Tumor carcinóide do timo – Caso clínico
Thymic carcinoid – case report
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class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span>" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] ] ] 6 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Edgar" "apellidos" => "Vaz" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span>" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] ] ] 7 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Manuel" "apellidos" => "Antunes" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:3 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Anatomia Patológica" "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Cirurgia Cardiotorácica" "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 2 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Alunos da disciplina de Oncologia – 6.° ano – Medicina – Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Coimbra/<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">6th year Oncology medical students</span>" "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span>" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "en" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Thymic carcinoid – case report" ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2009-04-28" "fechaAceptado" => "2009-07-08" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "pt" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palavras-chave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec160633" "palabras" => array:3 [ 0 => "Timo" 1 => "carcinóide" 2 => "prognóstico" ] ] ] "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Key-words" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec160632" "palabras" => array:3 [ 0 => "Thymus" 1 => "carcinoid" 2 => "prognosis" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "pt" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Resumo" "resumen" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Os tumores neuroendócrinos primários representam cerca de 4% do total dos tumores do mediastino anterior, incluindo o timo, afectando mais homens que mulheres numa razão de 3:1 e apresentando uma maior incidência entre os 40 e os 60 anos. Antigamente classificados como timomas, desde 1972 são considerados um grupo distinto de neoplasias tímicas, podendo ser biologicamente activos, estando sobretudo associados à síndroma NEM-1 (19 a 25% dos doentes, sendo nestes casos mais agressivos).</p><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">São descritos como tendo grande progressão local, recorrência e metástases em elevada percentagem de casos, o que determina um mau prognóstico. O estadiamento é o parâmetro mais importante para determinar a sobrevida. Tumores detectados em fase precoce e capsulados associam-se a um excelente prognóstico, enquanto em estádios avançados, localmente invasivos, têm prognóstico relativamente pobre.</p><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A remoção cirúrgica completa, para todos os tumores tímicos, é a base da terapêutica e o factor crítico para a sobrevivência a longo prazo, independentemente do tipo histológico. São uma causa de morte importante, nomeadamente os tumores associados a NEM-1 e síndroma de Cushing, e há autores que defendem a realização de timectomia profiláctica nestes doentes.</p>" ] "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "<p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Primary neuroendocrine tumours (carcinoid tumours) account for about 4% of anterior mediastinal tumours concerning thymus localization. They appear to have a male predilection (3:1 ratio) and occur mostly between 40 and 60 years of age. Classified primarily as thymomas, they have been considered a different group of thymic neoplasia since 1972. They can be biologically active, mostly associated with MEN-1 (19–25% of patients and more aggressive in these cases).</p><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">As a locally invasive disease, with recurrence and metastasis in a high percentage of cases, it correlates with a poor prognosis. Staging is the most important determinant of survival. Encapsulated tumours diagnosed in early stages have an excellent prognosis, while locally invasive tumours in more advanced stages have a relatively poor prognosis as happens with thymomas.</p><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Complete surgical removal is the critical factor for long-term survival rates and the basis for treatment of all thymic tumours, independent of histologic type. As an important cause of death, especially in carcinoid tumours associated with MEN-1 and Cushing's syndrome, some authors advocate the need for profilactic thymectomy in these patients.</p>" ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Bibliografia" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:34 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1" "etiqueta" => "1." 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ISSN: 21735115Original language: Portuguese
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