Asthma and rhinitis have different genetic profiles for IL13, IL17A and GSTP1 polymorphisms

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"apellidos" => "Silva" "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "d" "identificador" => "aff0020" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:5 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Genetics Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Immunoallergology Department, Coimbra University Hospital, Portugal" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 2 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Laboratory of General Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal" "etiqueta" => "c" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] 3 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "CIMAGO – Centre of Investigation of Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology, Coimbra, Portugal" "etiqueta" => "d" "identificador" => "aff0020" ] 4 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Laboratory for Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal" "etiqueta" => "e" "identificador" => "aff0025" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "IntroductionAsthma and asthma-related disorders, such as sinusitis and rhinitis, are complex diseases with strong genetic and environmental components.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0265">1</a> Over the last decades their prevalence has been increasing worldwide, with a significant economic impact on health services.Asthma is a common chronic inflammatory disease of the lower airways, characterized by reversible airflow obstruction, inflammation, persistent hyper-reactivity and airway remodeling.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0270">2</a> Rhinitis is an upper airways inflammatory disease, often associated with asthma<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0275">3</a> and have been recognized as a risk factor for its development and severity.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0280">4</a>Genetic contribution to these phenotypes may account for 50–60%,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0285">5,6</a> so dissecting genetic susceptible profiles may provide insight into the pathogenesis, allowing us to identify different sub-phenotypes and also contribute to finding new targeted therapies.An increasing number of asthma susceptibility loci are continuously being identified, either by candidate gene studies or, more recently, by microarray-based whole genome approach, the genome-wide association (GWA) studies. Results are hampered by difficulties common to other complex diseases: inconsistent replication of results, functional association between identified loci and phenotype is not obvious, and most of all, allele penetrance is low and phenotype variance largely remains to be explained.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0295">7–10</a> Most marker SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) are localized in or near-by genes encoding proteins directly or indirectly involved in immunologic response. Recently, GWAs have revealed that different allergic diseases with common immunological physiopathology, also share susceptibility loci.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0310">10</a>Interleukin-4 (IL4) mediates important pro-inflammatory functions in allergic phenotypes and has principle responsibility for the IgE isotype switch by B lymphocytes.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0315">11</a> IL4 is also involved in T helper type 2 (TH2) lymphocytes activation, induction of endothelium modifications, hypersecretion of mucus and with lung remodeling in chronic asthma.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0315">11</a> IL4 action is mediated through activation of its receptor IL4R, a cell-surface heterodimeric complex.Interleukin-13 (IL13) is one of the cytokines released by IL4 mediated Th2 induced cells and shares most of IL4 functions. IL13 production in the airway promotes the survival and migration of eosinophils, activation of macrophages, increased permeability and mucus production by airway epithelial cells and stimulates airways hyperresponsiveness.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0320">12</a> Huang et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0325">13</a> found that asthmatic and rhinitis patients submitted to allergen-challenge had a significant enhancement of IL13 gene expression at mRNA and protein levels in bronchoalveolar lavage samples compared with the saline-challenged control sites.Interleukin-17A (IL17A) is the best studied member of IL17 family of cytokines. It is mainly produced by activated T cells. Signaling through activation NF-kappaB and mitogen-activated protein kinases, IL17A regulates local tissue inflammation inducing the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, neutrophil-recruiting chemokines, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) and nitric oxide (NO). IL17A may also modulate the activation and proliferation of B cells, thus enhancing IgE production and has been associated with airway hyperresponsiveness and remodeling.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0330">14,15</a>SNPs from IL4, IL4R and IL13 genes are among the polymorphisms most frequently implicated in susceptibility to asthma, rhinitis and allergic phenotypes in general,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0340">16</a> with some of these SNPs being associated with increased serum IgE levels.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0345">17,18</a> Up to now few studies are available on the association with genetic polymorphisms of IL17A family members.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0355">19–21</a>Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, originated from air pollutants or released by inflammatory cells and stressed bronchial epithelia, are major contributors to asthma and asthma related phenotypes.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0370">22</a> Glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs) are enzymes involved in the cellular detoxification of free radicals. A missense SNP in Glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1), rs1695 (p.Ile105Val), has been associated with differences in enzyme activity and susceptibility to environmental-induced diseases, including asthma, but results remain controversial.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0375">23,24</a>Frequencies of DNA polymorphisms vary between populations of diverse ethnical origins, as their contributions to complex diseases, therefore, it is important to study different populations. In this study we evaluate the role of IL4R rs1805015, IL13 rs20541, IL17A rs2275913 and GSTP1 rs1695 in the susceptibility to asthma and rhinitis in an adult population of Portuguese ancestry.Materials and methodsClinical samplesThis case–control study comprises 424 non related Caucasian Portuguese individuals, including 232 patients and 192 controls, randomly selected from a larger sample that answered a home inquiry about symptoms of asthma, rhinitis and sinusitis. Individuals willing to participate were than observed at the Immunoallergology Department of Coimbra University Hospitals.The patient population was subdivided into two groups, according to the clinical diagnosis, using ARIA (Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact On Asthma),<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0280">4</a> GINA (Global Initiative for Asthma)<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0270">2</a> and EP3OS (European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps 2007)<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0385">25</a> criteria: one group including patients with rhinitis but no asthma and another group including patients with persistent asthma, which could also have rhinitis. As explained in “Results” section, patients with both rhinitis and asthma were grouped with those who only had asthma. Controls had no symptoms related to respiratory system and no history of any allergic disease. Other known inflammatory or chronic conditions, including cancer, were exclusion criteria for both patients and controls. A skin prick test for 17 different inhalant allergens, selected according to the recommendations of the GA2LEN (Global Asthma and Allergy European Network),<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0390">26</a> was performed on all patients and those who had at least one positive result were considered allergic. The test was considered positive when wheal diameter was ≥3mm and controls showed sufficient reaction.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0390">26</a> Participants were considered allergic only in the presence of both symptoms and a positive skin prick test. The local ethics committee approved the study and patients provided informed consent.GenotypingDNA was extracted from 5ml of frozen peripheral blood by standard methods. Characterization of the four SNPs was achieved by real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using the TaqMan assays (Applied Biosystems), iQTM Supermix (Bio-Rad Laboratories) and 10–30ng of DNA, in a 7500 Fast Real-Time PCR System (Applied Biosystems). As positive controls, we used samples previously genotyped by automatic sequencing in an AbiPrism 3130 Genetic Analyser using BD v1.1 (Applied Biosystems) and Sequencing Analysis Software v5.2. The description of the four SNPs, the primers used in sequencing and TaqMan assay references are depicted in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>.<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia>Statistical analysisStatistical analysis was developed using the IBM® program SPSS® (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) version 20. Fisher exact-test, χ2 was applied to analyze the difference between the three groups. Logistic regression models were used to control for potential confounders and to evaluate the associations between the risk of disease and genetic polymorphisms. All odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were adjusted for age, sex and smoking habits and p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. When comparing rhinitis and asthma patients, ORs were also adjusted for atopy.ResultsA preliminary analysis revealed that for distribution of SNP variants, smoking habits and atopy (positive skin prick test results), there were no statistically significant differences between patients associating asthma and rhinitis and patients only with asthma (Supplementary Table 1). For this reason, and because asthma is considered a more aggressive phenotype, the two groups were joined together, so patients were further on classified as having rhinitis or asthma, as described in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>. The cohort of 83 patients with rhinitis had a mean age of 48.50 years (SD=15.17) and 63.9% females. The group of 149 asthmatic patients was younger, with a mean age of 39.32 years (SD=14.04) and 66.4% were females. The control group had a mean age of 56.06 years (SD=19.48) and 52.1% females. According to results of skin prick test, allergy was more frequent among asthmatic patients (78.5%; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>).<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia>The Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium was verified for the four polymorphisms (p>0.05). The frequency of GSTP1 rs1695 AA genotype was significantly higher in patients with asthma than in controls (49.0% vs. 33.9%; OR – 1.96, 95% CI – 1.18 to 3.25; p=0.010) (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a>). When only considering patients with allergic asthma (data not shown) results were similar (OR – 2.17, 95% CI – 1.23 to 3.80; p=0.007). IL13 rs20541 GG genotype was significantly less prevalent in asthma cases (62.6%) than in controls (70.8%) (OR – 0.55, 95% CI – 0.33 to 0.94; p=0.028) (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a>).<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia>Among patients, IL13 rs20541 GG genotype was less frequently associated with asthma than with rhinitis (OR – 0.48, 95% CI – 0.25 to 0.93; p=0.031)(<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0020">Table 4</a>). The IL17A rs2275913 AA genotype was also significantly less frequent in asthmatic patients (5.4%) than in rhinitis patients (16.9%)(OR – 0.20, 95% CI – 0.07 to 0.56; p=0.002) (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0020">Table 4</a>).<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0020"></elsevierMultimedia>For IL4R rs1805015, there were no significant differences in the distribution of allelic and genotypic frequencies between patients and controls (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a>) or between the two disease phenotypes (data not shown).DiscussionIn this work we evaluate the role of polymorphisms of four genes, IL4R, IL13, IL17A, and GSTP1 in the susceptibility to two related phenotypes, asthma and rhinitis.As expected,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0395">27</a> patients were mostly of female gender. In agreement with previous studies,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0400">28</a> our results suggest that most patients with asthma have allergen sensitization.Comparing patients and controls, GSTP1 rs1695 AA genotype conferred about twofold risk for developing asthma and allergic asthma. These results of a Portuguese population are in accordance with previous studies that have associated the A variant with a higher risk,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0405">29</a> or the G (Val) variant with a lower risk<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0410">30,31</a> to develop asthma and allergic phenotypes. Yet a meta-analysis<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0375">23</a> only suggested a possible, weak protective effect of the G (Val) allele. Like other authors, we found no evidence of a correlation between GSTP1 SNP and rhinitis.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0420">32</a>GSTs play important roles in airway antioxidant defenses<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0425">33</a> and GSTP1 enzyme contributes to more than 90% of GST-derived enzyme activity in human lung epithelium.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0430">34</a> The rs1695 SNP has been associated with differences in GSTP1 substrate affinities.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0435">35</a> A recent study<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0440">36</a> showed that asthma patients who have homozygosity for A (Ile) allele are more likely to be affected by air pollutants. These findings substantiate the functional relevance of the SNP,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0445">37</a> and support our results. Yet, we are aware that this genetic effect can be affected by environment-induced epigenetic modifications that influence gene expression and ultimately, the level of enzymatic activity.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0450">38,39</a> Epigenetic regulation is tissue-specific and may account for some of the differences in GSTP1 role between upper and lower airways.For IL13 SNP, our results suggest that homozygosity for G allele, corresponding to arginine (Arg) variant, may decrease susceptibility to asthma. IL13 polymorphisms have repeatedly being associated with increased IgE serum levels, allergy and asthma.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0340">16,40</a> The association of rs20541 with allergic rhinitis was reported in a recent meta-analysis of an Asian population.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0465">41</a>IL13 rs20541 (CAG>CGG) results in the non-conservative replacement of a neutral glutamine (Gln) for a positively charged arginine (Arg) in the IL13 α helix of D domain, the region that is thought to interact with IL4Rα/IL13Rα1 heterodimers.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0470">42</a> The A allele has been associated with increased IL13 expression<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0475">43</a> and a lower affinity for the IL13 receptor α2 chain (IL13Rα2), which is a decoy receptor that antagonizes inflammation and tissue remodeling.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0480">44</a> These observations point to a lower inflammatory activity of arginine variant (G allele) comparing with glutamine (A allele), supporting the association with a decreased susceptibility to asthma.In contrast to other studiess,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0345">17,41</a> we could not confirm the same correlations for rhinitis. The difference in results may be explained by the fact that upper airways patency is largely influenced by vascular tone, whereas in the lower airways, smooth muscle function is determinant.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0485">45</a> IL13 was shown to directly interfere with airway smooth muscle cell responsiveness by enhancing agonist-induced contractility and calcium signals, a mechanism that may be mediated by stromal interaction molecule-1 (STIM1), a sarcoplasmic reticulum protein involved in the regulation of intracellular Ca2+ concentrations.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0490">46</a>Comparing both groups of patients, IL17A rs2275913 AA genotype was less frequently associated with asthma than with rhinitis, reinforcing the difference between the genetic profiles of these phenotypes. This SNP is located in 5′ regulatory region, within a binding motif for the nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT), which is a critical regulator of the IL17A promoter. Peripheral blood level determination and gene reporter assays showed that the A variant was associated with increased levels of IL17A expression and displayed a higher affinity for NFAT.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0495">47</a>For rhinitis, our data concur with the functional relevance of A variant. IL17A is known to be a proinflammatory, leukocyte-derived cytokine that targets epithelial cells<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0500">48</a> and that seems to play a central role in rhinitis.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0330">14</a> IL17A expression in the nasal mucosa was associated with the pathophysiology of allergic rhinitis, including disease severity and local eosinophilia.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0505">49</a>In asthma, increased expression of IL17A has been described mainly in severe and non-allergic forms.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0510">50,51</a> The majority of patients included in our study had moderate asthma, which may account for the negative association observed with the higher inflammatory activity A allele. Reinforcing our results, Lei et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0520">52</a> describe similar serum levels of IL-17A between asthmatic and normal controls. Globally, controversial results have been published, with studies suggesting that different polymorphisms of IL17A and IL17F may contribute both to susceptibility or resistance to asthma or allergic rhinitis.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0355">19–21</a>No significant association was observed between IL4R rs1805015 polymorphism with rhinitis or asthma. Although this association was confirmed in recent GWA studies,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0305">9</a> contradictory reports exist and results frequently differ between populations.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0340">16,18</a>The difference in results between our data and some previous reports is a common issue in complex disease research. Differences in population genetic backgrounds, in sample size and selection, phenotype classification, in environmental exposure and epigenetic mechanisms, contribute to the results divergence.To overcome limitations of this study, in future work it will be important to enlarge the population samples to be analyzed and to define more specific and homogeneous phenotypes.ConclusionsWe describe the existence of a significant association between GSTP1 rs1695 and IL13 rs20541 polymorphisms, respectively with higher and reduced susceptibility to asthma. For patients that develop reactive inflammatory respiratory diseases, IL17A rs2275913 and IL13 rs20541 polymorphisms influence the predominant upper airways (rhinitis) or lower airways (asthma) clinical pattern. These results also support the hypothesis that the genetic susceptibility profiles of asthma and isolate chronic rhinitis are not equivalent.Ethical disclosuresProtection of human and animal subjectsThe authors declare that no experiments were performed on humans or animals for this study.Confidentiality of dataThe authors declare that they have followed the protocols of their work center on the publication of patient data.Right to privacy and informed consentThe authors have obtained the written informed consent of the patients or subjects mentioned in the article. The corresponding author is in possession of this document.Conflicts of interestNone of the authors have any conflicts of interest to declare." "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:11 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres792775" "titulo" => "Abstract" "secciones" => array:5 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" "titulo" => "Background" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Purpose" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Methods" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Results" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0025" "titulo" => "Conclusion" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec791266" "titulo" => "Keywords" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 3 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Materials and methods" "secciones" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "Clinical samples" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0020" "titulo" => "Genotyping" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0025" "titulo" => "Statistical analysis" ] ] ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0030" "titulo" => "Results" ] 5 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0035" "titulo" => "Discussion" ] 6 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0040" "titulo" => "Conclusions" ] 7 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0045" "titulo" => "Ethical disclosures" "secciones" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0050" "titulo" => "Protection of human and animal subjects" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0055" "titulo" => "Confidentiality of data" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0060" "titulo" => "Right to privacy and informed consent" ] ] ] 8 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0065" "titulo" => "Conflicts of interest" ] 9 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xack265521" "titulo" => "Acknowledgement" ] 10 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2016-03-29" "fechaAceptado" => "2016-06-27" "PalabrasClave" => array:1 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec791266" "palabras" => array:9 [ 0 => "Asthma" 1 => "Rhinitis" 2 => "Allergy" 3 => "IL4R" 4 => "IL13" 5 => "IL17A" 6 => "GSTP1" 7 => "Genetic polymorphism" 8 => "Genetic profile" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:1 [ "en" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "BackgroundAsthma and rhinitis have a complex etiology, depending on multiple genetic and environmental risk factors. An increasing number of susceptibility genes are currently being identified, but the majority of reported associations have not been consistently replicated across populations of different genetic backgrounds. PurposeTo evaluate whether polymorphisms of IL4R (rs1805015), IL13 (rs20541), IL17A (rs2275913) and GSTP1 (rs1695) genes are associated with rhinitis and/or asthma in adults of Portuguese ancestry. Methods192 unrelated healthy individuals and 232 patients, 83 with rhinitis and 149 with asthma, were studied. All polymorphisms were detected by real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using TaqMan assays. ResultsComparing to controls, significant association with asthma was observed for GSTP1 rs1695 AA genotype (odds ratio (OR) – 1.96; 95% CI – 1.18 to 3.25; p=0.010). The association sustains for allergic asthma (OR – 2.17; 95% CI – 1.23 to 3.80; p=0.007). IL13 rs20541 GG genotype was associated with less susceptibility to asthma (OR – 0.55, 95% CI – 0.33 to 0.94, p=0.028). Among patients, IL17A rs2275913 AA genotype was less associated with asthma than with rhinitis (OR – 0.20; 95% CI of 0.07 to 0.56; p=0.002). A similar association was found for IL13 rs20541 GG genotype (OR – 0.48; 95% CI of 0.25 to 0.93; p=0.031). There were no significant differences in the distribution of allelic and genotypic frequencies between patients and controls for the IL4R polymorphism’ analyzed. ConclusionThese results support the existence of a significant association between GSTP1 rs1695 and IL13 rs20541 SNPs, with susceptibility to asthma, in the population studied. Different genotype profiles of IL17A and IL13 genes seem to influence the clinical pattern of disease expression mainly confined to the upper airways, as rhinitis, or including the lower airways, as asthma." "secciones" => array:5 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" "titulo" => "Background" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Purpose" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Methods" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Results" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0025" "titulo" => "Conclusion" ] ] ] ] "apendice" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "apendice" => "<elsevierMultimedia ident="upi0005"></elsevierMultimedia>" "etiqueta" => "Appendix A" "titulo" => "Supplementary data" "identificador" => "sec0080" ] ] ] ] "multimedia" => array:5 [ 0 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0005" "etiqueta" => "Table 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at1" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Gene \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">SNP \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Primer sequence<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005">a</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">TaqMan assay ID \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">IL4R \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">rs1805015; TCC>CCC missense (p.Ser503Pro) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">F 5′ ATGCCTTCTTCCACCTTC R 5′ CATCTCGGGTTCTACTTCC \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">C__8903092_20 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">IL13 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">rs20541; CAG>CGG missense (p.Gln144Arg) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">F 5′ CCGTGAGGACTGAATGAG R 5′ CACAGGCTGAGGTCTAAG \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">C__2259921_20 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">IL17A \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">rs2275913; −197G>A<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010">b</a> (regulatory region) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">F 5′ ATGACACCAGAAGACCTAC R 5′ TGTGCCTGCTATGAGATG \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">C__15879983_10 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">GSTP1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">rs1695; ATC>GTC missense (p.Ile105Val) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">F 5′ TGTGGCAGTCTCTCATCC R 5′ GCAGGTTGTGTCTTGTCC \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">C__3237198_20 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab1325754.png" ] ] ] "notaPie" => array:2 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tblfn0005" "etiqueta" => "a" "nota" => "Primers used in genotyping by sequencing." ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tblfn0010" "etiqueta" => "b" "nota" => "NM_002190.2:c−197G>A." ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "SNPs evaluated." ] ] 1 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0010" "etiqueta" => "Table 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at2" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Rhinitis n=83 (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Asthma n=149 (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Controls n=192 (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">p-Value \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top">Gender</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Male \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">30 (36.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">50 (33.6) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">92 (47.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">0.005</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Female \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">53 (63.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">99 (66.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">100 (52.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top">Age (years)</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Mean (SD) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">48.50 (15.17) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">39.32 (14.04) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">56.06 (19.48) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top">Smoking habits</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">No smoking \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">54 (65.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">104 (71.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">121 (64.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">NS</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Smoking \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">28 (34.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">42 (28.8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">67 (35.6) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Skin test positive<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015">a</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">40 (48.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">117 (78.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">NA \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab1325753.png" ] ] ] "notaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tblfn0015" "etiqueta" => "a" "nota" => "Test with at least one positive result. NA – not available. SD – standard deviation. NS – without statistical significance." ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Characteristics of patients and controls." ] ] 2 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0015" "etiqueta" => "Table 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at3" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Controls n (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Rhinitis n (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">p-Value<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0020">a</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Asthma n (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">p-Value<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0025">b</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">AdjOR<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0030">c</a>,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0025">b</a> (95% CI) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="7" align="left" valign="top">GSTP1 rs1695</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Ile/Ile (AA) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">65 (33.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">35 (42.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.260 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">73 (49.0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.010 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.96 (1.18–3.25) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Ile/Val (AG) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">97 (50.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">40 (48.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.849 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">61 (40.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.418 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Val/Val (GG) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">30 (15.6) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">8 (9.6) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.202 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">15 (10.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.418 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="7" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="7" align="left" valign="top">IL13 rs20541</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Arg/Arg (GG) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">136 (70.8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">60 (73.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.686 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">92 (62.6) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.028 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.55 (0.33–0.94) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Gln/Arg (AG) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">52 (27.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">20 (24.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.694 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">50 (34.0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.908 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Gln/Gln (AA) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">4 (2.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2 (2.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.948 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">5 (3.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.908 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="7" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="7" align="left" valign="top">IL17 rs2275913</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">GG \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">94 (49.0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">28 (33.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.068 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">69 (46.6) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.552 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">AG \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">81 (42.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">41 (49.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.532 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">71 (48.0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.978 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">AA \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">17 (8.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">14 (16.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.072 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">8 (5.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.230 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="7" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="7" align="left" valign="top">IL4R rs1805015</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Ser/Ser (TT) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">140 (73.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">65 (78.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.374 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">115 (77.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.939 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Ser/Pro (TC) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">43 (22.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">15 (18.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.447 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">30 (20.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.614 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Pro/Pro (CC) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">8 (4.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">3 (3.6) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.707 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">4 (2.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.199 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab1325755.png" ] ] ] "notaPie" => array:3 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tblfn0020" "etiqueta" => "a" "nota" => "Controls vs rhinitis" ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tblfn0025" "etiqueta" => "b" "nota" => "Controls vs asthma" ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tblfn0030" "etiqueta" => "c" "nota" => "AdjOR – Adjusted Odds Ratio for age, gender and smoking habits." ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Comparative study of genotypic frequencies in controls and patients." ] ] 3 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0020" "etiqueta" => "Table 4" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at4" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Rhinitis n (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Asthma n (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">p-Value \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">AdjOR (95% CI)<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0035">a</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top">IL13 rs20541</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Arg/Arg (GG) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">60 (73.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">92 (62.6) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.031 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.48 (0.25–0.93) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Gln/Arg (AG) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">20 (24.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">50 (34.0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.797 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Gln/Gln (AA) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2 (2.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">5 (3.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.797 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top">IL17 rs2275913</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">GG \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">28 (33.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">69 (46.6) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.97 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">AG \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">41 (49.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">71 (48.0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.97 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">AA \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">14 (16.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">8 (5.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.002 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.20 (0.07–0.56) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab1325756.png" ] ] ] "notaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tblfn0035" "etiqueta" => "a" "nota" => "AdjOR – Adjusted Odds Ratio for age, gender, atopy and smoking habits. 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Original article

Asthma and rhinitis have different genetic profiles for IL13, IL17A and GSTP1 polymorphisms

E.P. Resendea,

Corresponding author

eresende@fmed.uc.pt

Corresponding author.

, A. Todo-Bomb,d, C. Loureirob, A. Mota Pintoc,d, B. Oliveirose, L. Mesquitaa, H.C. Silvaa,d

a Genetics Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal

b Immunoallergology Department, Coimbra University Hospital, Portugal

c Laboratory of General Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal

d CIMAGO – Centre of Investigation of Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology, Coimbra, Portugal

e Laboratory for Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal

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often associated with asthma<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0275"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> and have been recognized as a risk factor for its development and severity&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0280"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Genetic contribution to these phenotypes may account for 50&#8211;60&#37;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0285"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#44;6</span></a> so dissecting genetic susceptible profiles may provide insight into the pathogenesis&#44; allowing us to identify different sub-phenotypes and also contribute to finding new targeted therapies&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">An increasing number of asthma susceptibility loci are continuously being identified&#44; either by candidate gene studies or&#44; more recently&#44; by microarray-based whole genome approach&#44; the genome-wide association &#40;GWA&#41; studies&#46; Results are hampered by difficulties common to other complex diseases&#58; inconsistent replication of results&#44; functional association between identified loci and phenotype is not obvious&#44; and most of all&#44; allele penetrance is low and phenotype variance largely remains to be explained&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0295"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7&#8211;10</span></a> Most marker SNPs &#40;single nucleotide polymorphisms&#41; are localized in or near-by genes encoding proteins directly or indirectly involved in immunologic response&#46; Recently&#44; GWAs have revealed that different allergic diseases with common immunological physiopathology&#44; also share susceptibility loci&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0310"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a></p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Interleukin-4 &#40;IL4&#41; mediates important pro-inflammatory functions in allergic phenotypes and has principle responsibility for the IgE isotype switch by B lymphocytes&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0315"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> IL4 is also involved in T helper type 2 &#40;TH2&#41; lymphocytes activation&#44; induction of endothelium modifications&#44; hypersecretion of mucus and with lung remodeling in chronic asthma&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0315"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> IL4 action is mediated through activation of its receptor IL4R&#44; a cell-surface heterodimeric complex&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Interleukin-13 &#40;IL13&#41; is one of the cytokines released by IL4 mediated Th2 induced cells and shares most of IL4 functions&#46; IL13 production in the airway promotes the survival and migration of eosinophils&#44; activation of macrophages&#44; increased permeability and mucus production by airway epithelial cells and stimulates airways hyperresponsiveness&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0320"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> Huang et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0325"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> found that asthmatic and rhinitis patients submitted to allergen-challenge had a significant enhancement of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">IL13</span> gene expression at mRNA and protein levels in bronchoalveolar lavage samples compared with the saline-challenged control sites&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Interleukin-17A &#40;IL17A&#41; is the best studied member of IL17 family of cytokines&#46; It is mainly produced by activated T cells&#46; Signaling through activation NF-kappaB and mitogen-activated protein kinases&#44; IL17A regulates local tissue inflammation inducing the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines&#44; neutrophil-recruiting chemokines&#44; cyclooxygenase-2 &#40;COX2&#41; and nitric oxide &#40;NO&#41;&#46; IL17A may also modulate the activation and proliferation of B cells&#44; thus enhancing IgE production and has been associated with airway hyperresponsiveness and remodeling&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0330"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14&#44;15</span></a></p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">SNPs from <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">IL4</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">IL4R</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">IL13</span> genes are among the polymorphisms most frequently implicated in susceptibility to asthma&#44; rhinitis and allergic phenotypes in general&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0340"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a> with some of these SNPs being associated with increased serum IgE levels&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0345"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17&#44;18</span></a> Up to now few studies are available on the association with genetic polymorphisms of IL17A family members&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0355"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19&#8211;21</span></a></p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species&#44; originated from air pollutants or released by inflammatory cells and stressed bronchial epithelia&#44; are major contributors to asthma and asthma related phenotypes&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0370"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a> Glutathione-S-transferases &#40;GSTs&#41; are enzymes involved in the cellular detoxification of free radicals&#46; A missense SNP in Glutathione S-transferase P1 &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">GSTP1</span>&#41;&#44; rs1695 &#40;p&#46;Ile105Val&#41;&#44; has been associated with differences in enzyme activity and susceptibility to environmental-induced diseases&#44; including asthma&#44; but results remain controversial&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0375"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23&#44;24</span></a></p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Frequencies of DNA polymorphisms vary between populations of diverse ethnical origins&#44; as their contributions to complex diseases&#44; therefore&#44; it is important to study different populations&#46; In this study we evaluate the role of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">IL4R</span> rs1805015&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">IL13</span> rs20541&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">IL17A</span> rs2275913 and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">GSTP1</span> rs1695 in the susceptibility to asthma and rhinitis in an adult population of Portuguese ancestry&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Materials and methods</span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Clinical samples</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This case&#8211;control study comprises 424 non related Caucasian Portuguese individuals&#44; including 232 patients and 192 controls&#44; randomly selected from a larger sample that answered a home inquiry about symptoms of asthma&#44; rhinitis and sinusitis&#46; Individuals willing to participate were than observed at the Immunoallergology Department of Coimbra University Hospitals&#46;</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The patient population was subdivided into two groups&#44; according to the clinical diagnosis&#44; using ARIA &#40;Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact On Asthma&#41;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0280"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> GINA &#40;Global Initiative for Asthma&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0270"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> and EP3OS &#40;European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps 2007&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0385"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span></a> criteria&#58; one group including patients with rhinitis but no asthma and another group including patients with persistent asthma&#44; which could also have rhinitis&#46; As explained in &#8220;Results&#8221; section&#44; patients with both rhinitis and asthma were grouped with those who only had asthma&#46; Controls had no symptoms related to respiratory system and no history of any allergic disease&#46; Other known inflammatory or chronic conditions&#44; including cancer&#44; were exclusion criteria for both patients and controls&#46; A skin prick test for 17 different inhalant allergens&#44; selected according to the recommendations of the GA2LEN &#40;Global Asthma and Allergy European Network&#41;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0390"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span></a> was performed on all patients and those who had at least one positive result were considered allergic&#46; The test was considered positive when wheal diameter was &#8805;3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm and controls showed sufficient reaction&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0390"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span></a> Participants were considered allergic only in the presence of both symptoms and a positive skin prick test&#46; The local ethics committee approved the study and patients provided informed consent&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0055">Genotyping</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">DNA was extracted from 5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml of frozen peripheral blood by standard methods&#46; Characterization of the four SNPs was achieved by real time polymerase chain reaction &#40;PCR&#41; using the TaqMan assays &#40;Applied Biosystems&#41;&#44; iQTM Supermix &#40;Bio-Rad Laboratories&#41; and 10&#8211;30<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ng of DNA&#44; in a 7500 Fast Real-Time PCR System &#40;Applied Biosystems&#41;&#46; As positive controls&#44; we used samples previously genotyped by automatic sequencing in an AbiPrism 3130 Genetic Analyser using BD v1&#46;1 &#40;Applied Biosystems&#41; and Sequencing Analysis Software v5&#46;2&#46; The description of the four SNPs&#44; the primers used in sequencing and TaqMan assay references are depicted in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0060">Statistical analysis</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Statistical analysis was developed using the IBM<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span> program SPSS<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span> &#40;Statistical Package for Social Sciences&#41; version 20&#46; Fisher exact-test&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#967;</span><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> was applied to analyze the difference between the three groups&#46; Logistic regression models were used to control for potential confounders and to evaluate the associations between the risk of disease and genetic polymorphisms&#46; All odds ratios &#40;ORs&#41; with 95&#37; confidence intervals &#40;CI&#41; were adjusted for age&#44; sex and smoking habits and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05 was considered statistically significant&#46; When comparing rhinitis and asthma patients&#44; ORs were also adjusted for atopy&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Results</span><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A preliminary analysis revealed that for distribution of SNP variants&#44; smoking habits and atopy &#40;positive skin prick test results&#41;&#44; there were no statistically significant differences between patients associating asthma and rhinitis and patients only with asthma &#40;Supplementary Table 1&#41;&#46; For this reason&#44; and because asthma is considered a more aggressive phenotype&#44; the two groups were joined together&#44; so patients were further on classified as having rhinitis or asthma&#44; as described in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>&#46; The cohort of 83 patients with rhinitis had a mean age of 48&#46;50 years &#40;SD<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>15&#46;17&#41; and 63&#46;9&#37; females&#46; The group of 149 asthmatic patients was younger&#44; with a mean age of 39&#46;32 years &#40;SD<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>14&#46;04&#41; and 66&#46;4&#37; were females&#46; The control group had a mean age of 56&#46;06 years &#40;SD<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>19&#46;48&#41; and 52&#46;1&#37; females&#46; According to results of skin prick test&#44; allergy was more frequent among asthmatic patients &#40;78&#46;5&#37;&#59; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The Hardy&#8211;Weinberg equilibrium was verified for the four polymorphisms &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#41;&#46; The frequency of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">GSTP1</span> rs1695 AA genotype was significantly higher in patients with asthma than in controls &#40;49&#46;0&#37; vs&#46; 33&#46;9&#37;&#59; OR &#8211; 1&#46;96&#44; 95&#37; CI &#8211; 1&#46;18 to 3&#46;25&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;010&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a>&#41;&#46; When only considering patients with allergic asthma &#40;data not shown&#41; results were similar &#40;OR &#8211; 2&#46;17&#44; 95&#37; CI &#8211; 1&#46;23 to 3&#46;80&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;007&#41;&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">IL13</span> rs20541 GG genotype was significantly less prevalent in asthma cases &#40;62&#46;6&#37;&#41; than in controls &#40;70&#46;8&#37;&#41; &#40;OR &#8211; 0&#46;55&#44; 95&#37; CI &#8211; 0&#46;33 to 0&#46;94&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;028&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Among patients&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">IL13</span> rs20541 GG genotype was less frequently associated with asthma than with rhinitis &#40;OR &#8211; 0&#46;48&#44; 95&#37; CI &#8211; 0&#46;25 to 0&#46;93&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;031&#41;&#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0020">Table 4</a>&#41;&#46; The <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">IL17A</span> rs2275913 AA genotype was also significantly less frequent in asthmatic patients &#40;5&#46;4&#37;&#41; than in rhinitis patients &#40;16&#46;9&#37;&#41;&#40;OR &#8211; 0&#46;20&#44; 95&#37; CI &#8211; 0&#46;07 to 0&#46;56&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;002&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0020">Table 4</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0020"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">For <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">IL4R</span> rs1805015&#44; there were no significant differences in the distribution of allelic and genotypic frequencies between patients and controls &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a>&#41; or between the two disease phenotypes &#40;data not shown&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Discussion</span><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In this work we evaluate the role of polymorphisms of four genes&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">IL4R</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">IL13</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">IL17A</span>&#44; and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">GSTP1</span> in the susceptibility to two related phenotypes&#44; asthma and rhinitis&#46;</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As expected&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0395"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27</span></a> patients were mostly of female gender&#46; In agreement with previous studies&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0400"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28</span></a> our results suggest that most patients with asthma have allergen sensitization&#46;</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Comparing patients and controls&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">GSTP1</span> rs1695 AA genotype conferred about twofold risk for developing asthma and allergic asthma&#46; These results of a Portuguese population are in accordance with previous studies that have associated the A variant with a higher risk&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0405"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29</span></a> or the G &#40;Val&#41; variant with a lower risk<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0410"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30&#44;31</span></a> to develop asthma and allergic phenotypes&#46; Yet a meta-analysis<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0375"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a> only suggested a possible&#44; weak protective effect of the G &#40;Val&#41; allele&#46; Like other authors&#44; we found no evidence of a correlation between <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">GSTP1</span> SNP and rhinitis&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0420"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">32</span></a></p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">GSTs play important roles in airway antioxidant defenses<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0425"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">33</span></a> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">GSTP1</span> enzyme contributes to more than 90&#37; of GST-derived enzyme activity in human lung epithelium&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0430"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">34</span></a> The rs1695 SNP has been associated with differences in GSTP1 substrate affinities&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0435"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">35</span></a> A recent study<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0440"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">36</span></a> showed that asthma patients who have homozygosity for A &#40;Ile&#41; allele are more likely to be affected by air pollutants&#46; These findings substantiate the functional relevance of the SNP&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0445"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">37</span></a> and support our results&#46; Yet&#44; we are aware that this genetic effect can be affected by environment-induced epigenetic modifications that influence gene expression and ultimately&#44; the level of enzymatic activity&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0450"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">38&#44;39</span></a> Epigenetic regulation is tissue-specific and may account for some of the differences in GSTP1 role between upper and lower airways&#46;</p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">For <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">IL13</span> SNP&#44; our results suggest that homozygosity for G allele&#44; corresponding to arginine &#40;Arg&#41; variant&#44; may decrease susceptibility to asthma&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">IL13</span> polymorphisms have repeatedly being associated with increased IgE serum levels&#44; allergy and asthma&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0340"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16&#44;40</span></a> The association of rs20541 with allergic rhinitis was reported in a recent meta-analysis of an Asian population&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0465"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">41</span></a></p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">IL13</span> rs20541 &#40;C<span class="elsevierStyleBold">A</span>G&#62;C<span class="elsevierStyleBold">G</span>G&#41; results in the non-conservative replacement of a neutral glutamine &#40;Gln&#41; for a positively charged arginine &#40;Arg&#41; in the IL13 &#945; helix of D domain&#44; the region that is thought to interact with IL4R&#945;&#47;IL13R&#945;1 heterodimers&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0470"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">42</span></a> The A allele has been associated with increased IL13 expression<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0475"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">43</span></a> and a lower affinity for the IL13 receptor &#945;2 chain &#40;IL13R&#945;2&#41;&#44; which is a decoy receptor that antagonizes inflammation and tissue remodeling&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0480"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">44</span></a> These observations point to a lower inflammatory activity of arginine variant &#40;G allele&#41; comparing with glutamine &#40;A allele&#41;&#44; supporting the association with a decreased susceptibility to asthma&#46;</p><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In contrast to other studiess&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0345"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17&#44;41</span></a> we could not confirm the same correlations for rhinitis&#46; The difference in results may be explained by the fact that upper airways patency is largely influenced by vascular tone&#44; whereas in the lower airways&#44; smooth muscle function is determinant&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0485"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">45</span></a> IL13 was shown to directly interfere with airway smooth muscle cell responsiveness by enhancing agonist-induced contractility and calcium signals&#44; a mechanism that may be mediated by stromal interaction molecule-1 &#40;STIM1&#41;&#44; a sarcoplasmic reticulum protein involved in the regulation of intracellular Ca<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#43;</span> concentrations&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0490"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">46</span></a></p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Comparing both groups of patients&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">IL17A</span> rs2275913 AA genotype was less frequently associated with asthma than with rhinitis&#44; reinforcing the difference between the genetic profiles of these phenotypes&#46; This SNP is located in 5&#8242; regulatory region&#44; within a binding motif for the nuclear factor of activated T cells &#40;NFAT&#41;&#44; which is a critical regulator of the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">IL17A</span> promoter&#46; Peripheral blood level determination and gene reporter assays showed that the A variant was associated with increased levels of IL17A expression and displayed a higher affinity for NFAT&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0495"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">47</span></a></p><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">For rhinitis&#44; our data concur with the functional relevance of A variant&#46; IL17A is known to be a proinflammatory&#44; leukocyte-derived cytokine that targets epithelial cells<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0500"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">48</span></a> and that seems to play a central role in rhinitis&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0330"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a> IL17A expression in the nasal mucosa was associated with the pathophysiology of allergic rhinitis&#44; including disease severity and local eosinophilia&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0505"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">49</span></a></p><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In asthma&#44; increased expression of IL17A has been described mainly in severe and non-allergic forms&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0510"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">50&#44;51</span></a> The majority of patients included in our study had moderate asthma&#44; which may account for the negative association observed with the higher inflammatory activity A allele&#46; Reinforcing our results&#44; Lei et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0520"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">52</span></a> describe similar serum levels of IL-17A between asthmatic and normal controls&#46; Globally&#44; controversial results have been published&#44; with studies suggesting that different polymorphisms of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">IL17A</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">IL17F</span> may contribute both to susceptibility or resistance to asthma or allergic rhinitis&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0355"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19&#8211;21</span></a></p><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">No significant association was observed between <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">IL4R</span> rs1805015 polymorphism with rhinitis or asthma&#46; Although this association was confirmed in recent GWA studies&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0305"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> contradictory reports exist and results frequently differ between populations&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0340"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16&#44;18</span></a></p><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The difference in results between our data and some previous reports is a common issue in complex disease research&#46; Differences in population genetic backgrounds&#44; in sample size and selection&#44; phenotype classification&#44; in environmental exposure and epigenetic mechanisms&#44; contribute to the results divergence&#46;</p><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">To overcome limitations of this study&#44; in future work it will be important to enlarge the population samples to be analyzed and to define more specific and homogeneous phenotypes&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Conclusions</span><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We describe the existence of a significant association between <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">GSTP1 rs1695</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">IL13</span> rs20541 polymorphisms&#44; respectively with higher and reduced susceptibility to asthma&#46; For patients that develop reactive inflammatory respiratory diseases&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">IL17A</span> rs2275913 and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">IL13</span> rs20541 polymorphisms influence the predominant upper airways &#40;rhinitis&#41; or lower airways &#40;asthma&#41; clinical pattern&#46; These results also support the hypothesis that the genetic susceptibility profiles of asthma and isolate chronic rhinitis are not equivalent&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Ethical disclosures</span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Protection of human and animal subjects</span><p id="par0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that no experiments were performed on humans or animals for this study&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Confidentiality of data</span><p id="par0170" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that they have followed the protocols of their work center on the publication of patient data&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0060" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Right to privacy and informed consent</span><p id="par0175" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors have obtained the written informed consent of the patients or subjects mentioned in the article&#46; The corresponding author is in possession of this document&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0065" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0180" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">None of the authors have any conflicts of interest to declare&#46;</p></span></span>"
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              "titulo" => "Background"
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              "titulo" => "Conclusion"
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          ]
        ]
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          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec791266"
          "titulo" => "Keywords"
        ]
        2 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0005"
          "titulo" => "Introduction"
        ]
        3 => array:3 [
          "identificador" => "sec0010"
          "titulo" => "Materials and methods"
          "secciones" => array:3 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0015"
              "titulo" => "Clinical samples"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0020"
              "titulo" => "Genotyping"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0025"
              "titulo" => "Statistical analysis"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        4 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0030"
          "titulo" => "Results"
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        5 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0035"
          "titulo" => "Discussion"
        ]
        6 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0040"
          "titulo" => "Conclusions"
        ]
        7 => array:3 [
          "identificador" => "sec0045"
          "titulo" => "Ethical disclosures"
          "secciones" => array:3 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0050"
              "titulo" => "Protection of human and animal subjects"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0055"
              "titulo" => "Confidentiality of data"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0060"
              "titulo" => "Right to privacy and informed consent"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        8 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0065"
          "titulo" => "Conflicts of interest"
        ]
        9 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "xack265521"
          "titulo" => "Acknowledgement"
        ]
        10 => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "References"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf"
    "tienePdf" => true
    "fechaRecibido" => "2016-03-29"
    "fechaAceptado" => "2016-06-27"
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      "en" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Keywords"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec791266"
          "palabras" => array:9 [
            0 => "Asthma"
            1 => "Rhinitis"
            2 => "Allergy"
            3 => "IL4R"
            4 => "IL13"
            5 => "IL17A"
            6 => "GSTP1"
            7 => "Genetic polymorphism"
            8 => "Genetic profile"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
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    "resumen" => array:1 [
      "en" => array:3 [
        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Background</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Asthma and rhinitis have a complex etiology&#44; depending on multiple genetic and environmental risk factors&#46; An increasing number of susceptibility genes are currently being identified&#44; but the majority of reported associations have not been consistently replicated across populations of different genetic backgrounds&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Purpose</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To evaluate whether polymorphisms of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">IL4R</span> &#40;rs1805015&#41;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">IL13</span> &#40;rs20541&#41;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">IL17A</span> &#40;rs2275913&#41; and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">GSTP1</span> &#40;rs1695&#41; genes are associated with rhinitis and&#47;or asthma in adults of Portuguese ancestry&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Methods</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">192 unrelated healthy individuals and 232 patients&#44; 83 with rhinitis and 149 with asthma&#44; were studied&#46; All polymorphisms were detected by real time polymerase chain reaction &#40;PCR&#41; using TaqMan assays&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Results</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Comparing to controls&#44; significant association with asthma was observed for <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">GSTP1</span> rs1695 AA genotype &#40;odds ratio &#40;OR&#41; &#8211; 1&#46;96&#59; 95&#37; CI &#8211; 1&#46;18 to 3&#46;25&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;010&#41;&#46; The association sustains for allergic asthma &#40;OR &#8211; 2&#46;17&#59; 95&#37; CI &#8211; 1&#46;23 to 3&#46;80&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;007&#41;&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">IL13</span> rs20541 GG genotype was associated with less susceptibility to asthma &#40;OR &#8211; 0&#46;55&#44; 95&#37; CI &#8211; 0&#46;33 to 0&#46;94&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;028&#41;&#46; Among patients&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">IL17A</span> rs2275913 AA genotype was less associated with asthma than with rhinitis &#40;OR &#8211; 0&#46;20&#59; 95&#37; CI of 0&#46;07 to 0&#46;56&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;002&#41;&#46; A similar association was found for <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">IL13</span> rs20541 GG genotype &#40;OR &#8211; 0&#46;48&#59; 95&#37; CI of 0&#46;25 to 0&#46;93&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;031&#41;&#46; There were no significant differences in the distribution of allelic and genotypic frequencies between patients and controls for the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">IL4R</span> polymorphism&#8217; analyzed&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Conclusion</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">These results support the existence of a significant association between <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">GSTP1</span> rs1695 and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">IL13</span> rs20541 SNPs&#44; with susceptibility to asthma&#44; in the population studied&#46; Different genotype profiles of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">IL17A</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">IL13</span> genes seem to influence the clinical pattern of disease expression mainly confined to the upper airways&#44; as rhinitis&#44; or including the lower airways&#44; as asthma&#46;</p></span>"
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            "apendice" => "<p id="par0200" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><elsevierMultimedia ident="upi0005"></elsevierMultimedia></p>"
            "etiqueta" => "Appendix A"
            "titulo" => "Supplementary data"
            "identificador" => "sec0080"
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                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Gene&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">SNP&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Primer sequence<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">TaqMan assay ID&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">IL4R</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">rs1805015&#59; TCC&#62;CCC<br>missense &#40;p&#46;Ser503Pro&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">F 5&#8242; ATGCCTTCTTCCACCTTC<br>R 5&#8242; CATCTCGGGTTCTACTTCC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">C&#95;&#95;8903092&#95;20&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">IL13</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">rs20541&#59; CAG&#62;CGG<br>missense &#40;p&#46;Gln144Arg&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">F 5&#8242; CCGTGAGGACTGAATGAG<br>R 5&#8242; CACAGGCTGAGGTCTAAG&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">C&#95;&#95;2259921&#95;20&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">IL17A</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">rs2275913&#59; &#8722;197G&#62;A<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a><br>&#40;regulatory region&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">F 5&#8242; ATGACACCAGAAGACCTAC<br>R 5&#8242; TGTGCCTGCTATGAGATG&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">C&#95;&#95;15879983&#95;10&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">GSTP1</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">rs1695&#59;<br>ATC&#62;GTC<br>missense &#40;p&#46;Ile105Val&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">F 5&#8242; TGTGGCAGTCTCTCATCC<br>R 5&#8242; GCAGGTTGTGTCTTGTCC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">C&#95;&#95;3237198&#95;20&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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              "etiqueta" => "a"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Primers used in genotyping by sequencing&#46;</p>"
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            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "tblfn0010"
              "etiqueta" => "b"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0010">NM&#95;002190&#46;2&#58;c&#8722;197G&#62;A&#46;</p>"
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        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">SNPs evaluated&#46;</p>"
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        "etiqueta" => "Table 2"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
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            "identificador" => "at2"
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              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Rhinitis<br><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>83 &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Asthma<br><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>149 &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Controls<br><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>192 &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>-Value&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Gender</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Male&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">30 &#40;36&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">50 &#40;33&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">92 &#40;47&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">0&#46;005</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Female&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">53 &#40;63&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">99 &#40;66&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">100 &#40;52&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Age &#40;years&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Mean &#40;SD&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">48&#46;50 &#40;15&#46;17&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">39&#46;32 &#40;14&#46;04&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">56&#46;06 &#40;19&#46;48&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#60;0&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Smoking habits</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No smoking&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">54 &#40;65&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">104 &#40;71&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">121 &#40;64&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">NS</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Smoking&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">28 &#40;34&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">42 &#40;28&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">67 &#40;35&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Skin test positive</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">40 &#40;48&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">117 &#40;78&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">NA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#60;0&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0015">Test with at least one positive result&#46;</p> <p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0020">NA &#8211; not available&#46;</p> <p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0025">SD &#8211; standard deviation&#46;</p> <p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0030">NS &#8211; without statistical significance&#46;</p>"
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                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Controls<br><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Rhinitis<br><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>-Value<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Asthma<br><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>-Value<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">AdjOR<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#44;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a><br>&#40;95&#37; CI&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="7" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">GSTP1 rs1695</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Ile&#47;Ile &#40;AA&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">65 &#40;33&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">35 &#40;42&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;260&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">73 &#40;49&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;010&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;96 &#40;1&#46;18&#8211;3&#46;25&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Ile&#47;Val &#40;AG&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">97 &#40;50&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">40 &#40;48&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;849&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">61 &#40;40&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;418&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Val&#47;Val &#40;GG&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">30 &#40;15&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">8 &#40;9&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;202&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">15 &#40;10&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;418&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="7" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="7" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">IL13 rs20541</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Arg&#47;Arg &#40;GG&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">136 &#40;70&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">60 &#40;73&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;686&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">92 &#40;62&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;028&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;55 &#40;0&#46;33&#8211;0&#46;94&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Gln&#47;Arg &#40;AG&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">52 &#40;27&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">20 &#40;24&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;694&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">50 &#40;34&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;908&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Gln&#47;Gln &#40;AA&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">4 &#40;2&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2 &#40;2&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;948&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">5 &#40;3&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;908&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="7" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="7" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">IL17 rs2275913</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>GG&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">94 &#40;49&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">28 &#40;33&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;068&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">69 &#40;46&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;552&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>AG&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">81 &#40;42&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">41 &#40;49&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;532&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">71 &#40;48&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;978&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>AA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">17 &#40;8&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">14 &#40;16&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;072&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">8 &#40;5&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;230&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="7" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="7" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">IL4R rs1805015</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Ser&#47;Ser &#40;TT&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">140 &#40;73&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">65 &#40;78&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;374&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">115 &#40;77&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;939&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Ser&#47;Pro &#40;TC&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">43 &#40;22&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">15 &#40;18&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;447&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">30 &#40;20&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;614&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Pro&#47;Pro &#40;CC&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3 &#40;3&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;707&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">4 &#40;2&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;199&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
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                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Rhinitis<br><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Asthma<br><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>-Value&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">AdjOR &#40;95&#37; CI&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">IL13 rs20541</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Arg&#47;Arg &#40;GG&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">60 &#40;73&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">92 &#40;62&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;031&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;48 &#40;0&#46;25&#8211;0&#46;93&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Gln&#47;Arg &#40;AG&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">20 &#40;24&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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Article information

ISSN: 21735115
Original language: English

DOI:10.1016/j.rppnen.2016.06.009

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