Original article
Functional evaluation in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis sequelae
Avaliação funcional em pacientes com sequelas de tuberculose pulmonar
Read
1335
Timeswas read the article
679
Total PDF
656
Total HTML
Share statistics
array:25 [ "pii" => "S2173511511000236" "issn" => "21735115" "doi" => "10.1016/j.rppnen.2011.06.005" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2011-09-01" "aid" => "39" "copyright" => "Sociedade Portuguesa de Pneumologia" "copyrightAnyo" => "2011" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 0 "licencia" => "http://www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/" "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Rev Port Pneumol. 2011;17:216-21" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 9713 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 260 "HTML" => 7196 "PDF" => 2257 ] ] "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "pt" => array:20 [ "pii" => "S0873215911000754" "issn" => "08732159" "doi" => "10.1016/j.rppneu.2011.06.010" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2011-09-01" "aid" => "39" "copyright" => "Sociedade Portuguesa de Pneumologia" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 0 "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/" "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Rev Port Pneumol. 2011;17:216-21" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 27749 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 297 "HTML" => 24459 "PDF" => 2993 ] ] "pt" => array:12 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Artigo original</span>" "titulo" => "Avaliação funcional em pacientes com sequela pulmonar de tuberculose" "tienePdf" => "pt" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "pt" "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "pt" 1 => "en" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "216" "paginaFinal" => "221" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "en" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Functional evaluation in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis sequelae" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "pt" => true "en" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "pt" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "pt" => true ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "F.C. Di Naso, J.S. Pereira, S.J. Schuh, G. Unis" "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "F.C." "apellidos" => "Di Naso" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "J.S." "apellidos" => "Pereira" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "S.J." "apellidos" => "Schuh" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "G." "apellidos" => "Unis" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "pt" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "en" => array:9 [ "pii" => "S2173511511000236" "doi" => "10.1016/j.rppnen.2011.06.005" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173511511000236?idApp=UINPBA00004E" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0873215911000754?idApp=UINPBA00004E" "url" => "/08732159/0000001700000005/v2_201509041523/S0873215911000754/v2_201509041523/pt/main.assets" ] ] "itemSiguiente" => array:19 [ "pii" => "S2173511511000376" "issn" => "21735115" "doi" => "10.1016/j.rppnen.2011.04.001" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2011-09-01" "aid" => "25" "copyright" => "Sociedade Portuguesa de Pneumologia" "documento" => "simple-article" "crossmark" => 0 "licencia" => "http://www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/" "subdocumento" => "dis" "cita" => "Rev Port Pneumol. 2011;17:222-4" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 2623 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 234 "HTML" => 1337 "PDF" => 1052 ] ] "en" => array:6 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "titulo" => "The Egyptian Technique (Sersar Technique); Mansoura Technique; To remove some inhaled foreign bodies through rigid bronchoscopy without using a forceps; Revisited" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0 "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "222" "paginaFinal" => "224" ] ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173511511000376?idApp=UINPBA00004E" "url" => "/21735115/0000001700000005/v1_201305151550/S2173511511000376/v1_201305151550/en/main.assets" ] "itemAnterior" => array:20 [ "pii" => "S2173511511000224" "issn" => "21735115" "doi" => "10.1016/j.rppnen.2011.06.004" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2011-09-01" "aid" => "38" "copyright" => "Sociedade Portuguesa de Pneumologia" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 0 "licencia" => "http://www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/" "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Rev Port Pneumol. 2011;17:211-5" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 8612 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 209 "HTML" => 6760 "PDF" => 1643 ] ] "en" => array:13 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original article</span>" "titulo" => "Anatomy for the bronchologist: A prospective study of the normal endobronchial anatomic variants" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "en" 1 => "pt" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "211" "paginaFinal" => "215" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "pt" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Anatomia endobrônquica: estudo prospectivo das variações anatómicas da árvore traqueobrônquica" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "en" => true "pt" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 3660 "Ancho" => 3250 "Tamanyo" => 397881 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Photographic representation of some of the anatomical variations observed. (A) Variants observed at right upper bronchus (A1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>b3 emerging directly from C; A2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Bifurcation b1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>+<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2; b3; A3 – bifurcation b2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>+<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3; b1; A4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Bifurcation b1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>+<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3; b2). (B) Variants observed at right lower lobe (B1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>sub-superior bronchus; B2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>supernumerary bronchus emerging on the posterior wall of the basal pyramid; B3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>b7 absent). (C) Variants observed at left upper bronchus (C1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>upper lobe division with a trifurcate pattern b1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>+<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>b2; b3; b4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>+<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>b5; C2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>upper lobe with a trifurcate pattern b1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>+<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>b2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>+<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>b3). D) Variants observed at left lower lobe (individualized b7).</p>" ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "L. Vaz Rodrigues, Y. Martins, C. Guimarães, M. de Santis, A. Marques, F. Barata" "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "L." "apellidos" => "Vaz Rodrigues" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Y." "apellidos" => "Martins" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "C." "apellidos" => "Guimarães" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "M." "apellidos" => "de Santis" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "A." "apellidos" => "Marques" ] 5 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "F." "apellidos" => "Barata" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "pt" => array:9 [ "pii" => "S0873215911000742" "doi" => "10.1016/j.rppneu.2011.06.009" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "pt" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0873215911000742?idApp=UINPBA00004E" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173511511000224?idApp=UINPBA00004E" "url" => "/21735115/0000001700000005/v1_201305151550/S2173511511000224/v1_201305151550/en/main.assets" ] "en" => array:19 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original article</span>" "titulo" => "Functional evaluation in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis sequelae" "tieneTextoCompleto" => true "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "216" "paginaFinal" => "221" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "F.C. Di Naso, J.S. Pereira, S.J. Schuh, G. Unis" "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "F.C." "apellidos" => "Di Naso" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "fdinaso@yahoo.com.br" ] "referencia" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] 2 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">¿</span>" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "J.S." "apellidos" => "Pereira" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "S.J." "apellidos" => "Schuh" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "G." "apellidos" => "Unis" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:3 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Serviço de Fisioterapia, Hospital Sanatório Partenon, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil" "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Serviço de Radiologia, Hospital Sanatório Partenon, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil" "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 2 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Serviço de Pneumologia, Hospital Sanatório Partenon, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil" "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "pt" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Avaliação funcional em pacientes com sequelas de tuberculose pulmonar" ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be a chronic infection with very high rates of morbidity and mortality. It has been estimated that each year there are 8.9 million new cases and 1.6 million deaths worldwide.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> Brazil is the 19th highest country in the world in terms of the number of TB cases and within Brazil, Porto Alegre is the state capital that has the highest incidence of the disease.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> The Brazilian TB control program is being decentralized with the progressive transfer of activities from ambulatory “TB health units” to Family Health Program (FHP) units and teams. The FHP is a new program in which teams of health professionals work in the community, linked to health units. However, cases of difficult treatment related to psychosocial problems, hepatotoxicity and worsening of health status continue to be treated in hospital.</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Because there are few studies on residual sequelae of TB, the number of patients is unknown, government costs have not been evaluated and only a limited number of professionals have experience in dealing with such patients.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The presence of extensive residual lung lesions may be a predictor of permanent disability following tissue destruction, cor pulmonale and susceptibility to opportunistic infections, leading to reduced quality of life.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> In addition, the extent of disease is one of the risk factors involved in TB mortality rates.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The histopathological findings resulting from tuberculosis include the formation of caseous granuloma, tissue liquefaction and formation of pulmonary cavities.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a></p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">From these changes residual lesions remain in many patients, resulting in pulmonary sequelae that are characterized by impairments in the bronchial and parenchymal structure. These structural changes include broncho-vascular distortions, bronchiectasis, emphysema and fibrosis.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a></p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Pulmonary TB can involve the airways, leading to mucosal edema, hypertrophy and hyperplasia of mucous glands, increased mucus secretion and smooth muscle hypertrophy. This affects the caliber of the airways, increases its strength and decreases airflow.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> Through the mechanism of cicatricial fibrosis there is also a reduction of total lung capacity.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a></p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Thus, delays in the diagnosis of TB lead to the increase in lung damage and more frequent co-morbidities and impairment of quality of life.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> Treatment failure results in multidrug resistance and thus in the increase in the number of treatments, and can also be a factor in assessing the severity of the functional prognosis of patients.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9,10</span></a></p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Post-tuberculosis patients may have limited exercise tolerance and significant disability which may affect daily activities.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> Unlike assessment of functional status in other disabling chronic diseases, there have been few studies of this kind that specifically consider TB. This study aims to evaluate and compare variables that represent the functional status in patients with sequelae of pulmonary tuberculosis who had finished treatment.</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Methods</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This is a cross-sectional study with a sample selected in a non-probabilistic and intentional form, consisting of 27 patients (18 men) who were being followed up at the Ambulatory Unit of Hospital Sanatório Partenon. The period of data collection was from November 2009 to January 2010. The study included adult patients diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis treated as outpatients over a period of 6 months (group I) and adult patients with multiple treatments of longer duration (group II) which were also conducted in ambulatory units. Patients with tuberculosis in other organs, patients with disorders of the locomotor system with functional limitations making testing impossible, cardiovascular disease, degenerative neuromuscular diseases, and/or patients with severe hemodynamic instability were excluded from the study. Patients were selected by analyzing the records of the ambulatory units and they were contacted after their discharge. If the patient agreed to participate as a volunteer in the research, they signed the instrument of informed consent. The study was approved by the Ethics in Research Committee of School of Public Health and the Hospital Sanatório Partenon.</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Chest radiographs, performed at the end of treatment, were analyzed by a radiologist and a pulmonologist. The radiological changes were ranked according to Willcox.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> The lung fields were divided into six zones, and radiographic results were classified by degree: I degree, with minimum involvement of only one zone, without cavitation; II degree, involving two or three areas or zones with cavitation; and III degree severe involvement in more than three zones with or without cavitation. The tests were administered on a single day in the following order: spirometry, manovacuometry and 6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min walk test (6MWT). Information was collected through a standardized form with demographic data (age, sex, race, body mass index – BMI), clinical data, medications and smoking habits. Next, we performed a spirometry with assessment of lung function using the variables: forced expiratory volume in 1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV1/FVC ratio and peak expiratory flow (PEF). The device used was the Spirometer Microlab ML 3500 (Microlab, USA). In the test the patient was seated with elbows bent and his mouth firmly attached to the mouthpiece. The nose clip was also used to prevent air leakage. The patient was asked to perform a forced expiration starting from total lung capacity (TLC). FVC maneuvers were performed five times; the best three results were considered and then the highest one was selected as long as it did not exceed 10% of the second largest value.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a></p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP) and maximal expiratory pressure (MEP) were evaluated using the manuvacuometer.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a> Between the pulmonary function tests and respiratory muscle strength, the patient rested for at least 10<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min. Patients had been well targeted and the tests were performed according to Guidelines for Pulmonary Function Tests.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a></p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Finally, the physical–functional condition was assessed by the distance covered in the 6MWT. The test was conducted in a level corridor of 30<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>m. The heart rate (HR) and oxygen saturation (SpO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>) were measured by pulse oximeter Nonin Onyx 9500, (United States) and systemic blood pressure (SBP) was measured with a stethoscope and a Missouri sphygmomanometer (Brazil). For dyspnea and fatigue in the lower limbs the Modified Borg Scale was used. The respiratory rate (RR) was also measured. All these variables were measured for test control at the beginning and end of the test. The patient was asked to walk as much as possible during the six minutes and received standardized sentences of encouragement. The 6MWT was administered by visual assessment following the guidelines of the American Thoracic Society (ATS).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a></p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The results were expressed as mean and standard deviation for data with normal distribution. For the analysis of categorical variables the chi-square was used and for the analysis of continuous variables the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">t</span>-test. All tests were performed using the statistical program Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 13.0 for Windows. We considered the significance level of 5% (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.05).</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We included 27 patients in the study and 12 were from a multiple-treatment (group II). The average time from the start of first treatment until the date of discharge at the end of treatment in group II was 45.5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>15.6 months. The length of treatment of patients in group II includes the period of the treatment with scheme I; this covers treatment with rifampin, isoniazid and pyrazinamide, abandoning this treatment, subsequent attempts to treat failures of scheme I with streptomycin, ethionamide, ethambutol and pyrazinamide (including the periods of abandon and failure), and the duration of MDRTB treatment until the patient was cured (18 months). All patients in group II had culture for mycobacteria with multidrug sensitivity test, indicating failure to respond to previous treatment. There was no significant difference (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.634) between group I (single treatment) and group II (multiple treatments and MDRTB) in relation to the prevalence of smoking (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>). The groups showed no significant difference in terms of age, weight, height and sex (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>). Patients in group I showed radiological abnormalities with minimal involvement in 46.7% of cases (grade I according to criterion of classification). Patients in group II had severe impairment (grade III), as evaluated by radiography, in 83.7% of cases and no patient had grade I classification (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>). Severe combined respiratory disorder was the most prevalent in the group of multiple treatments, present in 75% of patients in group II. In the group that underwent only one treatment (group I), 20% of patients had no changes in lung function and 53.3% had mild disorder (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#tbl0010">Tables 2 and 3</a>).</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Group II, which included multiple treatments, showed significantly lower levels when compared to group I in terms of vital capacity (FVC) (72.06<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>14.95 vs 43.58<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>16.03% predicted) and FEV1 (66.13<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>19.87 vs 33.08<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>15.64% predicted) (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0020">Table 4</a>). The analysis of the strength of respiratory muscles in group II also showed a significant reduction in MIP variables (68.40<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>22.78 vs 49.58<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>12.55<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cmH<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O) and MEP (87.20<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>27.30 vs 59.08<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>12.23<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cmH<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O) (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0020">Table 4</a>). Regarding the analysis of distance covered during the 6-min walk, the group I walked 484.21<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>74.01<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>m while the group II walked 334.75<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>104.07<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>m, a distance significantly smaller (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>).</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0020"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Discussion</span><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The present study demonstrates a significant increase in functional limitations in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis sequelae who had undergone multiple treatments compared to patients cured in the first treatment. Changes in lung function and large residual lesions are not common findings in patients with tuberculosis who are diagnosed early and whose treatment is appropriate and uneventful.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> Delays in the identification of cases of pulmonary TB are due to inadequate assessment of cases of symptomatic respiratory distress or delay in seeking medical attention.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a> Studies have demonstrated a 7-week interval between the first visit and starting treatment and a 10–12-week interval between the onset of symptoms and starting treatment.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17,18</span></a></p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">According to guidelines for the treatment of tuberculosis, it is recommended that initial treatment be with the most effective medications and then alternative treatments used in cases of treatment failure.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a> In Brazil, mainly due to higher rates of treatment noncompliance, the number of failures causing multiresistance to drugs is approximately 1.5% of treatment outcomes triggering a major public health problem.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20,21</span></a> As demonstrated in our study, this problem becomes even worse when considering the functional and physical limitations that these patients may present after treatment.</p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The pulmonary function of patients in the group that underwent multiple treatments (group II) showed significant reductions in FVC and FEV1, compared to the group that required only one treatment (group I). Among the patients pertaining to group II, 75% had severe respiratory distress, compared to 13.3% in group I.</p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">There are differences in the disorder of most TB sequelae. Some authors<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> found that mild restrictive ventilatory disorder was the most prevalent in patients with cavitary disease, and patients without cavitation had functional normality. Others<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> found a higher prevalence of obstructive disorders (68%). A study that analyzed a Brazilian population with severe obstructive pulmonary disease found that 15.7% of patients had pulmonary TB sequelae.</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Another study<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a> concluded that TB causes chronic airflow limitation, and when it is repeated, this limitation gets worse. It would appear that the mixed disorder is the one most frequently found in patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, as we found in this study.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a> In our study, we found no differences between the groups in relation to the prevalence of smoking. Smoking is an important factor in the decline in lung function, but apparently was not determinant in the differences found between the groups.</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The pathophysiological changes of pulmonary tuberculosis found in patients who underwent repeated treatments can cause systemic changes through motor disabilities brought on by physical deconditioning.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23,24</span></a> In this study, the values obtained from analysis of BMI were lower in group II, indicating the possibility of a state of malnutrition and muscle wasting in these patients (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.004). Moreover, there were reductions in MIP, MEP and the distance covered during the 6MWT. The assessment of the respiratory muscle strength by measuring MIP and MEP is an important indicator of severity and exacerbation of chronic lung diseases.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span></a> In this study, the values obtained in MIP and MEP group II showed reductions consistent with the functional changes experienced by patients.</p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The distance covered on the 6MWT represents the degree of functional limitation in patients with chronic pulmonary diseases of different etiologies; many of these changes can be considered a better predictor of mortality than FEV1 and nutritional status.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span></a> Pinto-Plata and colleagues divided patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease into classes of 100<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>m according to the distance walked during the test and showed that each category had significant differences in mortality outcomes.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27</span></a> Moreover, in patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, a performance of less than 300<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>m distance walked during the test represents a mortality rate twice as high.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28</span></a> In the present study, patients in group II walked on average 334.75<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>104.07<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>m while the patients of group I walked on average 484.21<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>74.01<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>m. Patients in group II showed a greater functional impairment as the average distance walked in 6MWT was over 100<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>m lower, and from this we can hypothesize that they have a higher risk of early mortality.</p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This study demonstrated the existence of significant functional limitations in patients with sequelae of pulmonary tuberculosis. These limitations are more obvious and serious when failure occurs in initial treatment and second-line drugs are needed. These findings highlight the need for strategies to prevent treatment non-compliance and subsequent rescue regimens.</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conflict of interest</span><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.</p></span></span>" "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:10 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xres173330" "titulo" => array:6 [ 0 => "Abstract" 1 => "Introduction" 2 => "Objective" 3 => "Method" 4 => "Results" 5 => "Conclusion" ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec161614" "titulo" => "Keywords" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xres173331" "titulo" => array:6 [ 0 => "Resumo" 1 => "Introdução" 2 => "Objetivo" 3 => "Método" 4 => "Resultados" 5 => "Conclusão" ] ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec161615" "titulo" => "Palavras-chave" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 5 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Methods" ] 6 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "Results" ] 7 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0020" "titulo" => "Discussion" ] 8 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0025" "titulo" => "Conflict of interest" ] 9 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2011-04-04" "fechaAceptado" => "2011-06-02" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec161614" "palabras" => array:3 [ 0 => "Tuberculosis" 1 => "Spirometry" 2 => "Functional" ] ] ] "pt" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palavras-chave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec161615" "palabras" => array:3 [ 0 => "Tuberculose" 1 => "Espirometria" 2 => "Funcional" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Introduction</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">In pulmonary tuberculosis, the presence of extensive residual lung lesions can be a predictor of permanent disability leading to respiratory failure.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objective</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To compare functional and respiratory changes in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis sequelae who have completed treatment.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Method</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The study included patients who completed treatment within a period of 6 months (group I) and multidrug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis patients who completed treatments of longer duration after the failure of the initial treatment (group II). We evaluated lung function by spirometry (Microlab ML 3500), the strength of respiratory muscles through the manovacuometry (MEP – maximal expiratory pressure and MIP – maximal inspiratory pressure) and the distance walked during the 6-min walk (6MWT).</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Twenty-seven patients were included, 12 of whom belonged to group II, multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDRTB). Severe combined respiratory disorder was the most prevalent problem in group II of MDRTB; it was present in 9 patients. The MDRTB group (group II) showed significantly lower values when compared to Group I in FVC (72.06<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>14.95 vs 43.58<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>16.03% predicted), FEV1 (66.13<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>19.87 vs 33.08<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>15.64% predicted), MIP (68.40<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>22.78 vs 49.58<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>12.55<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cmH<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O), MEP (87.20<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>27.30 vs 59.08<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>12.23<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cmH<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O) and distance covered in 6MWT (484.21<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>74.01 vs 334.75<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>104.07<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>m).</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusion</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Patients with multidrug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis who have undergone multiple treatments have more severe respiratory and functional impairment than patients who have had just a single treatment.</p>" ] "pt" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Resumo" "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Introdução</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Na tuberculose pulmonar, a presença de lesões pulmonares residuais extensas pode ser um fator preditor de invalidez permanente levando a insuficiência respiratória.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objetivo</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Comparar as alterações respiratórias e funcionais em pacientes com sequelas de tuberculose pulmonar que finalizaram o tratamento.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Método</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">O estudo foi realizado no Ambulatório de Tisiologia do Hospital Sanatório Partenon. Foram incluídos no estudo pacientes que finalizaram único tratamento com 6 meses de duração (grupo I) e pacientes com tuberculose pulmonar multirresistente que finalizaram tratamento de maior duração após falência aos tratamentos iniciais (grupo II). Foram avaliadas a função pulmonar através da espirometria (ML 3500 Microlab, Microlab, EUA), a força dos músculos respiratórios através da manovacuometria e a distância percorrida no teste da caminhada dos 6 minutos (TC6M). Os dados foram analisados no programa SPSS versão 13.0, sendo utilizado o teste de qui-quadrado e o t para amostras independentes. O nível de significância adotado foi de 5%.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Foram incluídos 27 pacientes sendo que 12 pertenciam ao grupo de tuberculose multirresistente. O distúrbio ventilatório mais prevalente no grupo de múltiplos tratamentos foi o padrão misto, presente em 9 pacientes. O grupo que realizou múltiplos tratamentos (grupo II) apresentou redução significativa quando comparado ao grupo I nas variáveis CVF (72,06<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>14,95 vs. 43,58<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>16,03% predito), VEF<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span> (66,13<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>19,87 vs. 33,08<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>15,64% predito), PImax (68,40<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>22,78 vs. 49,58<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>12,55<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cmH<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O), PEmax (87,20<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>27,30 vs. 59,08<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>12,23<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cmH<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O) e distância percorrida no TC6M (484,21<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>74,01 vs. 334,75<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>104,07 metros).</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusão</span><p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Pacientes com tuberculose pulmonar multirresistente que realizaram múltiplos tratamentos apresentam comprometimentos respiratórios e funcionais maiores do que pacientes que realizaram único tratamento.</p>" ] ] "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara">Please cite this article as: Di Naso, FC. Avaliação funcional em pacientes com sequelas de tuberculose pulmonar. S0873-2159(11)00075-4.</p>" ] ] "multimedia" => array:4 [ 0 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "tbl0005" "etiqueta" => "Table 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Group I (single treatment) and group II (multiple treatments and MDRTB).</p><p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">MDRTB: multidrug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis; HIV: human immunodeficiency virus; 6MWTD: distance walked during of the 6-min walk test. Oxygen saturation was measured by pulse oxymetry at the beginning and end of the 6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min walk test.</p><p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Radiological classification criteria of Willcox. Significance: 5% (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.05).</p>" "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Variable \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Group I (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>15) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Group II (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>12) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Time of treatment (months) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">45.5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span> 15.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Age (years) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">32.93<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10.25 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">38.67<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10.56 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.165 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Sex (male) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">12/15 (80%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">6/12 (50%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.127 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Weight (kg) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">63.20<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>8.79 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">53.45<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>9.78 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.12 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Height (m) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1.69<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.09 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1.65<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.10 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.334 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">BMI (kg/m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">21.83<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2.48 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">18.64<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2.04 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.004 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">HIV+ (n) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1/15 (6.66%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2/12 (16.66%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.569 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Smoking (n) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">9/15 (60%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">7/12 (58.33%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.634 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">6MWTD (m) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">484.21<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>74.01 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">334.75<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>104.07 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Oxygen saturation (%)</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Initial 6MWT \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">97.86<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1.23 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">96.45<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3.01 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.171 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Post 6MWT \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">7.43<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1.87 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.82<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>8.44 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.009 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Radiological classification \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">I (46.7%)II (26.7%)III (26.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">I (0)II (16.7%)III (83.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.007 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab266464.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Clinical and anthropometrical sample analysis.</p>" ] ] 1 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "tbl0010" "etiqueta" => "Table 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0080" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Group I (single treatment) and group II (multiple treatments and MDRTB). MDRTB: multidrug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis.</p><p id="spar0085" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.05.</p>" "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Ventilatory defect \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Group I (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>15) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Group II (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>12) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Normal \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3/15 (20%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0/12 (0%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Mild \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">8/15 (53.3%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1/12 (8.3%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Moderate \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2/15 (13.3%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2/12 (16.7%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Severe \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2/15 (13.3%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">9/12 (75%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab266467.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0075" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Functional pulmonary testing of patients with of pulmonary tuberculosis sequelae by severity and number of treatments.</p>" ] ] 2 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "tbl0015" "etiqueta" => "Table 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0095" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Group I (single treatment) and group II (multiple treatments and MDRTB).</p><p id="spar0100" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">MDRTB: multidrug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis; CVD: combined ventilatory disorder; ORD: obstructive ventilatory disorder; RVD: restrictive ventilatory disorder.</p><p id="spar0105" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.05.</p><p id="spar0110" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">BD response: positive response after bronchodilator aerosol treatment.</p>" "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Pulmonary function \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Group I (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>15) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Group II (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>12) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Normal \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3/15 (20%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0/12 (0%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">CVD \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4/15 (26.7%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">9/12 (75%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">OVD \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">5/15 (33.3%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3/12 (25%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">RVD \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3/15 (20%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0/12 (0%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">BD response \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2/15 (13.3%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3/12 (25%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab266465.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0090" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Lung function in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis sequelae by classification of the disorder and number of treatments.</p>" ] ] 3 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "tbl0020" "etiqueta" => "Table 4" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0120" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Group I (single treatment) and group II (multiple treatments and MDRTB).</p><p id="spar0125" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">MDRTB: multidrug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis; FVC: forced vital capacity; FEV1: forced expiratory volume in 1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>s; CVF/VEF1: index tiffeneau; PEF: peak expiratory flow; MIP: maximum inspiratory pressure; MEP: maximum expiratory pressure. Significance 5% (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.05).</p>" "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Variables \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Group I (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>15) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Group II (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>12) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">FVC (%predicted) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">72.06<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>14.95 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">43.58<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>16.03 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">FEV1 (% predicted) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">66.13<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>19.87 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">33.08<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>15.64 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">FCV/FEV1 (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">77.10<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>16.81 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">61.75<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>18.13 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.032 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">PEF (L/s) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">5.57<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2.47 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2.36<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.98 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">MIP (cmH<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">68.40<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>22.78 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">49.58<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>12.55 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.017 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">MEP (cmH<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">87.20<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>27.30 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">59.08<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>12.23 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.003 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab266466.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0115" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Evaluation of the lung function in patients with sequel pulmonary tuberculosis.</p>" ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:28 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0005" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "World Health Organization. Estimated incidence, prevalence and TB mortality; 2007." ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0010" "etiqueta" => "2" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "Ministério da Saúde. Incidência de Tuberculose no Brasil. Programa Nacional de Controle da Tuberculose 2009 05.06.2010 [cited; available from: <a class="elsevierStyleInterRef" href="http://www.saude.gov.br/pnct">www.saude.gov.br/pnct</a>]." ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0015" "etiqueta" => "3" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Pulmonary impairment after tuberculosis" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "J.G. Pasipanodya" 1 => "T.L. Miller" 2 => "M. Vecino" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1378/chest.06-2949" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Chest" "fecha" => "2007" "volumen" => "131" "paginaInicial" => "1817" "paginaFinal" => "1824" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17400690" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0020" "etiqueta" => "4" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Thoracic sequelae and complications of tuberculosis" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "H.Y. Kim" 1 => "K.S. Song" 2 => "J.M. Goo" 3 => "J.S. Lee" 4 => "K.S. Lee" 5 => "T.H. Lim" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1148/radiographics.21.4.g01jl06839" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Radiographics" "fecha" => "2001" "volumen" => "21" "paginaInicial" => "839" "paginaFinal" => "858" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11452057" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0025" "etiqueta" => "5" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Pulmonary tuberculosis treated with directly observed therapy: serial changes in lung structure and function" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "R. Long" 1 => "B. Maycher" 2 => "A. Dhar" 3 => "J. Manfreda" 4 => "E. Hershfield" 5 => "N. Anthonisen" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Chest" "fecha" => "1998" "volumen" => "113" "paginaInicial" => "933" "paginaFinal" => "943" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9554628" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0030" "etiqueta" => "6" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Bronchial tuberculosis. Cytologic diagnosis of fiberoptic bronchoscopic brushings" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "X. Fang" 1 => "B. Ma" 2 => "X. Yang" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Acta Cytol" "fecha" => "1997" "volumen" => "41" "paginaInicial" => "1463" "paginaFinal" => "1467" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9305385" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 6 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0035" "etiqueta" => "7" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Long-term study of patients with sequelae of pulmonary tuberculosis after pneumonectomy – obstructive impairment and its causes" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "C. Zhou" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Nihon Kyobu Shikkan Gakkai Zasshi" "fecha" => "1995" "volumen" => "33" "paginaInicial" => "416" "paginaFinal" => "421" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7791270" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 7 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0040" "etiqueta" => "8" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Lung function in patients with chronic airflow obstruction due to tuberculous destroyed lung" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "J.H. Lee" 1 => "J.H. Chang" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Respir Med" "fecha" => "2003" "volumen" => "97" "paginaInicial" => "1237" "paginaFinal" => "1242" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14635980" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 8 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0045" "etiqueta" => "9" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Functional profile of patients with tuberculosis sequelae in a university hospital" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "L.M. Ramos" 1 => "N. Sulmonett" 2 => "C.S. Ferreira" 3 => "J.F. Henriques" 4 => "S.S. de Miranda" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Bras Pneumol" "fecha" => "2006" "volumen" => "32" "paginaInicial" => "43" "paginaFinal" => "47" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17273568" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 9 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0050" "etiqueta" => "10" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Residual lung damage after completion of treatment for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "S. de Valliere" 1 => "R.D. Barker" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Int J Tuberc Lung Dis" "fecha" => "2004" "volumen" => "8" "paginaInicial" => "767" "paginaFinal" => "771" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15182148" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 10 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0055" "etiqueta" => "11" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Efeitos de um programa de exercícios físicos na tolerância ao esforço de indivíduos com tuberculose pulmonar" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "V. Rech" 1 => "D. Bervig" 2 => "L.F. Rodrigues" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Fisioterapia e Pesquisa" "fecha" => "2005" "volumen" => "12" "paginaInicial" => "35" "paginaFinal" => "40" ] ] ] ] ] ] 11 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0060" "etiqueta" => "12" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The effect of pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with post-tuberculosis lung disorder" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "M. Ando" 1 => "A. Mori" 2 => "H. Esaki" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Chest" "fecha" => "2003" "volumen" => "123" "paginaInicial" => "1988" "paginaFinal" => "1995" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12796179" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 12 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0065" "etiqueta" => "13" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Chronic obstructive airways disease following treated pulmonary tuberculosis" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "P.A. Willcox" 1 => "A.D. Ferguson" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Respir Med" "fecha" => "1989" "volumen" => "83" "paginaInicial" => "195" "paginaFinal" => "198" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2595036" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 13 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0070" "etiqueta" => "14" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e Tisiologia: I Consenso de Espirometria. J Pneumol 2002;22:122–49." ] ] ] 14 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0075" "etiqueta" => "15" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Pressões Respiratórias estáticas máximas" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "R.B. Souza" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Pneumol" "fecha" => "2002" "volumen" => "28" "paginaInicial" => "155" "paginaFinal" => "165" ] ] ] ] ] ] 15 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0080" "etiqueta" => "16" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "ATS statement: guidelines for the six-minute walk test. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002;166(1):111–7." ] ] ] 16 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0085" "etiqueta" => "17" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Risk factors for treatment delay in pulmonary tuberculosis in Recife, Brazil" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "M.A. dos Santos" 1 => "M.F. Albuquerque" 2 => "R.A. Ximenes" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1186/1471-2458-5-25" "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "BMC Public Health" "fecha" => "2005" "volumen" => "5" "paginaInicial" => "25" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15777473" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 17 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0090" "etiqueta" => "18" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Interval of time between the onset of symptoms and the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in two outpatients primary health centers (OPHC) in Nova Iguaçu, Brazil. Preliminary results" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "M. Maior" 1 => "J.E. Golub" 2 => "R. Chaisson" 3 => "G.M. Souza" 4 => "M.B. Conde" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "LibroEditado" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Proceedings of ATS international conference" "serieFecha" => "2007" ] ] ] ] ] ] 18 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0095" "etiqueta" => "19" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "A systematic review of delay in the diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "D.G. Storla" 1 => "S. Yimer" 2 => "G.A. Bjune" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1186/1471-2458-8-15" "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "BMC Public Health" "fecha" => "2008" "volumen" => "8" "paginaInicial" => "15" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18194573" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 19 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0100" "etiqueta" => "20" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "III Brazilian Thoracic Association Guidelines on tuberculosis" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "M.B. Conde" 1 => "F.A. Melo" 2 => "A.M. Marques" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Bras Pneumol" "fecha" => "2009" "volumen" => "35" "paginaInicial" => "1018" "paginaFinal" => "1048" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19918635" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 20 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0105" "etiqueta" => "21" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Factors associated with treatment failure, dropout, and death in a cohort of tuberculosis patients in Recife, Pernambuco State, Brazil" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "F. de Albuquerque Mde" 1 => "R.A. Ximenes" 2 => "N. Lucena-Silva" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Cad Saude Publica" "fecha" => "2007" "volumen" => "23" "paginaInicial" => "1573" "paginaFinal" => "1582" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17572806" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 21 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0110" "etiqueta" => "22" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Intermittent treatment for TB and resistance" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "M.B. Conde" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Bras Pneumol" "fecha" => "2009" "volumen" => "35" "paginaInicial" => "497" "paginaFinal" => "499" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19618028" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 22 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0115" "etiqueta" => "23" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Chronic pulmonary function impairment caused by initial and recurrent pulmonary tuberculosis following treatment" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "E. Hnizdo" 1 => "T. Singh" 2 => "G. Churchyard" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Thorax" "fecha" => "2000" "volumen" => "55" "paginaInicial" => "32" "paginaFinal" => "38" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10607799" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 23 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0120" "etiqueta" => "24" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Pulmonary tuberculosis, impaired lung function, disability and quality of life in a high-burden setting" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "G.P. Maguire" 1 => "N.M. Anstey" 2 => "M. Ardian" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Int J Tuberc Lung Dis" "fecha" => "2009" "volumen" => "13" "paginaInicial" => "1500" "paginaFinal" => "1506" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19919767" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 24 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0125" "etiqueta" => "25" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Exercise responses in patients treated for pulmonary tuberculosis by thoracoplasty" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "M.S. Phillips" 1 => "W.J. Kinnear" 2 => "D. Shaw" 3 => "J.M. Shneerson" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Thorax" "fecha" => "1989" "volumen" => "44" "paginaInicial" => "268" "paginaFinal" => "274" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2763228" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 25 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0130" "etiqueta" => "26" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Importance of noninvasively measured respiratory muscle overload among the causes of hospital readmission of COPD patients" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "C. Gonzalez" 1 => "E. Servera" 2 => "J. Marin" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1378/chest.07-1796" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Chest" "fecha" => "2008" "volumen" => "133" "paginaInicial" => "941" "paginaFinal" => "947" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18263690" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 26 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0135" "etiqueta" => "27" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The 6-min walk distance: change over time and value as a predictor of survival in severe COPD" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "V.M. Pinto-Plata" 1 => "C. Cote" 2 => "H. Cabral" 3 => "J. Taylor" 4 => "B.R. Celli" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Eur Respir J" "fecha" => "2004" "volumen" => "23" "paginaInicial" => "28" "paginaFinal" => "33" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14738227" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 27 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0140" "etiqueta" => "28" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Predictors of mortality in patients with emphysema and severe airflow obstruction" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "F.J. Martinez" 1 => "G. Foster" 2 => "J.L. Curtis" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1164/rccm.200510-1677OC" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Am J Respir Crit Care Med" "fecha" => "2006" "volumen" => "173" "paginaInicial" => "1326" "paginaFinal" => "1334" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16543549" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "url" => "/21735115/0000001700000005/v1_201305151550/S2173511511000236/v1_201305151550/en/main.assets" "Apartado" => array:4 [ "identificador" => "9710" "tipo" => "SECCION" "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Original articles" "idiomaDefecto" => true ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" ] "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/21735115/0000001700000005/v1_201305151550/S2173511511000236/v1_201305151550/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004E&text.app=https://journalpulmonology.org/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173511511000236?idApp=UINPBA00004E" ]
| Year/Month | Html | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 November | 9 | 9 | 18 |
| 2024 October | 45 | 50 | 95 |
| 2024 September | 52 | 34 | 86 |
| 2024 August | 74 | 63 | 137 |
| 2024 July | 61 | 49 | 110 |
| 2024 June | 65 | 52 | 117 |
| 2024 May | 53 | 49 | 102 |
| 2024 April | 39 | 30 | 69 |
| 2024 March | 22 | 27 | 49 |
| 2024 February | 24 | 34 | 58 |
| 2024 January | 22 | 29 | 51 |
| 2023 December | 12 | 28 | 40 |
| 2023 November | 17 | 33 | 50 |
| 2023 October | 28 | 52 | 80 |
| 2023 September | 23 | 35 | 58 |
| 2023 August | 16 | 17 | 33 |
| 2023 July | 21 | 31 | 52 |
| 2023 June | 20 | 17 | 37 |
| 2023 May | 36 | 27 | 63 |
| 2023 April | 17 | 13 | 30 |
Show all
