Teste tuberculínico. Como optimizar?

array:24 ["pii" => "S2173511509701101" "issn" => "21735115" "doi" => "10.1016/S2173-5115(09)70110-1" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2009-03-01" "aid" => "70110" "copyright" => "Sociedade Portuguesa de Pneumologia" "copyrightAnyo" => "2009" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 0 "licencia" => "http://www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/" "subdocumento" => "rev" "cita" => "Rev Port Pneumol. 2009;15:295-304" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 3166 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 231 "HTML" => 1689 "PDF" => 1246 ] ] "itemSiguiente" => array:19 [ "pii" => "S2173511509701113" "issn" => "21735115" "doi" => "10.1016/S2173-5115(09)70111-3" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2009-03-01" "aid" => "70111" "copyright" => "Sociedade Portuguesa de Pneumologia" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 0 "licencia" => "http://www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/" "subdocumento" => "cor" "cita" => "Rev Port Pneumol. 2009;15:305-12" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 3428 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 231 "HTML" => 1777 "PDF" => 1420 ] ] "pt" => array:10 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "titulo" => "Exacerbação aguda da fibrose pulmonar idiopática" "tienePdf" => "pt" "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0 "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "pt" 1 => "en" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "305" "paginaFinal" => "312" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "en" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "pt" => true "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "pt" => true ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Natália Melo, Carla Damas, Conceição Souto Moura, António Morais, Venceslau Hespanhol, Fátima Carneiro" "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Natália" "apellidos" => "Melo" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Carla" "apellidos" => "Damas" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Conceição" "apellidos" => "Souto Moura" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "António" "apellidos" => "Morais" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Venceslau" "apellidos" => "Hespanhol" ] 5 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Fátima" "apellidos" => "Carneiro" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "pt" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173511509701113?idApp=UINPBA00004E" "url" => "/21735115/0000001500000002/v1_201305151507/S2173511509701113/v1_201305151507/pt/main.assets" ] "itemAnterior" => array:19 [ "pii" => "S2173511509701095" "issn" => "21735115" "doi" => "10.1016/S2173-5115(09)70109-5" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2009-03-01" "aid" => "70109" "copyright" => "Sociedade Portuguesa de Pneumologia" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 0 "licencia" => "http://www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/" "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Rev Port Pneumol. 2009;15:261-93" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 2955 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 231 "HTML" => 1555 "PDF" => 1169 ] ] "en" => array:11 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "Prémio Robalo Cordeiro Aer/Gsk 2008" "titulo" => "Nanoradioliposomes molecularly modulated to study the lung deep lymphatic drainage" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0 "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "en" 1 => "pt" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "261" "paginaFinal" => "293" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "pt" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Nanorradiolipossomas modulados molecularmente para estudar a drenagem linfática pulmonar profunda" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "en" => true "pt" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Maria Filomena Rabaça Roque Botelho, Maria Alcide Tavares Marques, Célia Maria Freitas Gomes, Augusto Marques Ferreira da Silva, Vasco António Andrade Figueiredo Bairos, Manuel Amaro de Matos Santos Rosa, Antero Pena Abrunhosa, João José Pedroso de Lima" "autores" => array:8 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Maria Filomena" "apellidos" => "Rabaça Roque Botelho" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Maria Alcide" "apellidos" => "Tavares Marques" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Célia Maria" "apellidos" => "Freitas Gomes" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Augusto Marques" "apellidos" => "Ferreira da Silva" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Vasco António" "apellidos" => "Andrade Figueiredo Bairos" ] 5 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Manuel Amaro" "apellidos" => "de Matos Santos Rosa" ] 6 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Antero" "apellidos" => "Pena Abrunhosa" ] 7 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "João José" "apellidos" => "Pedroso de Lima" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173511509701095?idApp=UINPBA00004E" "url" => "/21735115/0000001500000002/v1_201305151507/S2173511509701095/v1_201305151507/en/main.assets" ] "pt" => array:14 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "titulo" => "Teste tuberculínico. Como optimizar?" "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0 "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "295" "paginaFinal" => "304" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "autoresLista" => "Raquel Duarte" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Raquel" "apellidos" => "Duarte" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "1" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Assistente Hospitalar de Pneumologia" "etiqueta" => "1" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "en" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Tuberculin skin test. How to optimise?" ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2008-09-29" "fechaAceptado" => "2008-11-10" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "pt" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palavras-chave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec160005" "palabras" => array:3 [ 0 => "Tuberculose" 1 => "teste tuberculínico" 2 => "Mantoux" ] ] ] "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Key-words" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec160004" "palabras" => array:3 [ 0 => "Tuberculosis" 1 => "tuberculin skin test" 2 => "Mantoux" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "pt" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Resumo" "resumen" => "Os testes utilizados no diagnóstico de infecção latente pelo Mycobacterium tuberculosis, o teste tuberculínico e o doseamento do interferão gama (IGRA) identificam a existência de uma resposta imunológica adaptativa de memória contra os antigénios micobacterianos. Considerando as limitações dos dois testes, a melhor solução passa por tirar proveito das melhores características de cada um. A maior parte dos autores concorda com a utilização dos dois testes, utilizando os IGRA sobretudo na confirmação da positividade do teste tuberculínico (tirando proveito da sua maior especificidade).As características operativas do teste tuberculínico dependem da prevalência da doença na comunidade e dos objectivos da sua realização (as suas características são superiores quando utilizada no âmbito de rastreio ou como teste diagnóstico). Para interpretar correctamente um teste tuberculínico, o clínico deve conhecer a epidemiologia da tuberculose na comunidade e definir correctamente as indicações para a sua realização." ] "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "The tests used in the diagnosis of tuberculosis latent infection, the tuberculin skin test (TST) and the interferon-gamma assays (IGRA), identify the existence of an adaptive immune response towards mycobacterial antigens. Considering the limitations of the two tests, the best solution is to take advantage of the best characteristics of each one. Most of the authors agree to the use of the two tests, using the IGRAS in the confirmation of a positive TST (because of its higher specificity). The operative characteristics of TST depend on the prevalence of the illness in the community and the aim of its use (its operative characteristics are higher when used in the tracing scope or as a diagnostic test). To interpret correctly a TST, the physician must know the epidemiology of tuberculosis in the community and correctly define the indications for its use." ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Bibliografia" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:34 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1" "etiqueta" => "1." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Story of the tuberculin test" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "P. Edwards" 1 => "L. Edwards" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Am Rev of Resp Dis" "fecha" => "1960" "volumen" => "81" "paginaInicial" => "1" "paginaFinal" => "49" ] ] ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib2" "etiqueta" => "2." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Targeted tuberculin testing and treatment of latent tuberculosis infection" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "colaboracion" => "ATS/CDCP (American Thoracic Society/Center for Dis Control and Prevention)" "etal" => false ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1164/ajrccm.161.supplement_3.ats600" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Am J Respir Crit Care Med" "fecha" => "2000" "volumen" => "161" "paginaInicial" => "S221" "paginaFinal" => "S247" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10764341" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib3" "etiqueta" => "3." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The tuberculin skin test" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "J. Bass" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1164/ajrccm/142.1.24" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Am Rev Resp Dis" "fecha" => "1990" "volumen" => "142" "paginaInicial" => "24" "paginaFinal" => "28" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2368973" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib4" "etiqueta" => "4." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The tuberculin test" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "J. Bass" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "LibroEditado" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Tuberculosis: a comprehensive international approach." "serieFecha" => "1993" ] ] ] ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib5" "etiqueta" => "5." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "Berkel GM, Cobelens FG, et al. Tuberculin skin test: Estimation of positive and negative predictive values from routine data. Int J Lung Dis 9 (3):310-316.CDC." ] ] ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib6" "etiqueta" => "6." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2000. Disponível em <a class="elsevierStyleInterRef" href="http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr">http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr</a>." ] ] ] 6 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib7" "etiqueta" => "7." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Evaluation of investigations conducted to detect and prevent transmission of tuberculosis" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:8 [ 0 => "M.R. Reichler" 1 => "R. Reves" 2 => "S. Bur" 3 => "V. Thompson" 4 => "B.T. Mangura" 5 => "J. Ford" 6 => "S.E. Valway" 7 => "I.M. Onorato" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "JAMA" "fecha" => "2002" "volumen" => "287" "numero" => "8" "paginaInicial" => "991" "paginaFinal" => "995" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11866646" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 7 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib8" "etiqueta" => "8." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Joint Tuberculosis Committee of the British Thoracic Society" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "colaboracion" => "Control, prevention of tuberculosis in the United Kingdom: code of practice 2000" "etal" => false ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Thorax" "fecha" => "2000" "volumen" => "55" "numero" => "11" "paginaInicial" => "887" "paginaFinal" => "901" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11050256" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 8 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib9" "etiqueta" => "9." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "Efficacy of various durations of isoniazid preventive therapy for tuberculosis: five years of follow-up in the IUAT trial. International Union Against Tuberculosis Committee on Prophylaxis. Bull World Health Organ 1982: 60(4): 555-564." ] ] ] 9 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib10" "etiqueta" => "10." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "Woldehanna S, Volmink J. Treatment of latent tuberculosis infection in HIV infected persons. The Cochrane Database System Rev 2005 (4). Disponível em <a class="elsevierStyleInterRef" href="http://www.cochrane/clsysrev">http://www.cochrane/clsysrev</a>." ] ] ] 10 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib11" "etiqueta" => "11." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "Mazurek G, Villarino M, et al. Guidelines for using the quantiferon-TB Test for diagnosing latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Recommendations and Reports. MMWR 2003; 52 (No. RR-2):15-19. Disponível em <a class="elsevierStyleInterRef" href="http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr">http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr</a>." ] ] ] 11 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib12" "etiqueta" => "12." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Interferon gamma assays in the immunodiagnosis of tuberculosis: a systematic review" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "M. Pai" 1 => "L. Riley" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Lancet" "fecha" => "2004" "volumen" => "4" "paginaInicial" => "761" "paginaFinal" => "775" ] ] ] ] ] ] 12 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib13" "etiqueta" => "13." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Guidelines for the diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection for the 21st century" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "L. Reichman" 1 => "K. Lambregts" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Libro" => array:2 [ "fecha" => "2004" "editorial" => "New Jersey Medical Scholl. National tuberculosis Center" ] ] ] ] ] ] 13 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib14" "etiqueta" => "14." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Diagnosing latent tuberculosis infection. Turning glitter to gold" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "P. Barnes" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1164/rccm.2404004" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Am J Respir Crit Care Med" "fecha" => "2004" "volumen" => "170" "paginaInicial" => "5" "paginaFinal" => "6" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15220119" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 14 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib15" "etiqueta" => "15." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Comparison of T-cell-based assay with tuberculin skin test for diagnosis of Mycobacterium infection in a school tuberculosis outbreak" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "K. Ewer" 1 => "J. Deeks" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/S0140-6736(03)12950-9" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Lancet" "fecha" => "2005" "volumen" => "361" "paginaInicial" => "1168" "paginaFinal" => "1173" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12686038" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 15 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib16" "etiqueta" => "16." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in health care workers in rural India: comparison of a whole-blood interferon gamma assay with tuberculin skin testing" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "P. Gokhale" 1 => "J. Dogra" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1001/jama.293.22.2746" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "JAMA" "fecha" => "2005" "volumen" => "293" "numero" => "22" "paginaInicial" => "2746" "paginaFinal" => "2747" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15941804" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 16 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib17" "etiqueta" => "17." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Discrepancy between the tuberculin skin test and the whole-blood interferon gamma assay for the diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection in an intermediate tuberculosis-burden country" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "Y.A. Kang" 1 => "H. Lee" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1001/jama.293.22.2785" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "JAMA" "fecha" => "2005" "volumen" => "293" "numero" => "22" "paginaInicial" => "2785" "paginaFinal" => "2787" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15941809" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 17 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib18" "etiqueta" => "18." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in health care workers in rural India. Comparison of a whole blood interferon gamma assay with tuberculin skin testing" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "M. Pai" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1001/jama.293.22.2746" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "JAMA" "fecha" => "2005" "volumen" => "293" "numero" => "22" "paginaInicial" => "2746" "paginaFinal" => "2755" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15941804" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 18 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib19" "etiqueta" => "19." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Interferon assays for tuberculosis. Is anergy the Achiles’heel?" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "M. Pai" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1164/rccm.2506003" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Am J Resp Crit Care Med" "fecha" => "2005" "volumen" => "172" "paginaInicial" => "519" "paginaFinal" => "520" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16120714" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 19 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib20" "etiqueta" => "20." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "Ridzon R. Optimal latent TB control methods. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 9 (3):236." ] ] ] 20 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib21" "etiqueta" => "21." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "T cell-based diagnosis of childhood tuberculosis infection" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "A. Lalvani" 1 => "K.A. Millington" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1097/QCO.0b013e32813e3fd8" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Curr Opin Infect Dis" "fecha" => "2007" "volumen" => "20" "numero" => "3" "paginaInicial" => "264" "paginaFinal" => "271" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17471036" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 21 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib22" "etiqueta" => "22." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "Magnusson M and Bentzon MW. Preparation of purified tuberculin RT-23. Bull WHO 1958; 19:829–43." ] ] ] 22 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib23" "etiqueta" => "23." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "World Health Organization. The WHO standard tuberculin test. WHO/TB/Technical Guide/3.22 February 1963." ] ] ] 23 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib24" "etiqueta" => "24." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Practical problems of tuberculin test" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "P.D.O. Davies" 1 => "A.G. Leitch" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "LibroEditado" => array:4 [ "titulo" => "Clinical Tuberculosis" "paginaInicial" => "345" "paginaFinal" => "349" "serieFecha" => "1944" ] ] ] ] ] ] 24 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib25" "etiqueta" => "25." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Guidelines for conducting tuberculin skin test surveys in high prevalence countries" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "T. Arnadottir" 1 => "H.L. Rieder" 2 => "A. Trebucq" 3 => "H.T. Waller" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Tubercle Lung Dis" "fecha" => "1996" "volumen" => "77" "numero" => "Suppl" "paginaInicial" => "1" "paginaFinal" => "20" ] ] ] ] ] ] 25 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib26" "etiqueta" => "26." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Interpretation of the tuberculin skin test" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "D.N. Rose" 1 => "C.B. Schechter" 2 => "J.J. Adler" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Gen Intern Med" "fecha" => "1995" "volumen" => "10" "numero" => "11" "paginaInicial" => "635" "paginaFinal" => "642" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8583267" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 26 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib27" "etiqueta" => "27." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Diagnostic utility of BCG test in children" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "R.K. Kapoor" 1 => "I. Wakhlu" 2 => "P.K. Gupta" 3 => "P.N. Saksena" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Indian Medical Ass" "fecha" => "1982" "volumen" => "78" "paginaInicial" => "177" "paginaFinal" => "180" ] ] ] ] ] ] 27 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib28" "etiqueta" => "28." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Diagnostic value of BCG test in childhood tuberculosis" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "N.R. Bhandari" 1 => "S.S. Bhambal" 2 => "V. Beohar" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Indian Pediatrics" "fecha" => "1984" "volumen" => "21" "paginaInicial" => "555" "paginaFinal" => "559" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6519783" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 28 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib29" "etiqueta" => "29." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The prognosis of a positive tuberculin reaction in childhood and adolescence" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "G.W. Comstock" 1 => "V.T. Livesay" 2 => "S.F. Woolpert" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Am J Epidemiol" "fecha" => "1974" "volumen" => "99" "numero" => "2" "paginaInicial" => "131" "paginaFinal" => "138" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4810628" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 29 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib30" "etiqueta" => "30." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "incubation period, and serial interval of tuberculosis" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "E. Vynnycky" 1 => "P.E. Fine" 2 => "Lifetime risks" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Am J Epidemiol" "fecha" => "2000" "volumen" => "152" "numero" => "3" "paginaInicial" => "247" "paginaFinal" => "263" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10933272" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 30 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib31" "etiqueta" => "31." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "A prospective study of the risk of tuberculosis among intravenous drug users with human immunodeficiency virus infection" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:8 [ 0 => "P.A. Selwyn" 1 => "D. Hartel" 2 => "V.A. Lewis" 3 => "E.E. Schoenbaum" 4 => "S.H. Vermund" 5 => "R.S. Klein" 6 => "A.T. Walker" 7 => "G.H. Friedland" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1056/NEJM198903023200901" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "N Engl J Med" "fecha" => "1989" "volumen" => "320" "numero" => "9" "paginaInicial" => "545" "paginaFinal" => "550" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2915665" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 31 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib32" "etiqueta" => "32." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "A prospective study of the risk of tuberculosis among HIV-infected patients" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:10 [ 0 => "A. Guelar" 1 => "J.M. Gatell" 2 => "J. Verdejo" 3 => "D. Podzamczer" 4 => "L. Lozano" 5 => "E. Aznar" 6 => "J.M. Miro" 7 => "J. Mallolas" 8 => "L. Zamora" 9 => "J. Gonzalez" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Aids" "fecha" => "1993" "volumen" => "7" "numero" => "10" "paginaInicial" => "1345" "paginaFinal" => "1349" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8267907" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 32 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib33" "etiqueta" => "33." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Risk factors for tuberculosis in HIV-infected persons. A prospective cohort study The Gruppo Italiano di Studio Tubercolosi e AIDS (GISTA)" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "G. Antonucci" 1 => "E. Girardi" 2 => "M.C. Raviglione" 3 => "G. Ippolito" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "JAMA" "fecha" => "1995" "volumen" => "274" "numero" => "2" "paginaInicial" => "143" "paginaFinal" => "148" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7596002" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 33 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib34" "etiqueta" => "34." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "Programa Nacional de Luta Contra a Tuberculose – Sistema de Vigilância (SVIG-TB). Ponto da situação epidemiológica e indicadores de desempenho. Ano 2006 Direcção-Geral de Saúde. Divisão de Doenças Transmissíveis." ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "pt" "url" => "/21735115/0000001500000002/v1_201305151507/S2173511509701101/v1_201305151507/pt/main.assets" "Apartado" => array:4 [ "identificador" => "9551" "tipo" => "SECCION" "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Review Article/Artigo de Revisão" "idiomaDefecto" => true ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" ] "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/21735115/0000001500000002/v1_201305151507/S2173511509701101/v1_201305151507/pt/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004E&text.app=https://journalpulmonology.org/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173511509701101?idApp=UINPBA00004E"]