev Port Pneumol" "fecha" => "2006" "volumen" => "12" "numero" => "5" "paginaInicial" => "525" "paginaFinal" => "538" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17117323" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 14 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib15" "etiqueta" => "15." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Psychological characteristics associated with tobacco smoking behaviour" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "R.C. Rondina" 1 => "R. Gorayeb" 2 => "C. Botelho" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Bras Pneumol" "fecha" => "2007" "volumen" => "33" "numero" => "5" "paginaInicial" => "592" "paginaFinal" => "601" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18026659" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 15 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib16" "etiqueta" => "16." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Smoking cessation in patients with respiratory disease: a high priority, intergral component of therapy" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:11 [ 0 => "P. Tonnesen" 1 => "L. Carrozzi" 2 => "K.O. Fagestrom" 3 => "C. Gratziou" 4 => "C. Jimenez-Ruiz" 5 => "S. Nardini" 6 => "G. Viegi" 7 => "C. Lazzaro" 8 => "I.A. Campell" 9 => "E. Dagli" 10 => "K. West" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1183/09031936.00060806" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Eur Respir J" "fecha" => "2007" "volumen" => "29" "paginaInicial" => "390" "paginaFinal" => "417" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17264326" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 16 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib17" "etiqueta" => "17." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "IPCRG Consensus statement: Tackling the smoking epidemic-practical guidance for primary care" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:15 [ 0 => "O.C. Van Schayck" 1 => "H. Pinnock" 2 => "A. Ostrem" 3 => "J. Litt" 4 => "R. Tomlins" 5 => "S. Williams" 6 => "J. Buffels" 7 => "D. Giannopoulos" 8 => "S. Henrichsen" 9 => "J. Kaper" 10 => "O. Korzh" 11 => "A.M. Rodriguez" 12 => "S. Kawaldip" 13 => "N. Zwar" 14 => "H. Yaman" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.3132/pcrj.2008.00060" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Primary Care Respiratory Journal" "fecha" => "2008" "volumen" => "17" "numero" => "3" "paginaInicial" => "185" "paginaFinal" => "193" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18769845" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 17 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib18" "etiqueta" => "18." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Managing smoking cessation" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "P. Aveyard" 1 => "R. West" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1136/bmj.39252.591806.47" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "BMJ" "fecha" => "2007" "volumen" => "335" "paginaInicial" => "37" "paginaFinal" => "41" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17615224" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 18 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib19" "etiqueta" => "19." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "C. Silagy" 1 => "T. Lancaster" 2 => "L. Stead" 3 => "D. Mant" 4 => "G. Fowler" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:4 [ "tituloSerie" => "Cochrane Database Syst Rev" "fecha" => "2004" "numero" => "3" "paginaInicial" => "CD000146" ] ] ] ] ] ] 19 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib20" "etiqueta" => "20." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Which drug to be used in smoking cessation?" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "P. Tonnesen" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Pol Arch Med Wewn" "fecha" => "2008" "volumen" => "118" "numero" => "6" "paginaInicial" => "373" "paginaFinal" => "376" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18619194" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 20 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib21" "etiqueta" => "21." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Smoking Cessation" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "S.P. Marlow" 1 => "J.K. Stroller" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Respir Care" "fecha" => "2003" "volumen" => "48" "numero" => "12" "paginaInicial" => "1238" "paginaFinal" => "1254" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14651764" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "url" => "/21735115/0000001500000002/v1_201305151507/S2173511509701046/v1_201305151507/en/main.assets" "Apartado" => array:4 [ "identificador" => "9552" "tipo" => "SECCION" "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Original Article/Artigo Original" "idiomaDefecto" => true ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" ] "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/21735115/0000001500000002/v1_201305151507/S2173511509701046/v1_201305151507/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004E&text.app=https://journalpulmonology.org/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173511509701046?idApp=UINPBA00004E" ]
| Year/Month | Html | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 November | 3 | 2 | 5 |
| 2024 October | 26 | 30 | 56 |
| 2024 September | 28 | 23 | 51 |
| 2024 August | 38 | 36 | 74 |
| 2024 July | 23 | 33 | 56 |
| 2024 June | 17 | 32 | 49 |
| 2024 May | 25 | 30 | 55 |
| 2024 April | 17 | 26 | 43 |
| 2024 March | 13 | 21 | 34 |
| 2024 February | 26 | 23 | 49 |
| 2024 January | 16 | 23 | 39 |
| 2023 December | 12 | 21 | 33 |
| 2023 November | 16 | 29 | 45 |
| 2023 October | 14 | 32 | 46 |
| 2023 September | 15 | 29 | 44 |
| 2023 August | 16 | 24 | 40 |
| 2023 July | 16 | 26 | 42 |
| 2023 June | 14 | 11 | 25 |
| 2023 May | 23 | 22 | 45 |
| 2023 April | 6 | 6 | 12 |
Show all
