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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Introduction</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Smoking is the main risk factor for COPD&#44; and it is estimated that 15&#8211;20&#37; of smokers will develop the pathology&#46; Characterising this risk population is an important step in improved diagnosis of COPD&#44; an increasing primary care challenge&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Aims</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To determine the percentage of smokers identified in patients aged 45&#8211;65 years old in a health centre&#44; and their characterisation&#59; to determine possible relationships between respiratory symptoms and abnormal obstruction of the small airways and the other variables studied&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Material and methods</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Observational&#44; analytical&#44; cross-sectional study carried out in a Portuguese health centre&#46; Population&#58; smokers aged 45&#8211;65 years old who filled in a questionnaire and underwent spirometry&#46; Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS v&#46;13&#46;0 &#40;level of significance 0&#46;05&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The sample was composed of 157 participants &#40;31&#37; &#9792; and 69&#37; &#9794;&#41;&#59; average age 53&#46;85 years&#59; average age at start of smoking 16&#46;64 years&#59; average tobacco consumption 37&#46;78 pack-years&#46; Respiratory symptoms were present in 68&#46;8&#37; of the individuals&#44; and were more frequent in men&#44; those who started smoking earlier and those with higher tobacco consumption &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#41;&#46; Thirty percent had abnormal obstruction of the small airways&#44; with this more frequent in older smokers and those with heavier tobacco consumption &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Discussion and conclusions</span><p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The underdiagnosis of smoking raises awareness of the importance of identifying this risk population and the need to implement preventative measures&#46; These&#44; in tandem with a better characterisation of this population&#44; may contribute to the improved diagnosis and management of COPD&#46;</p>"
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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Introdu&#231;&#227;o</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">O tabagismo &#233; o principal factor de risco da DPOC&#44; estimando-se que 15&#8211;20&#37; dos fumadores a desenvolvam&#46; A caracteriza&#231;&#227;o desta popula&#231;&#227;o de risco &#233; um importante passo na melhoria do diagn&#243;stico de DPOC&#44; que &#233; cada vez mais um desafio nos cuidados prim&#225;rios&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objectivos</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Determinar a percentagem de fumadores identificados numa USF na popula&#231;&#227;o de utentes entre 45&#8211;65 anos e sua caracteriza&#231;&#227;o&#59; determinar poss&#237;veis rela&#231;&#245;es entre a presen&#231;a de sintomatologia respirat&#243;ria e as restantes vari&#225;veis&#59; e entre a presen&#231;a de altera&#231;&#245;es obstrutivas das pequenas vias a&#233;reas e as restantes vari&#225;veis&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Material e m&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudo observacional&#44; anal&#237;tico&#44; transversal&#44; numa unidade de sa&#250;de familiar &#40;USF&#41; portuguesa&#46; Popula&#231;&#227;o&#58; utentes fumadores entre os 45&#8211;65 anos&#44; submetidos &#224; aplica&#231;&#227;o de um question&#225;rio e realiza&#231;&#227;o de espirometria&#46; A an&#225;lise estat&#237;stica foi realizada em SPSS v&#46;13&#46;0 &#40;n&#237;vel de signific&#226;ncia de 0&#44;05&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A amostra foi constitu&#237;da por 157 indiv&#237;duos &#40;31&#37; &#9792; e 69&#37; &#9794;&#41;&#59; idade m&#233;dia de 53&#44;85 anos&#59; idade m&#233;dia de in&#237;cio de tabagismo de 16&#44;64 anos&#59; carga tab&#225;gica m&#233;dia de 37&#44;78 UMA&#46; Sintomatologia respirat&#243;ria esteve presente em 68&#44;8&#37; dos indiv&#237;duos&#44; sendo mais frequente nos homens&#44; com inicia&#231;&#227;o tab&#225;gica mais precoce e maior carga tab&#225;gica &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;05&#41;&#46; Altera&#231;&#245;es obstrutivas das pequenas vias a&#233;reas estavam presentes em 30&#37;&#44; sendo mais frequentes nos mais velhos e com maior carga tab&#225;gica &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;05&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Discuss&#227;o e conclus&#245;es</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">O subdiagn&#243;stico do tabagismo &#233; alarmante&#44; alertando para a import&#226;ncia da identifica&#231;&#227;o da popula&#231;&#227;o de risco e implementa&#231;&#227;o de medidas preventivas direccionadas &#8211; que associadas &#224; melhor caracteriza&#231;&#227;o desta popula&#231;&#227;o poder&#227;o contribuir para uma melhoria no diagn&#243;stico e abordagem da DPOC&#46;</p>"
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Characterisation of a population at increased risk of COPD
Caracterização de uma população com risco acrescido de DPOC
Sandra Soares1,3, Isabel Costa1,3, Ana Luísa Neves1,3, Luciana Couto2,3
1 Internato Médico de Medicina Geral e Familiar/Resident, General Practice
2 Assistente Graduada de Medicina Geral e Familiar/Consultantant, Specialist, General Practice
3 Unidade de Saúde Familiar Camélias, Centro de Saúde de Soares dos Reis/Oliveira do Douro, Unidade de Soares dos Reis, Coordenador: Dr. José Varandas Rua João de Deus, 98 / 106 – Mafamude, 4410-182 Vila Nova de Gaia
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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Introduction</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Smoking is the main risk factor for COPD&#44; and it is estimated that 15&#8211;20&#37; of smokers will develop the pathology&#46; Characterising this risk population is an important step in improved diagnosis of COPD&#44; an increasing primary care challenge&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Aims</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To determine the percentage of smokers identified in patients aged 45&#8211;65 years old in a health centre&#44; and their characterisation&#59; to determine possible relationships between respiratory symptoms and abnormal obstruction of the small airways and the other variables studied&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Material and methods</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Observational&#44; analytical&#44; cross-sectional study carried out in a Portuguese health centre&#46; Population&#58; smokers aged 45&#8211;65 years old who filled in a questionnaire and underwent spirometry&#46; Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS v&#46;13&#46;0 &#40;level of significance 0&#46;05&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The sample was composed of 157 participants &#40;31&#37; &#9792; and 69&#37; &#9794;&#41;&#59; average age 53&#46;85 years&#59; average age at start of smoking 16&#46;64 years&#59; average tobacco consumption 37&#46;78 pack-years&#46; Respiratory symptoms were present in 68&#46;8&#37; of the individuals&#44; and were more frequent in men&#44; those who started smoking earlier and those with higher tobacco consumption &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#41;&#46; Thirty percent had abnormal obstruction of the small airways&#44; with this more frequent in older smokers and those with heavier tobacco consumption &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Discussion and conclusions</span><p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The underdiagnosis of smoking raises awareness of the importance of identifying this risk population and the need to implement preventative measures&#46; These&#44; in tandem with a better characterisation of this population&#44; may contribute to the improved diagnosis and management of COPD&#46;</p>"
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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Introdu&#231;&#227;o</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">O tabagismo &#233; o principal factor de risco da DPOC&#44; estimando-se que 15&#8211;20&#37; dos fumadores a desenvolvam&#46; A caracteriza&#231;&#227;o desta popula&#231;&#227;o de risco &#233; um importante passo na melhoria do diagn&#243;stico de DPOC&#44; que &#233; cada vez mais um desafio nos cuidados prim&#225;rios&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objectivos</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Determinar a percentagem de fumadores identificados numa USF na popula&#231;&#227;o de utentes entre 45&#8211;65 anos e sua caracteriza&#231;&#227;o&#59; determinar poss&#237;veis rela&#231;&#245;es entre a presen&#231;a de sintomatologia respirat&#243;ria e as restantes vari&#225;veis&#59; e entre a presen&#231;a de altera&#231;&#245;es obstrutivas das pequenas vias a&#233;reas e as restantes vari&#225;veis&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Material e m&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudo observacional&#44; anal&#237;tico&#44; transversal&#44; numa unidade de sa&#250;de familiar &#40;USF&#41; portuguesa&#46; Popula&#231;&#227;o&#58; utentes fumadores entre os 45&#8211;65 anos&#44; submetidos &#224; aplica&#231;&#227;o de um question&#225;rio e realiza&#231;&#227;o de espirometria&#46; A an&#225;lise estat&#237;stica foi realizada em SPSS v&#46;13&#46;0 &#40;n&#237;vel de signific&#226;ncia de 0&#44;05&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A amostra foi constitu&#237;da por 157 indiv&#237;duos &#40;31&#37; &#9792; e 69&#37; &#9794;&#41;&#59; idade m&#233;dia de 53&#44;85 anos&#59; idade m&#233;dia de in&#237;cio de tabagismo de 16&#44;64 anos&#59; carga tab&#225;gica m&#233;dia de 37&#44;78 UMA&#46; Sintomatologia respirat&#243;ria esteve presente em 68&#44;8&#37; dos indiv&#237;duos&#44; sendo mais frequente nos homens&#44; com inicia&#231;&#227;o tab&#225;gica mais precoce e maior carga tab&#225;gica &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;05&#41;&#46; Altera&#231;&#245;es obstrutivas das pequenas vias a&#233;reas estavam presentes em 30&#37;&#44; sendo mais frequentes nos mais velhos e com maior carga tab&#225;gica &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;05&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Discuss&#227;o e conclus&#245;es</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">O subdiagn&#243;stico do tabagismo &#233; alarmante&#44; alertando para a import&#226;ncia da identifica&#231;&#227;o da popula&#231;&#227;o de risco e implementa&#231;&#227;o de medidas preventivas direccionadas &#8211; que associadas &#224; melhor caracteriza&#231;&#227;o desta popula&#231;&#227;o poder&#227;o contribuir para uma melhoria no diagn&#243;stico e abordagem da DPOC&#46;</p>"
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Pulmonology

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