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Portugal&#46; We retrospectively evaluated 1292 patients newly diagnosed with lung cancer&#44; from January 2009 to December 2014&#46; For the purpose of analysis&#44; only patients with NSCLC that had a follow-up in our center were included&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Ninety-two octogenarians were included &#40;7&#46;1&#37; of total&#41;&#44; 79&#46;3&#37; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>73&#41; were male with a median age of 82&#46;0 years &#40;80&#8211;90&#41;&#46; Smoking history was present in 65&#37; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>58&#41; of patients&#46; The median time from symptom onset to diagnosis was 2&#46;0 months &#40;0&#8211;12&#46;0&#41;&#46; The diagnosis was obtained by bronchoscopy in 45&#46;7&#37; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>42&#41; of patients&#44; transthoracic biopsy guided by CT in 46&#46;7&#37; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>43&#41; and blind pleural biopsy in 7&#46;6&#37; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>7&#41;&#46; Adenocarcinoma was the most common histopathological type&#44; recorded in 51&#46;1&#37; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>47&#41; of patients&#44; followed by squamous cell carcinoma in 41&#46;3&#37; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>38&#41;&#46; Clinical staging revealed 23&#46;8&#37; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>22&#41; of patients with stage I and II&#44; 8&#46;7&#37; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>8&#41; with III-A and 67&#46;4&#37; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>62&#41; with III-B and IV&#46; The initial <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Performance Status</span> &#40;PS&#41; was 0 and 1 in 60&#46;9&#37; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>56&#41; of patients&#44; 2 in 16&#46;3&#37; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>15&#41; and 3 and 4 in 22&#46;8&#37; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>21&#41;&#46; After careful consideration&#44; the following treatments were performed&#58; surgery in 5&#46;4&#37; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5&#41;&#44; surgery followed by adjuvant chemotherapy in 1&#46;1&#37; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#41;&#44; chemotherapy only in 17&#46;4&#37; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>16&#41;&#44; chemotherapy plus conventional radiotherapy in 8&#46;7&#37; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>8&#41;&#44; conventional radiotherapy in 5&#46;4&#37; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5&#41; and stereotactic body radiation therapy &#40;SBRT&#41; in 2&#46;2&#37; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#41;&#46; Most patients &#40;58&#46;7&#37;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>54&#41; were submitted to best supportive care &#40;BSC&#41;&#44; two-thirds presenting PS<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Platinum</span>-<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">based doublet regimens</span> were used in one-third of patients submitted to chemotherapy&#46; Surgery was performed on 6 patients&#58; lobectomy and mediastinal lymph node dissection in 3&#44; lobectomy without mediastinal lymph node dissection in 1&#44; segmentectomy in 1 and atypical lung resection in 1&#46; Using Charlson Comorbidity Index&#44; all patients scored high&#44; even the potential surgical candidates&#44; reducing the number of surgeries performed&#46; One postoperative death was the major complication encountered&#46; During the follow-up period&#44; 38&#37; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>35&#41; of octogenarians are still alive&#44; 53&#46;5&#37; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>49&#41; died and 8&#46;7&#37; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>8&#41; were lost to follow-up&#46; In Kaplan&#8211;Meier analyses&#44; the median survival rate was about 2&#46;5 months in the BSC group and 12&#46;5 months for those submitted to other non-surgical treatments&#46; More than 80&#46;0&#37; of patients who had surgery are still alive &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">With social and medical evolutions&#44; and consequently global aging&#44; it is expected that more elderly will be affected by lung cancer&#46; For clinicians&#44; it will be increasingly a challenge to manage these patients because they usually have a high burden of comorbidities&#44; a high risk of complications and shorter life expectancy&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;4</span></a> Thus&#44; some clinicians are reluctant to propose anticancer treatments &#40;including surgery&#41; to octogenarians&#46; Nevertheless&#44; surgery is the best chance of a cure&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> and should not be denied based on older age alone&#46; Furthermore&#44; the mortality rates associated to surgery have reached acceptable levels&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> In our study&#44; we found that more than 40&#37; of patients were submitted to some form of anticancer treatment&#46; Only a minority of octogenarians presented in surgical staging&#44; and only just over a quarter of them were submitted to surgery&#44; with acceptable outcomes&#46; The presence of significant comorbidities was a major reason for excluding surgery&#46; In patients with contraindications to surgery&#44; SBRT has emerged as an attractive treatment option&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> Two of our patients had SBRT&#44; without significant morbidity&#46; Chemotherapy was also performed in about a quarter of patients&#46; In a recent study&#44; octogenarians with NSCLC treated with chemotherapy showed prolonged survival compared with those submitted to BSC&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a></p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Our results suggest that selected octogenarians with NSCLC&#44; regardless of age&#44; may benefit from specific anticancer treatment&#46; Thus&#44; a multidisciplinary assessment is recommended&#46; Further studies are warranted to provide an optimal treatment approach for octogenarians&#46;</p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare&#46;</p></span></span>"
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Letter to the Editor
Non-small cell lung cancer in octogenarian patients – The experience in a tertiary university hospital
H. Dabóa,
Corresponding author
hansdabo@yahoo.com.br

Corresponding author.
, R. Gomesb, V. Hespanhola,c, H. Queirogaa,c
a Pulmonology Department of Centro Hospitalar de São João, Oporto, Portugal
b Pulmonology Department of Hospital Sousa Martins, Unidade Local de Saúde – Guarda, Portugal
c School of Medicine, University of Oporto, Oporto, Portugal
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of patients&#44; transthoracic biopsy guided by CT in 46&#46;7&#37; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>43&#41; and blind pleural biopsy in 7&#46;6&#37; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>7&#41;&#46; Adenocarcinoma was the most common histopathological type&#44; recorded in 51&#46;1&#37; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>47&#41; of patients&#44; followed by squamous cell carcinoma in 41&#46;3&#37; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>38&#41;&#46; Clinical staging revealed 23&#46;8&#37; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>22&#41; of patients with stage I and II&#44; 8&#46;7&#37; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>8&#41; with III-A and 67&#46;4&#37; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>62&#41; with III-B and IV&#46; The initial <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Performance Status</span> &#40;PS&#41; was 0 and 1 in 60&#46;9&#37; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>56&#41; of patients&#44; 2 in 16&#46;3&#37; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>15&#41; and 3 and 4 in 22&#46;8&#37; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>21&#41;&#46; After careful consideration&#44; the following treatments were performed&#58; surgery in 5&#46;4&#37; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5&#41;&#44; surgery followed by adjuvant chemotherapy in 1&#46;1&#37; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#41;&#44; chemotherapy only in 17&#46;4&#37; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>16&#41;&#44; chemotherapy plus conventional radiotherapy in 8&#46;7&#37; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>8&#41;&#44; conventional radiotherapy in 5&#46;4&#37; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5&#41; and stereotactic body radiation therapy &#40;SBRT&#41; in 2&#46;2&#37; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#41;&#46; Most patients &#40;58&#46;7&#37;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>54&#41; were submitted to best supportive care &#40;BSC&#41;&#44; two-thirds presenting PS<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Platinum</span>-<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">based doublet regimens</span> were used in one-third of patients submitted to chemotherapy&#46; Surgery was performed on 6 patients&#58; lobectomy and mediastinal lymph node dissection in 3&#44; lobectomy without mediastinal lymph node dissection in 1&#44; segmentectomy in 1 and atypical lung resection in 1&#46; Using Charlson Comorbidity Index&#44; all patients scored high&#44; even the potential surgical candidates&#44; reducing the number of surgeries performed&#46; One postoperative death was the major complication encountered&#46; During the follow-up period&#44; 38&#37; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>35&#41; of octogenarians are still alive&#44; 53&#46;5&#37; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>49&#41; died and 8&#46;7&#37; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>8&#41; were lost to follow-up&#46; In Kaplan&#8211;Meier analyses&#44; the median survival rate was about 2&#46;5 months in the BSC group and 12&#46;5 months for those submitted to other non-surgical treatments&#46; More than 80&#46;0&#37; of patients who had surgery are still alive &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">With social and medical evolutions&#44; and consequently global aging&#44; it is expected that more elderly will be affected by lung cancer&#46; For clinicians&#44; it will be increasingly a challenge to manage these patients because they usually have a high burden of comorbidities&#44; a high risk of complications and shorter life expectancy&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;4</span></a> Thus&#44; some clinicians are reluctant to propose anticancer treatments &#40;including surgery&#41; to octogenarians&#46; Nevertheless&#44; surgery is the best chance of a cure&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> and should not be denied based on older age alone&#46; Furthermore&#44; the mortality rates associated to surgery have reached acceptable levels&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> In our study&#44; we found that more than 40&#37; of patients were submitted to some form of anticancer treatment&#46; Only a minority of octogenarians presented in surgical staging&#44; and only just over a quarter of them were submitted to surgery&#44; with acceptable outcomes&#46; The presence of significant comorbidities was a major reason for excluding surgery&#46; In patients with contraindications to surgery&#44; SBRT has emerged as an attractive treatment option&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> Two of our patients had SBRT&#44; without significant morbidity&#46; Chemotherapy was also performed in about a quarter of patients&#46; In a recent study&#44; octogenarians with NSCLC treated with chemotherapy showed prolonged survival compared with those submitted to BSC&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a></p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Our results suggest that selected octogenarians with NSCLC&#44; regardless of age&#44; may benefit from specific anticancer treatment&#46; Thus&#44; a multidisciplinary assessment is recommended&#46; Further studies are warranted to provide an optimal treatment approach for octogenarians&#46;</p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare&#46;</p></span></span>"
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