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        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Introduction</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The respiratory system changes with age and understanding these changes helps detect and prevent respiratory dysfunctions in the elderly&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Aims</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">This study compares the respiratory pattern in healthy non-smoker adults and the elderly&#44; using lung function testing and expansion of the chest to confirm the effects of aging on lung function&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Methodology</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">We used lung function testing to measure forced vital capacity&#44; forced expiratory volume in one second&#44; peak expiratory flow rate and maximum voluntary ventilation&#46; We also measured expansion of the chest&#46; Measurements were taken with subjects resting in the dorsal recumbent position with upper body elevated to 45&#176;&#46; Statistical analysis consisted of the Student T test for independent samples&#44; the non-parametric Mann-Whitney test with a <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05 level&#44; and linear regression analysis&#44; also with a <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05 level&#44; to assess correlation between variables studied and age&#46;</p><p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Our population consisted of 35 elderly subjects and 35 adults&#46; 15 of the elderly subjects were male &#40;43&#37;&#41; and 20 female &#40;57&#37;&#41;&#46; 16 of the adult group were male &#40;46&#37;&#41; and 19 female &#40;54&#37;&#41;&#46; The sample was mapped in terms of age&#44; weight&#44; height&#44; abdominal girth and clinical data&#44; to exclude factors which could distort the results&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The difference between the two study groups attained statistical significance for all parameters measured&#46; The linear relationship was also significant between age and all parameters and a negative and significant correlation was seen&#46; Expansion of the chest in females was the parameter most inversely correlated with age &#40;60&#46;37&#37;&#41;&#46; The lung function testing variable with the greatest difference between the groups was peak expiratory flow rate &#40;35&#46;77&#37; in females and 36&#46;17&#37; in males&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Our results show differences in the respiratory patterns of healthy adults and the elderly&#44; suggesting that age impacts on lung function&#46; Both male and female elderly subjects had lower lung function testing scores than the adult subjects&#44; with this difference more marked in females&#46;</p>"
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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Introdu&#231;&#227;o</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">O sistema respirat&#243;rio sofre altera&#231;&#245;es inerentes ao envelhecimento e o conhecimento dessas modifica&#231;&#245;es contribui para a detec&#231;&#227;o e preven&#231;&#227;o de disfun&#231;&#245;es respirat&#243;rias em idosos&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objectivo</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">O objectivo deste estudo foi comparar o padr&#227;o respirat&#243;rio entre adultos e idosos saud&#225;veis&#44; n&#227;o fumadores&#44; confrontando os valores espirom&#233;tricos e de expansibilidade tor&#225;cica&#44; de forma a confirmar a ac&#231;&#227;o do envelhecimento na fun&#231;&#227;o pulmonar&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Metodologia</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A espirometria foi utilizada para medir as vari&#225;veis capacidade vital for&#231;ada&#44; volume expirat&#243;rio m&#225;ximo ao primeiro segundo&#44; d&#233;bitos expirat&#243;rios m&#225;ximos e ventila&#231;&#227;o m&#225;xima volunt&#225;ria&#46; A cirtometria foi utilizada para medir a expansibilidade tor&#225;cica&#46; As medidas foram registadas em repouso&#44; com os sujeitos posicionados em dec&#250;bito dorsal a 45&#176; de inclina&#231;&#227;o do tronco&#46; A an&#225;lise estat&#237;stica aplicada foi o teste t de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Student</span> para amostras independentes e o teste n&#227;o param&#233;trico Mann-Whitney considerando significativo <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;05&#46; Com o mesmo n&#237;vel de signific&#226;ncia&#44; foi aplicada a an&#225;lise de regress&#227;o linear e determinada a correla&#231;&#227;o entre as vari&#225;veis em estudo e a idade&#46; Estudaram-se 35 idosos e 35 jovens&#47;adultos&#46; Dos primeiros&#44; 15 eram homens &#40;43&#37;&#41; e 20 mulheres &#40;57&#37;&#41;&#44; constando 16 homens &#40;46&#37;&#41; e 19 mulheres &#40;54&#37;&#41; no grupo dos jovens adultos&#46; Foram recolhidas caracter&#237;sticas da amostra&#44; como idade&#44; peso&#44; altura&#44; per&#237;metro abdominal&#44; bem como dados cl&#237;nicos&#44; para excluir factores de enviesamento dos resultados&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Para os homens e mulheres estudados&#44; a diferen&#231;a entre os dois grupos foi estatisticamente significativa&#44; para todas as medidas avaliadas&#46; A rela&#231;&#227;o linear foi&#44; tamb&#233;m&#44; significativa entre a idade e todos os par&#226;metros e observou-se correla&#231;&#227;o negativa e significativa&#46; A expansibilidade tor&#225;cica no g&#233;nero feminino revelou ser a medida mais inversamente correlacionada com a idade &#40;60&#44;37&#37;&#41;&#46; A vari&#225;vel espirom&#233;trica com maior diferen&#231;a entre os grupos foi o d&#233;bito expirat&#243;rio m&#225;ximo instant&#226;neo &#40;35&#44;77&#37; no g&#233;nero feminino e 36&#44;17&#37; no g&#233;nero masculino&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclus&#245;es</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Os resultados mostraram que houve diferen&#231;as do padr&#227;o respirat&#243;rio entre jovens adultos e idosos saud&#225;veis&#44; sugerindo que a fun&#231;&#227;o pulmonar &#233; influenciada pelo envelhecimento cronol&#243;gico&#46; Em ambos os g&#233;neros&#44; os indiv&#237;duos idosos apresentaram valores espirom&#233;tricos mais baixos do que os indiv&#237;duos adultos&#44; sendo esta diferen&#231;a maior no g&#233;nero feminino&#46;</p>"
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Effects of aging on lung function. A comparison of lung function in healthy adults and the elderly
Efeito do envelhecimento cronológico na função pulmonar. Comparação da função respiratória entre adultos e idosos saudáveis
Susana Ruivo1, Paulo Viana2, Cristiana Martins3, Cristina Baeta4
1 Autora do projecto, ex-aluna de Cardiopneumologia na ESTSP (Escola Superior de Tecnologia de Saúde do Porto). Cardiopneumologista no Hospital de Santo António, Centro Hospitalar do Porto/Author, alum, Cardiopulmonology, ESTSP (Escola Superior de Tecnologia de Saúde do Porto), Cardiopulmonologist
2 Orientador do projecto, professor do curso de Cardiopneumologia na ESTSP e cardiopneumologista no Hospital de São João/Supervisor, Professor, Cardiopulmonology, ESTSP, Cardiopulmonologist, Hospital de São João, Porto
3 Arguente do projecto, professora do curso de Cardiopneumologia na ESTSP e cardiopneumologista no Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia, Espinho/Examiner, Professor, Cardiopulmonology, ESTSP, Cardiopulmonologist, Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia, Espinho
4 Regente da disciplina de Projecto (no âmbito da qual foi feito este projecto) e coordenadora do curso de Cardiopneumologia da ESTSP/Head of project subject area, coordinator, Cardiopulmonology, ESTSP
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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Introduction</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The respiratory system changes with age and understanding these changes helps detect and prevent respiratory dysfunctions in the elderly&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Aims</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">This study compares the respiratory pattern in healthy non-smoker adults and the elderly&#44; using lung function testing and expansion of the chest to confirm the effects of aging on lung function&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Methodology</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">We used lung function testing to measure forced vital capacity&#44; forced expiratory volume in one second&#44; peak expiratory flow rate and maximum voluntary ventilation&#46; We also measured expansion of the chest&#46; Measurements were taken with subjects resting in the dorsal recumbent position with upper body elevated to 45&#176;&#46; Statistical analysis consisted of the Student T test for independent samples&#44; the non-parametric Mann-Whitney test with a <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05 level&#44; and linear regression analysis&#44; also with a <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05 level&#44; to assess correlation between variables studied and age&#46;</p><p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Our population consisted of 35 elderly subjects and 35 adults&#46; 15 of the elderly subjects were male &#40;43&#37;&#41; and 20 female &#40;57&#37;&#41;&#46; 16 of the adult group were male &#40;46&#37;&#41; and 19 female &#40;54&#37;&#41;&#46; The sample was mapped in terms of age&#44; weight&#44; height&#44; abdominal girth and clinical data&#44; to exclude factors which could distort the results&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The difference between the two study groups attained statistical significance for all parameters measured&#46; The linear relationship was also significant between age and all parameters and a negative and significant correlation was seen&#46; Expansion of the chest in females was the parameter most inversely correlated with age &#40;60&#46;37&#37;&#41;&#46; The lung function testing variable with the greatest difference between the groups was peak expiratory flow rate &#40;35&#46;77&#37; in females and 36&#46;17&#37; in males&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Our results show differences in the respiratory patterns of healthy adults and the elderly&#44; suggesting that age impacts on lung function&#46; Both male and female elderly subjects had lower lung function testing scores than the adult subjects&#44; with this difference more marked in females&#46;</p>"
      ]
      "pt" => array:2 [
        "titulo" => "Resumo"
        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Introdu&#231;&#227;o</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">O sistema respirat&#243;rio sofre altera&#231;&#245;es inerentes ao envelhecimento e o conhecimento dessas modifica&#231;&#245;es contribui para a detec&#231;&#227;o e preven&#231;&#227;o de disfun&#231;&#245;es respirat&#243;rias em idosos&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objectivo</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">O objectivo deste estudo foi comparar o padr&#227;o respirat&#243;rio entre adultos e idosos saud&#225;veis&#44; n&#227;o fumadores&#44; confrontando os valores espirom&#233;tricos e de expansibilidade tor&#225;cica&#44; de forma a confirmar a ac&#231;&#227;o do envelhecimento na fun&#231;&#227;o pulmonar&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Metodologia</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A espirometria foi utilizada para medir as vari&#225;veis capacidade vital for&#231;ada&#44; volume expirat&#243;rio m&#225;ximo ao primeiro segundo&#44; d&#233;bitos expirat&#243;rios m&#225;ximos e ventila&#231;&#227;o m&#225;xima volunt&#225;ria&#46; A cirtometria foi utilizada para medir a expansibilidade tor&#225;cica&#46; As medidas foram registadas em repouso&#44; com os sujeitos posicionados em dec&#250;bito dorsal a 45&#176; de inclina&#231;&#227;o do tronco&#46; A an&#225;lise estat&#237;stica aplicada foi o teste t de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Student</span> para amostras independentes e o teste n&#227;o param&#233;trico Mann-Whitney considerando significativo <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;05&#46; Com o mesmo n&#237;vel de signific&#226;ncia&#44; foi aplicada a an&#225;lise de regress&#227;o linear e determinada a correla&#231;&#227;o entre as vari&#225;veis em estudo e a idade&#46; Estudaram-se 35 idosos e 35 jovens&#47;adultos&#46; Dos primeiros&#44; 15 eram homens &#40;43&#37;&#41; e 20 mulheres &#40;57&#37;&#41;&#44; constando 16 homens &#40;46&#37;&#41; e 19 mulheres &#40;54&#37;&#41; no grupo dos jovens adultos&#46; Foram recolhidas caracter&#237;sticas da amostra&#44; como idade&#44; peso&#44; altura&#44; per&#237;metro abdominal&#44; bem como dados cl&#237;nicos&#44; para excluir factores de enviesamento dos resultados&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Para os homens e mulheres estudados&#44; a diferen&#231;a entre os dois grupos foi estatisticamente significativa&#44; para todas as medidas avaliadas&#46; A rela&#231;&#227;o linear foi&#44; tamb&#233;m&#44; significativa entre a idade e todos os par&#226;metros e observou-se correla&#231;&#227;o negativa e significativa&#46; A expansibilidade tor&#225;cica no g&#233;nero feminino revelou ser a medida mais inversamente correlacionada com a idade &#40;60&#44;37&#37;&#41;&#46; A vari&#225;vel espirom&#233;trica com maior diferen&#231;a entre os grupos foi o d&#233;bito expirat&#243;rio m&#225;ximo instant&#226;neo &#40;35&#44;77&#37; no g&#233;nero feminino e 36&#44;17&#37; no g&#233;nero masculino&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclus&#245;es</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Os resultados mostraram que houve diferen&#231;as do padr&#227;o respirat&#243;rio entre jovens adultos e idosos saud&#225;veis&#44; sugerindo que a fun&#231;&#227;o pulmonar &#233; influenciada pelo envelhecimento cronol&#243;gico&#46; Em ambos os g&#233;neros&#44; os indiv&#237;duos idosos apresentaram valores espirom&#233;tricos mais baixos do que os indiv&#237;duos adultos&#44; sendo esta diferen&#231;a maior no g&#233;nero feminino&#46;</p>"
      ]
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Pulmonology

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