array:22 [
  "pii" => "X0873215915459661"
  "issn" => "08732159"
  "doi" => "10.1016/j.rppnen.2015.10.007"
  "estado" => "S300"
  "fechaPublicacion" => "2015-11-01"
  "documento" => "article"
  "licencia" => "http://www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/"
  "subdocumento" => "fla"
  "cita" => "Rev Port Pneumol. 2015;21:295-8"
  "abierto" => array:3 [
    "ES" => true
    "ES2" => true
    "LATM" => true
  ]
  "gratuito" => true
  "lecturas" => array:2 [
    "total" => 3968
    "formatos" => array:3 [
      "EPUB" => 246
      "HTML" => 2812
      "PDF" => 910
    ]
  ]
  "Traduccion" => array:1 [
    "en" => array:20 [
      "pii" => "S2173511515001566"
      "issn" => "21735115"
      "doi" => "10.1016/j.rppnen.2015.07.007"
      "estado" => "S300"
      "fechaPublicacion" => "2015-11-01"
      "aid" => "1086"
      "copyright" => "Sociedade Portuguesa de Pneumologia"
      "documento" => "article"
      "crossmark" => 1
      "licencia" => "http://www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/"
      "subdocumento" => "fla"
      "cita" => "Rev Port Pneumol. 2015;21:307-13"
      "abierto" => array:3 [
        "ES" => true
        "ES2" => true
        "LATM" => true
      ]
      "gratuito" => true
      "lecturas" => array:2 [
        "total" => 1541
        "formatos" => array:3 [
          "EPUB" => 219
          "HTML" => 793
          "PDF" => 529
        ]
      ]
      "en" => array:11 [
        "idiomaDefecto" => true
        "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original article</span>"
        "titulo" => "Tuberculosis deaths in Northern Portugal&#46; Predictors of mortality during TB treatment &#8211; A five-year analysis &#40;2008&#8211;2012&#41;"
        "tienePdf" => "en"
        "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en"
        "tieneResumen" => "en"
        "paginas" => array:1 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "paginaInicial" => "307"
            "paginaFinal" => "313"
          ]
        ]
        "contieneResumen" => array:1 [
          "en" => true
        ]
        "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
          "en" => true
        ]
        "contienePdf" => array:1 [
          "en" => true
        ]
        "autores" => array:1 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "autoresLista" => "A&#46;C&#46; Franco Sp&#237;nola, M&#46; Campos, A&#46; Rita Gaio, A&#46; Maria Correia, M&#46; Gomes, R&#46; Duarte"
            "autores" => array:6 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "A&#46;C&#46;"
                "apellidos" => "Franco Sp&#237;nola"
              ]
              1 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "M&#46;"
                "apellidos" => "Campos"
              ]
              2 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "A&#46;"
                "apellidos" => "Rita Gaio"
              ]
              3 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "A&#46;"
                "apellidos" => "Maria Correia"
              ]
              4 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "M&#46;"
                "apellidos" => "Gomes"
              ]
              5 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "R&#46;"
                "apellidos" => "Duarte"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
      "Traduccion" => array:1 [
        "en" => array:9 [
          "pii" => "X0873215915459661"
          "doi" => "10.1016/j.rppnen.2015.10.007"
          "estado" => "S300"
          "subdocumento" => ""
          "abierto" => array:3 [
            "ES" => true
            "ES2" => true
            "LATM" => true
          ]
          "gratuito" => true
          "lecturas" => array:1 [
            "total" => 0
          ]
          "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
          "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/X0873215915459661?idApp=UINPBA00004E"
        ]
      ]
      "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173511515001566?idApp=UINPBA00004E"
      "url" => "/21735115/0000002100000006/v4_201605090016/S2173511515001566/v4_201605090016/en/main.assets"
    ]
  ]
  "itemSiguiente" => array:17 [
    "pii" => "X087321591545967X"
    "issn" => "08732159"
    "doi" => "10.1016/j.rppnen.2015.07.006"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2015-11-01"
    "documento" => "article"
    "licencia" => "http://www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/"
    "subdocumento" => "fla"
    "cita" => "Rev Port Pneumol. 2015;21:299-306"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => true
      "ES2" => true
      "LATM" => true
    ]
    "gratuito" => true
    "lecturas" => array:2 [
      "total" => 4751
      "formatos" => array:3 [
        "EPUB" => 248
        "HTML" => 3471
        "PDF" => 1032
      ]
    ]
    "en" => array:11 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "titulo" => "Cluster analysis in phenotyping a Portuguese population"
      "tienePdf" => "en"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en"
      "tieneResumen" => "en"
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "299"
          "paginaFinal" => "306"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneResumen" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
        "original" => 0
        "multimedia" => array:8 [
          "identificador" => "fig1"
          "etiqueta" => "Figure 1"
          "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
          "mostrarFloat" => true
          "mostrarDisplay" => false
          "copyright" => "Elsevier Espa&#241;a"
          "figura" => array:1 [
            0 => array:4 [
              "imagen" => "320v21n06-90445967fig1.jpg"
              "Alto" => 2752
              "Ancho" => 1559
              "Tamanyo" => 450291
            ]
          ]
          "descripcion" => array:1 [
            "en" => "Dendrogram obtained using Ward&#39;s method&#46;"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "C.C. Loureiro, P. Sa-Couto, A. Todo-Bom, J. Bousquet"
          "autores" => array:4 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "Iniciales" => "C.C."
              "apellidos" => "Loureiro"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "Iniciales" => "P."
              "apellidos" => "Sa-Couto"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "Iniciales" => "A."
              "apellidos" => "Todo-Bom"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "Iniciales" => "J."
              "apellidos" => "Bousquet"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
    "Traduccion" => array:1 [
      "en" => array:9 [
        "pii" => "S2173511515001840"
        "doi" => "10.1016/j.rppnen.2015.10.004"
        "estado" => "S300"
        "subdocumento" => ""
        "abierto" => array:3 [
          "ES" => true
          "ES2" => true
          "LATM" => true
        ]
        "gratuito" => true
        "lecturas" => array:1 [
          "total" => 0
        ]
        "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
        "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173511515001840?idApp=UINPBA00004E"
      ]
    ]
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/X087321591545967X?idApp=UINPBA00004E"
    "url" => "/08732159/0000002100000006/v0_201604141141/X087321591545967X/v0_201604141141/en/main.assets"
  ]
  "itemAnterior" => array:17 [
    "pii" => "X0873215915459653"
    "issn" => "08732159"
    "doi" => "10.1016/j.rppnen.2015.10.004"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2015-11-01"
    "documento" => "article"
    "licencia" => "http://www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/"
    "subdocumento" => "fla"
    "cita" => "Rev Port Pneumol. 2015;21:293-4"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => true
      "ES2" => true
      "LATM" => true
    ]
    "gratuito" => true
    "lecturas" => array:2 [
      "total" => 3957
      "formatos" => array:3 [
        "EPUB" => 270
        "HTML" => 2717
        "PDF" => 970
      ]
    ]
    "en" => array:8 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "titulo" => "A silent revolution&#58; phenotyping asthma for personalised medicine"
      "tienePdf" => "en"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en"
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "293"
          "paginaFinal" => "294"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "K.F. Chung"
          "autores" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "Iniciales" => "K.F."
              "apellidos" => "Chung"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
    "Traduccion" => array:1 [
      "en" => array:9 [
        "pii" => "S2173511515001384"
        "doi" => "10.1016/j.rppnen.2015.07.006"
        "estado" => "S300"
        "subdocumento" => ""
        "abierto" => array:3 [
          "ES" => true
          "ES2" => true
          "LATM" => true
        ]
        "gratuito" => true
        "lecturas" => array:1 [
          "total" => 0
        ]
        "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
        "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173511515001384?idApp=UINPBA00004E"
      ]
    ]
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/X0873215915459653?idApp=UINPBA00004E"
    "url" => "/08732159/0000002100000006/v0_201604141141/X0873215915459653/v0_201604141141/en/main.assets"
  ]
  "asociados" => array:1 [
    0 => array:20 [
      "pii" => "S2173511515001566"
      "issn" => "21735115"
      "doi" => "10.1016/j.rppnen.2015.07.007"
      "estado" => "S300"
      "fechaPublicacion" => "2015-11-01"
      "aid" => "1086"
      "copyright" => "Sociedade Portuguesa de Pneumologia"
      "documento" => "article"
      "crossmark" => 1
      "licencia" => "http://www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/"
      "subdocumento" => "fla"
      "cita" => "Rev Port Pneumol. 2015;21:307-13"
      "abierto" => array:3 [
        "ES" => true
        "ES2" => true
        "LATM" => true
      ]
      "gratuito" => true
      "lecturas" => array:2 [
        "total" => 1541
        "formatos" => array:3 [
          "EPUB" => 219
          "HTML" => 793
          "PDF" => 529
        ]
      ]
      "en" => array:11 [
        "idiomaDefecto" => true
        "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original article</span>"
        "titulo" => "Tuberculosis deaths in Northern Portugal&#46; Predictors of mortality during TB treatment &#8211; A five-year analysis &#40;2008&#8211;2012&#41;"
        "tienePdf" => "en"
        "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en"
        "tieneResumen" => "en"
        "paginas" => array:1 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "paginaInicial" => "307"
            "paginaFinal" => "313"
          ]
        ]
        "contieneResumen" => array:1 [
          "en" => true
        ]
        "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
          "en" => true
        ]
        "contienePdf" => array:1 [
          "en" => true
        ]
        "autores" => array:1 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "autoresLista" => "A&#46;C&#46; Franco Sp&#237;nola, M&#46; Campos, A&#46; Rita Gaio, A&#46; Maria Correia, M&#46; Gomes, R&#46; Duarte"
            "autores" => array:6 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "A&#46;C&#46;"
                "apellidos" => "Franco Sp&#237;nola"
              ]
              1 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "M&#46;"
                "apellidos" => "Campos"
              ]
              2 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "A&#46;"
                "apellidos" => "Rita Gaio"
              ]
              3 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "A&#46;"
                "apellidos" => "Maria Correia"
              ]
              4 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "M&#46;"
                "apellidos" => "Gomes"
              ]
              5 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "R&#46;"
                "apellidos" => "Duarte"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
      "Traduccion" => array:1 [
        "en" => array:9 [
          "pii" => "X0873215915459661"
          "doi" => "10.1016/j.rppnen.2015.10.007"
          "estado" => "S300"
          "subdocumento" => ""
          "abierto" => array:3 [
            "ES" => true
            "ES2" => true
            "LATM" => true
          ]
          "gratuito" => true
          "lecturas" => array:1 [
            "total" => 0
          ]
          "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
          "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/X0873215915459661?idApp=UINPBA00004E"
        ]
      ]
      "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173511515001566?idApp=UINPBA00004E"
      "url" => "/21735115/0000002100000006/v4_201605090016/S2173511515001566/v4_201605090016/en/main.assets"
    ]
  ]
  "en" => array:11 [
    "idiomaDefecto" => true
    "titulo" => "Monitoring predictors of mortality&#58; A necessary action to reach TB elimination"
    "tieneTextoCompleto" => true
    "paginas" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "paginaInicial" => "295"
        "paginaFinal" => "298"
      ]
    ]
    "autores" => array:1 [
      0 => array:4 [
        "autoresLista" => "E. Pontali, R. Centis, L. D&#191;Ambrosio, G.B. Migliori"
        "autores" => array:4 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "Iniciales" => "E."
            "apellidos" => "Pontali"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "affa"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          1 => array:3 [
            "Iniciales" => "R."
            "apellidos" => "Centis"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>"
                "identificador" => "affb"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          2 => array:3 [
            "Iniciales" => "L."
            "apellidos" => "D&#191;Ambrosio"
            "referencia" => array:2 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>"
                "identificador" => "affb"
              ]
              1 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>"
                "identificador" => "affc"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          3 => array:4 [
            "Iniciales" => "G.B."
            "apellidos" => "Migliori"
            "email" => array:1 [
              0 => "giovannibattista&#46;migliori&#64;fsm&#46;it"
            ]
            "referencia" => array:2 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>"
                "identificador" => "affb"
              ]
              1 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span>"
                "identificador" => "cor1"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "afiliaciones" => array:3 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Department of Infectious Diseases &#x2013; Galliera Hospital, Genoa, Italy"
            "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
            "identificador" => "affa"
          ]
          1 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "WHO Collaborating Centre for Tuberculosis &#38; Lung Diseases, Fondazione S. Maugeri, IRCCS, Tradate, Italy"
            "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>"
            "identificador" => "affb"
          ]
          2 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Public Health Consulting Group, Lugano, Switzerland"
            "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>"
            "identificador" => "affc"
          ]
        ]
        "correspondencia" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "cor1"
            "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span>"
            "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author. giovannibattista.migliori@fsm.it"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
      "original" => 0
      "multimedia" => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "fig1"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "copyright" => "Elsevier Espa&#241;a"
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "320v21n06-90445966fig1.jpg"
            "Alto" => 1044
            "Ancho" => 2667
            "Tamanyo" => 399348
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "Definitions of elimination and pre-elimination&#46;"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "textoCompleto" => "<p class="elsevierStylePara">In this issue of the Revista Portuguesa de Pneumologia &#8211; Portuguese Journal of Pulmonology Spinola and colleagues report about the predictors of mortality during tuberculosis &#40;TB&#41; treatment identified in Northern Portugal&#46;<a href="&#35;bib18" class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Although the paper deals with a limited geographical area of a relatively small European country&#44; the data reported raise some interesting issues for discussion&#46; The study findings are of particular interest as Portugal remains a country with intermediate TB incidence rates &#40;in a way close to those of Eastern Europe&#41;&#44; but with an in-country variability depicting a country in-between persistence of intermediate TB incidence&#47;transmission and shift towards low incidence&#47;pre-Elimination dynamics&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Aim of the present manuscript is to discuss the importance of looking carefully at TB treatment outcomes&#44; and in particular to TB mortality death rates&#44; in the perspective of TB Elimination&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">The findings of the study by Spinola et al&#46;<a href="&#35;bib18" class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> are discussed having in mind the treatment outcomes achieved in Europe and in the different WHO Regions&#46; Data have been retrieved through the WHO and ECDC last annual reports and other relevant published figures and relevant documents&#46;<a href="&#35;bib19" class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#44; </span><a href="&#35;bib20" class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#44; </span><a href="&#35;bib21" class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#44; </span><a href="&#35;bib22" class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#44; </span><a href="&#35;bib23" class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#44; </span><a href="&#35;bib24" class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#44; </span><a href="&#35;bib25" class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">The World Health Organization &#40;WHO&#41; has recently launched the End TB Strategy&#44;<a href="&#35;bib19" class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#44; </span><a href="&#35;bib20" class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> which contains&#44; among lines&#44; several elements supporting TB elimination&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">The definitions of TB elimination and pre-elimination are summarized in <a href="&#35;f0005" class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs">Figure 1</a>&#46;<a href="&#35;bib21" class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a></p><a name="f0005" class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs"></a><p class="elsevierStylePara"><img src="320v21n06-90445966fig1.jpg" alt="Definitions of elimination and pre-elimination&#46;"></img></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Figure 1&#46; Definitions of elimination and pre-elimination&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">The key elements to achieve TB elimination are represented by diagnosis and treatment of latent TB infection &#40;LTBI&#41;&#44; on top of the basic TB control interventions&#44; which constituted the basis for the WHO DOTS strategy before and the Stop TB Strategy afterwards&#46;<a href="&#35;bib22" class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#44; </span><a href="&#35;bib23" class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#44; </span><a href="&#35;bib24" class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Presently the End TB Strategy is composed of 3 pillars &#40;<a href="&#35;t0005" class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs">Table 1</a>&#41;&#46; Pillar one includes the technical elements&#44; diagnosis and treatment&#44; and &#8211; for the first time &#8211; TB prevention&#44; which are usually coordinated by a national TB programme &#40;NTP&#41; or equivalent body at the Ministry of Health level&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Table 1&#46; End TB strategy&#46;</p><a name="t0005" class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs"></a><p class="elsevierStylePara"></p><table><tr align="left"><td colspan="5">The End TB Strategy</td></tr><tr align="left"><td>Vision</td><td colspan="4">A world free of TB<br></br><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Zero TB deaths&#44; Zero TB disease&#44; and Zero TB suffering</span></td></tr><tr align="left"><td>Goal</td><td colspan="4">End the Global TB epidemic &#40;&#60;10 cases per 100&#44;000 population&#41;</td></tr><tr align="left"><td colspan="5">&#160;</td></tr><tr align="left"><td>Indicators</td><td colspan="2"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Milestones</span></td><td colspan="2"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Targets</span></td></tr><tr align="left"><td>&#160;</td><td>2020</td><td>2025</td><td><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">SDG</span> 2030</td><td><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">End TB</span> 2035</td></tr><tr align="left"><td>Reduction in number of TB deaths compared with 2015 &#40;&#37;&#41;</td><td>35&#37;</td><td>75&#37;</td><td>90&#37;</td><td>95&#37;</td></tr><tr align="left"><td>Reduction in TB incidence rate compared with 2015 &#40;&#37;&#41;</td><td>20&#37; &#40;&#60;85&#47;100&#44;000&#41;</td><td>50&#37; &#40;&#60;55&#47;100&#44;000&#41;</td><td>80&#37; &#40;&#60;20&#47;100&#44;000&#41;</td><td>90&#37; &#40;&#60;10&#47;100&#44;000&#41;</td></tr><tr align="left"><td>TB-affected families facing catastrophic costs due to TB &#40;&#37;&#41;</td><td>Zero</td><td>Zero</td><td>Zero</td><td>Zero</td></tr><tr align="left"><td colspan="5">&#160;</td></tr><tr align="left"><td>Pillars</td><td colspan="4"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Components</span></td></tr><tr align="left"><td>1&#46; Integrated&#44; patient-centred care and prevention</td><td colspan="4">A&#46; Early diagnosis of tuberculosis including universal drug-susceptibility testing&#44; and systematic screening of contacts and high-risk groups<br></br>B&#46; Treatment of all people with tuberculosis including drug-resistant tuberculosis&#44; and patient support<br></br>C&#46; Collaborative tuberculosis&#47;HIV activities&#44; and management of co-morbidities<br></br>D&#46; Preventive treatment of persons at high risk&#44; and vaccination against tuberculosis</td></tr><tr align="left"><td>2&#46; Bold policies and supportive systems</td><td colspan="4">A&#46; Political commitment with adequate resources for tuberculosis care and prevention<br></br>B&#46; Engagement of communities&#44; civil society organizations&#44; and public and private care providers<br></br>C&#46; Universal health coverage policy&#44; and regulatory frameworks for case notification&#44; vital registration&#44; quality and rational use of medicines&#44; and infection control<br></br>D&#46; Social protection&#44; poverty alleviation and actions on other determinants of tuberculosis</td></tr><tr align="left"><td>3&#46; Intensified research and innovation</td><td colspan="4">A&#46; Discovery&#44; development and rapid uptake of new tools&#44; interventions and strategies<br></br>B&#46; Research to optimize implementation and impact&#44; and promote innovations</td></tr></table><p class="elsevierStylePara">TB&#58; tuberculosis&#59; SDG&#58; sustainable development goal&#46;<br></br></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">TB prevention includes both vaccination &#40;a new vaccine is expected by 2025&#41; and the above mentioned diagnosis and treatment of LTBI&#46;<a href="&#35;bib25" class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">The second pillar includes all the different interventions that are necessary as a result of a coordinated action at different ministerial levels&#44; as several ministries are likely to be involved&#58; interior&#44; finance&#44; social affairs or equivalent&#44; on top of ministry of health&#46; Interventions like social protection&#44; universal health coverage&#44; or high quality vital registrations ideally require fine tuning of the legal framework by low TB incidence countries &#40;initially called for action and defined as having a notification rate below 10 cases per 100&#44;000 population&#44; <a href="&#35;t0005" class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs">Table 1</a>&#41;&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">The third pillar emphasizes the importance of both developing new tools &#40;prevention&#44; diagnostic and treatment&#41; and rationally introducing them at the programmatic level&#46;<a href="&#35;bib26" class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">It is clear that although difficult to achieve&#44; TB elimination is epidemiologically plausible&#44; as shown in the recently published WHO Elimination framework&#58; all the low TB incidence countries are estimated to reach TB pre-elimination by 2035&#44; as a preliminary step towards TB elimination&#44; which is forecasted for 2050&#46;<a href="&#35;bib21" class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Among the requirements of a good TB programme&#44; and with the aim of controlling TB by early diagnosing infectious TB cases and rendering them rapidly non-infectious&#44; case-finding and treatment outcomes are considered the core indicators and are constantly monitored&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">The outcomes expected by a successful programme&#44; together with those achieved in 2013 in the EU as well as in the different WHO Regions are summarized in <a href="&#35;t0010" class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs">Table 2</a>&#46;<a href="&#35;bib27" class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Table 2&#46; Treatment outcomes for new and relapse cases&#44; 2012 for the six WHO regions  <span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>  and EU&#47;EEA countries  <span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span> &#46;</p><a name="t0010" class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs"></a><p class="elsevierStylePara"></p><table><tr align="left"><td>Outcome  <span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></td><td>Theoretical good programme performances &#40;&#37;&#41;</td><td>EU&#47;EEA  <span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>  &#40;&#37;&#41;</td><td>WHO European  <span class="elsevierStyleSup">d</span>  Region &#40;&#37;&#41;</td><td>WHO African Region &#40;&#37;&#41;</td><td>WHO&#47;PAHO Region of the Americas &#40;&#37;&#41;</td><td>WHO South-East Asia Region &#40;&#37;&#41;</td><td>WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region &#40;&#37;&#41;</td><td>WHO Western Pacific Region &#40;&#37;&#41;</td></tr><tr align="left"><td>Treatment success</td><td>&#62;85</td><td>77&#46;1</td><td>75&#46;51</td><td>81&#46;31</td><td>74&#46;61</td><td>87&#46;81</td><td>87&#46;31</td><td>92&#46;21</td></tr><tr align="left"><td>Death</td><td>&#60;5</td><td>6&#46;5</td><td>7&#46;3</td><td>6&#46;5</td><td>6&#46;4</td><td>3&#46;7</td><td>2&#46;4</td><td>2&#46;0</td></tr><tr align="left"><td>Default</td><td>&#60;5</td><td>4&#46;8</td><td>6&#46;2</td><td>5&#46;7</td><td>7&#46;7</td><td>5&#46;1</td><td>4&#46;6</td><td>1&#46;5</td></tr><tr align="left"><td>Failure</td><td>&#60;2</td><td>0&#46;9</td><td>5&#46;1</td><td>0&#46;9</td><td>0&#46;8</td><td>1&#46;2</td><td>0&#46;8</td><td>0&#46;5</td></tr></table><p class="elsevierStylePara">a &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">WHO Regions</span>&#58; data extracted from WHO&#39;s global TB database&#46; Available at&#58;  http&#58;&#47;&#47;www&#46;who&#46;int&#47;tb&#47;country&#47;data&#47;download&#47;en&#47; &#46; Date last accessed&#58; October 13&#44; 2015&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">EU&#47;EEA</span>&#58; data from European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control&#47;WHO Regional Office for Europe&#46; Tuberculosis surveillance and monitoring in Europe 2015&#46; Stockholm&#58; European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control&#44; 2015&#46; Available at&#58;  http&#58;&#47;&#47;ecdc&#46;europa&#46;eu&#47;en&#47;publications&#47;Publications&#47;tuberculosis-surveillance-monitoring-Europe-2015&#46;pdf &#41;&#46;<br></br>b New TB cases and relapse treatment outcome &#40;&#37;&#41;&#46;<br></br>c <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">EU&#47;EEA</span> &#40;European Union&#47;European Economic Area&#41; comprises 31 Countries&#58; 28 EU Member States &#40;Austria&#44; Belgium&#44; Bulgaria&#44; Croatia&#44; Cyprus&#44; Czech Republic&#44; Denmark&#44; Estonia&#44; Finland&#44; France&#44; Germany&#44; Greece&#44; Hungary&#44; Ireland&#44; Italy&#44; Latvia&#44; Lithuania&#44; Luxembourg&#44; Malta&#44; Netherlands&#44; Poland&#44; Portugal&#44; Romania&#44; Slovakia&#44; Slovenia&#44; Spain&#44; Sweden and the United Kingdom&#41; and 3 EEA countries &#40;Iceland&#44; Liechtenstein and Norway&#41;&#46;<br></br>d <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">WHO European Region</span> comprises the 53 countries&#58; 28 EU Member States&#44; 2 EEA countries &#40;Liechtenstein not included&#41;&#44; 23 non-EU&#47;EEA countries &#40;Albania&#44; Andorra&#44; Armenia&#44; Azerbaijan&#44; Belarus&#44; Bosnia and Herzegovina&#44; Georgia&#44; Israel&#44; Kazakhstan&#44; Kyrgyzstan&#44; the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia&#44; Moldova&#44; Monaco&#44; Montenegro&#44; Russia&#44; San Marino&#44; Serbia&#44; Switzerland&#44; Tajikistan&#44; Turkey&#44; Turkmenistan&#44; Ukraine and Uzbekistan&#41;&#46;<br></br></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">A core treatment outcome to be monitored is the death rate&#46; Although this outcome has been initially conceived as death for any cause &#40;TB being the most plausible cause&#44; particularly in high TB incidence countries&#41;&#44; the introduction of electronic&#44; nominal databases has allowed to differentiate deaths for TB from deaths for other reasons&#46;<a href="&#35;bib28" class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">The paper by A&#46;C&#46; Franco Spinola et al&#46; published in the present issue of the Journal<a href="&#35;bib18" class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> merits special attention because of its choice of dealing with TB mortality in a region that can be considered a hot-spot for TB&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">In particular&#44; mortality during TB treatment in the evaluated cohort is in line with what reported in the EU&#47;EEA countries and in WHO-EURO Region&#44; i&#46;e&#46; 7&#46;3&#37; in this study vs&#46; 6&#46;5&#37; and 7&#46;3&#37; in the two groups of countries &#40;see <a href="&#35;t0010" class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs">Table 2</a> for details&#41;&#46; This outcome is actually more in line with Eastern European NTP performances &#40;all included in the WHO-EURO report&#41; rather than Western European ones &#40;only some Eastern countries are included in the EU&#47;EEA report&#41;&#46;<a href="&#35;bib27" class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#44; </span><a href="&#35;bib29" class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Notwithstanding that TB mortality is the hardest end-point of TB treatment&#44; it has been till recent years a &#8220;neglected area&#8221; of interest in the evaluation of NTP performance or in the international TB literature&#44; with the exception of settings with high HIV and&#47;or MDR&#47;XDR-TB prevalence&#46; Actually&#44; only in the last few years a few reports on predictors of TB mortality started to be published&#46;<a href="&#35;bib30" class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#44; </span><a href="&#35;bib31" class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#44; </span><a href="&#35;bib32" class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#44; </span><a href="&#35;bib33" class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#44; </span><a href="&#35;bib34" class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Among the different TB treatment outcomes&#44; mortality is the most important one to identify what went deadly wrong among patients enrolled in TB programmes&#46; Identifying and evaluating patients&#8217; characteristics associated to mortality during TB treatment may help to highlight the existing programmatic weaknesses where to invest for improvements&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">In particular&#44; the Authors of the report published in this issue of the Journal identified male TB patients over 45 years of age with prior cancer and with disseminated diseases as those at higher risk of death during TB treatment&#46; This is in part similar&#44; but not identical&#44; to what reported by other Authors &#40;<a href="&#35;t0015" class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs">Table 3</a>&#41;&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Table 3&#46; Predictors of mortality during tuberculosis &#40;TB&#41; treatment&#46;</p><a name="t0015" class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs"></a><p class="elsevierStylePara"></p><table><tr align="left"><td>Authors</td><td>Year of publication</td><td>Country</td><td>Predictors of mortality</td></tr><tr align="left"><td>Kourbatova et al&#46;  <span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></td><td>2006</td><td>Russia</td><td>Advanced TB&#59; intravenous drug use</td></tr><tr align="left"><td>Lin et al&#46;  <span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></td><td>2014</td><td>Taiwan</td><td>Disseminated TB  <span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span> &#59; malignancy  <span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span> &#59; liver cirrhosis&#59; renal failure</td></tr><tr align="left"><td>Alobu et al&#46;  <span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></td><td>2014</td><td>Nigeria</td><td>Extrapulmonary TB&#59; smear-negative TB cases&#59; rural residents&#59; human immunodeficiency virus &#40;HIV&#41; co-infection&#59; not receiving antiretroviral therapy&#59; not receiving cotrimoxazole prophylaxis&#46;</td></tr><tr align="left"><td>Pepper et al&#46;  <span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></td><td>2015</td><td>South Africa</td><td>Advancing age  <span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span> &#44; co-infection with HIV&#59; prior history of TB&#59; disseminated TB  <span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></td></tr><tr align="left"><td>Liew et al&#46;  <span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></td><td>2015</td><td>Malaysia</td><td>Older age  <span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span> &#59; male sex  <span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span> &#59; foreign citizenship&#59; lower Education&#59; no bacille Calmette-Gu&#233;rin &#40;BCG&#41; vaccination scar&#59; rural residence&#59; treatment in tertiary settings&#59; HIV infection&#59; not receiving directly observed treatment &#40;DOT&#41;&#59; advanced chest radiography findings&#59; multidrug-resistant TB &#40;MDR-TB&#41;&#59; extra-pulmonary TB&#46;</td></tr></table><p class="elsevierStylePara">a Same predictors of mortality as reported by Spinola et al&#46;  <span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span><br></br></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">In Spinola&#39;s paper<a href="&#35;bib18" class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> lung cancer emerged as the most important co-morbidity associated to mortality&#46; Such results may prompt initiatives to develop programmes of screening of those patients at higher mortality risk &#40;e&#46;g&#46; lung cancer&#41;&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">In different settings different predictors of mortality &#40;see <a href="&#35;t0015" class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs">Table 3</a>&#41; can be observed during TB treatment&#44; even within the same country&#46; Nevertheless&#44; once such predictors are identified&#44; a strategy to confront with them need to be developed&#44; tested and &#8211; if proven effective &#8211; implemented&#46; Otherwise&#44; the simple identification of mortality predictors would remain a mere &#8220;academic exercise&#8221; without a significant impact on programme performance and&#44; most importantly&#44; on TB patients&#8217; health&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">The important exercise of analysing systematically &#40;and into details&#41; the TB treatment outcomes &#40;and&#44; particularly&#44; death rates&#41;&#44; identifying programmatic drawbacks and tackling them with appropriate public health actions are part of the well-known TB managerial cycle&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">If we want to push the paradigm shift from TB Control to Elimination forward&#44; we need to start &#40;or re-start&#41; to perform systematically this as well as the other exercises aimed at monitoring case-finding and treatment results&#44; which NTPs in several European countries have unfortunately started to forget&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Corresponding author&#46; giovannibattista&#46;migliori&#64;fsm&#46;it</p>"
    "pdfFichero" => "320v21n06a90445966pdf001.pdf"
    "tienePdf" => true
    "multimedia" => array:2 [
      0 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "fig1"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "copyright" => "Elsevier Espa&#241;a"
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "320v21n06-90445966fig1.jpg"
            "Alto" => 1044
            "Ancho" => 2667
            "Tamanyo" => 399348
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "Definitions of elimination and pre-elimination&#46;"
        ]
      ]
      1 => array:6 [
        "identificador" => "fig2"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "copyright" => "Elsevier Espa&#241;a"
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "Definitions of elimination and pre-elimination&#46;"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "bibliografia" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "Bibliography"
      "seccion" => array:1 [
        0 => array:1 [
          "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:17 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib18"
              "etiqueta" => "1"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:3 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Tuberculosis deaths in Northern Portugal Predictors of mortality during TB treatment &#x2013; a five&#x002D;year analysis (2008&#x2013;2012). Rev Port Pneumol. 2015; 6:304&#x002D;10."
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:3 [
                      "titulo" => "Tuberculosis deaths in Northern Portugal Predictors of mortality during TB treatment &#8211; a five-year analysis &#40;2008&#8211;2012&#41;&#46;"
                      "idioma" => "en"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:7 [
                            0 => "Franco Spinola AC"
                            1 => "Campos M"
                            2 => "Rita Gaio A"
                            3 => "Maria Correi A"
                            4 => "Gomes M"
                            5 => "Duarte R"
                            6 => "et-al&#46;"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Rev Port Pneumol. "
                        "fecha" => "2015"
                        "volumen" => "6"
                        "paginaInicial" => "304"
                        "paginaFinal" => "310"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib19"
              "etiqueta" => "2"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:3 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "WHO's new end TB strategy. Lancet. 2015; 385:1799&#x002D;801."
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:3 [
                      "titulo" => "WHO&#39;s new end TB strategy&#46;"
                      "idioma" => "en"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:7 [
                            0 => "Uplekar M"
                            1 => "Weil D"
                            2 => "Lonnroth K"
                            3 => "Jaramillo E"
                            4 => "Lienhardt C"
                            5 => "Dias HM"
                            6 => "et-al&#46;"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/S0140-6736(15)60570-0"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Lancet. "
                        "fecha" => "2015"
                        "volumen" => "385"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1799"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1801"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25814376"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            2 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib20"
              "etiqueta" => "3"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:3 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Evidence&#x002D;based, agreed&#x002D;upon health priorities to remedy the tuberculosis patient's economic disaster. Eur Respir J. 2014; 43:1563&#x002D;6."
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:3 [
                      "titulo" => "Evidence-based&#44; agreed-upon health priorities to remedy the tuberculosis patient&#39;s economic disaster&#46;"
                      "idioma" => "en"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "Sotgiu G"
                            1 => "Mauch V"
                            2 => "Migliori GB"
                            3 => "Benedetti A&#46;"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1183/09031936.00064314"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Eur Respir J. "
                        "fecha" => "2014"
                        "volumen" => "43"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1563"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1566"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24881058"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            3 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib21"
              "etiqueta" => "4"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:3 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Towards tuberculosis elimination: an action framework for low&#x002D;incidence countries. Eur Respir J. 2015; 45:928&#x002D;52."
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:3 [
                      "titulo" => "Towards tuberculosis elimination&#58; an action framework for low-incidence countries&#46;"
                      "idioma" => "en"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:7 [
                            0 => "L&#246;nnroth K"
                            1 => "Migliori GB"
                            2 => "Abubakar I"
                            3 => "D&#8217;Ambrosio L"
                            4 => "de Vries G"
                            5 => "Diel R"
                            6 => "et-al&#46;"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1183/09031936.00214014"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Eur Respir J. "
                        "fecha" => "2015"
                        "volumen" => "45"
                        "paginaInicial" => "928"
                        "paginaFinal" => "952"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25792630"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            4 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib22"
              "etiqueta" => "5"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:3 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "European Forum for TB Innovation Old ideas to innovate tuberculosis control: preventive treatment to achieve elimination. Eur Respir J. 2013; 42:785&#x002D;801."
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:3 [
                      "titulo" => "European Forum for TB Innovation Old ideas to innovate tuberculosis control&#58; preventive treatment to achieve elimination&#46;"
                      "idioma" => "en"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:7 [
                            0 => "Diel R"
                            1 => "Loddenkemper R"
                            2 => "Zellweger JP"
                            3 => "Sotgiu G"
                            4 => "D&#8217;Ambrosio L"
                            5 => "Centis R"
                            6 => "et-al&#46;"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1183/09031936.00205512"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Eur Respir J. "
                        "fecha" => "2013"
                        "volumen" => "42"
                        "paginaInicial" => "785"
                        "paginaFinal" => "801"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23397299"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            5 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib23"
              "etiqueta" => "6"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:3 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "TB Elimination: theory and practice in Europe. Eur Respir J. 2014; 43:1410&#x002D;20."
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:3 [
                      "titulo" => "TB Elimination&#58; theory and practice in Europe&#46;"
                      "idioma" => "en"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:7 [
                            0 => "D&#8217;Ambrosio L"
                            1 => "Dara M"
                            2 => "Tadolini M"
                            3 => "Centis R"
                            4 => "Sotgiu G"
                            5 => "van der Werf MJ"
                            6 => "et-al&#46;"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1183/09031936.00198813"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Eur Respir J. "
                        "fecha" => "2014"
                        "volumen" => "43"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1410"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1420"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24389868"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            6 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib24"
              "etiqueta" => "7"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:3 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "History of tuberculosis and drug resistance. N Engl J Med. 2013; 368:88&#x002D;9."
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:3 [
                      "titulo" => "History of tuberculosis and drug resistance&#46;"
                      "idioma" => "en"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "Sotgiu G"
                            1 => "Spanevello A"
                            2 => "Migliori GB&#46;"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1056/NEJMc1212308#SA2"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "N Engl J Med. "
                        "fecha" => "2013"
                        "volumen" => "368"
                        "paginaInicial" => "88"
                        "paginaFinal" => "89"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23281997"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            7 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib25"
              "etiqueta" => "8"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:3 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Management of latent <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> infection: WHO guidelines for low tuberculosis burden countries. Eur Respir J. 2015; 24:."
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:3 [
                      "titulo" => "Management of latent <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mycobacterium tuberculosis</span> infection&#58; WHO guidelines for low tuberculosis burden countries&#46;"
                      "idioma" => "en"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:7 [
                            0 => "Getahun H"
                            1 => "Matteelli A"
                            2 => "Abubakar I"
                            3 => "Aziz MA"
                            4 => "Baddeley A"
                            5 => "Barreira D"
                            6 => "et-al&#46;"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:3 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Eur Respir J. "
                        "fecha" => "2015"
                        "volumen" => "24"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            8 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib26"
              "etiqueta" => "9"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:3 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Ensuring rational introduction and responsible use of new TB tools: outcome of an ERS multisector consultation. Eur Respir J. 2014; 44:1412&#x002D;7."
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:3 [
                      "titulo" => "Ensuring rational introduction and responsible use of new TB tools&#58; outcome of an ERS multisector consultation&#46;"
                      "idioma" => "en"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "Migliori GB"
                            1 => "Lienhardt C"
                            2 => "Weyer K"
                            3 => "van der Werf MJ"
                            4 => "Blasi F"
                            5 => "Raviglione MC&#46;"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1183/09031936.00132114"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Eur Respir J. "
                        "fecha" => "2014"
                        "volumen" => "44"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1412"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1417"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25435528"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            9 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib27"
              "etiqueta" => "10"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:3 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Global tuberculosis report 2014. WHO/HTM/TB2014.08. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2014."
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:3 [
                      "titulo" => "Global tuberculosis report 2014&#46; WHO&#47;HTM&#47;TB2014&#46;08&#46;"
                      "idioma" => "es"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "World Health Organization&#46;"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Libro" => array:2 [
                        "titulo" => "Global tuberculosis report 2014&#46; WHO&#47;HTM&#47;TB2014&#46;08&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2014"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            10 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib28"
              "etiqueta" => "11"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:3 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Comparison of tuberculosis surveillance systems in low&#x002D;incidence industrialised countries. Eur Respir J. 2008; 32:1616&#x002D;24."
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:3 [
                      "titulo" => "Comparison of tuberculosis surveillance systems in low-incidence industrialised countries&#46;"
                      "idioma" => "en"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "Mor Z"
                            1 => "Migliori GB"
                            2 => "Althomsons SP"
                            3 => "Loddenkemper R"
                            4 => "Trnka L"
                            5 => "Iademarco MF&#46;"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1183/09031936.00042908"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Eur Respir J. "
                        "fecha" => "2008"
                        "volumen" => "32"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1616"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1624"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18684850"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            11 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib29"
              "etiqueta" => "12"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:3 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Tuberculosis surveillance and monitoring in Europe 2015. Stockholm: European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control; 2015. Available at: <inter&#x002D;ref>http://ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications/Publications/tuberculosis&#x002D;surveillance&#x002D;monitoring&#x002D;Europe&#x002D;2015.pdf</inter&#x002D;ref>"
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:3 [
                      "titulo" => "Tuberculosis surveillance and monitoring in Europe 2015&#46;"
                      "idioma" => "en"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control&#47;WHO Regional Office for Europe&#46;"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Libro" => array:2 [
                        "titulo" => "Tuberculosis surveillance and monitoring in Europe 2015&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2015"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            12 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib30"
              "etiqueta" => "13"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:3 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Risk factors for mortality among adult patients with newly diagnosed tuberculosis in Samara, Russia. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2006; 10:1224&#x002D;30."
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:3 [
                      "titulo" => "Risk factors for mortality among adult patients with newly diagnosed tuberculosis in Samara&#44; Russia&#46;"
                      "idioma" => "en"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "Kourbatova EV"
                            1 => "Borodulin BE"
                            2 => "Borodulina EA"
                            3 => "del Rio C"
                            4 => "Blumberg HM"
                            5 => "Leonard MK&#46;"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. "
                        "fecha" => "2006"
                        "volumen" => "10"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1224"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1230"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17131780"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            13 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib31"
              "etiqueta" => "14"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:3 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Tuberculosis mortality: patient characteristics and causes. BMC Infect Dis. 2014; 14:5. PMID: <inter&#x002D;ref>24387757</inter&#x002D;ref>"
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:3 [
                      "titulo" => "Tuberculosis mortality&#58; patient characteristics and causes&#46;"
                      "idioma" => "en"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:7 [
                            0 => "Lin CH"
                            1 => "Lin CJ"
                            2 => "Kuo YW"
                            3 => "Wang JY"
                            4 => "Hsu CL"
                            5 => "Chen JM"
                            6 => "et-al&#46;"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1186/1471-2334-14-5"
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "BMC Infect Dis. "
                        "fecha" => "2014"
                        "volumen" => "14"
                        "paginaInicial" => "5"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24387757"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            14 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib32"
              "etiqueta" => "15"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:3 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Risk factors of treatment default and death among tuberculosis patients in a resource&#x002D;limited setting. Asian Pac J Trop Med. 2014; 7:977&#x002D;84."
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:3 [
                      "titulo" => "Risk factors of treatment default and death among tuberculosis patients in a resource-limited setting&#46;"
                      "idioma" => "en"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "Alobu I"
                            1 => "Oshi SN"
                            2 => "Oshi DC"
                            3 => "Ukwaja KN&#46;"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/S1995-7645(14)60172-3"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Asian Pac J Trop Med. "
                        "fecha" => "2014"
                        "volumen" => "7"
                        "paginaInicial" => "977"
                        "paginaFinal" => "984"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25479627"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            15 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib33"
              "etiqueta" => "16"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:3 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Independent predictors of tuberculosis mortality in a high HIV prevalence setting: a retrospective cohort study. AIDS Res Ther. 2015; 12:35."
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:3 [
                      "titulo" => "Independent predictors of tuberculosis mortality in a high HIV prevalence setting&#58; a retrospective cohort study&#46;"
                      "idioma" => "en"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "Pepper DJ"
                            1 => "Schomaker M"
                            2 => "Wilkinson RJ"
                            3 => "de Azevedo V"
                            4 => "Maartens G&#46;"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1186/s12981-015-0076-5"
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "AIDS Res Ther. "
                        "fecha" => "2015"
                        "volumen" => "12"
                        "paginaInicial" => "35"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26448780"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            16 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib34"
              "etiqueta" => "17"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:3 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Tuberculosis in Malaysia: predictors of treatment outcomes in a national registry. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2015; 19:764&#x002D;71."
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:3 [
                      "titulo" => "Tuberculosis in Malaysia&#58; predictors of treatment outcomes in a national registry&#46;"
                      "idioma" => "en"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:7 [
                            0 => "Liew SM"
                            1 => "Khoo EM"
                            2 => "Ho BK"
                            3 => "Lee YK"
                            4 => "Mimi O"
                            5 => "Fazlina MY"
                            6 => "et-al&#46;"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.5588/ijtld.14.0767"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. "
                        "fecha" => "2015"
                        "volumen" => "19"
                        "paginaInicial" => "764"
                        "paginaFinal" => "771"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26056099"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
  ]
  "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
  "url" => "/08732159/0000002100000006/v0_201604141141/X0873215915459661/v0_201604141141/en/main.assets"
  "Apartado" => array:4 [
    "identificador" => "50811"
    "tipo" => "SECCION"
    "es" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "Editorials"
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
  ]
  "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/08732159/0000002100000006/v0_201604141141/X0873215915459661/v0_201604141141/en/320v21n06a90445966pdf001.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004E&text.app=https://journalpulmonology.org/"
  "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/X0873215915459661?idApp=UINPBA00004E"
]
Share
Journal Information

Statistics

Follow this link to access the full text of the article

Monitoring predictors of mortality: A necessary action to reach TB elimination
E.. Pontalia, R.. Centisb, L.. D¿Ambrosiob,c, G.B.. Migliorib,
Corresponding author
giovannibattista.migliori@fsm.it

Corresponding author. giovannibattista.migliori@fsm.it
a Department of Infectious Diseases – Galliera Hospital, Genoa, Italy
b WHO Collaborating Centre for Tuberculosis & Lung Diseases, Fondazione S. Maugeri, IRCCS, Tradate, Italy
c Public Health Consulting Group, Lugano, Switzerland
Read
8224
Times
was read the article
2547
Total PDF
5677
Total HTML
Share statistics
 array:22 [
  "pii" => "X0873215915459661"
  "issn" => "08732159"
  "doi" => "10.1016/j.rppnen.2015.10.007"
  "estado" => "S300"
  "fechaPublicacion" => "2015-11-01"
  "documento" => "article"
  "licencia" => "http://www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/"
  "subdocumento" => "fla"
  "cita" => "Rev Port Pneumol. 2015;21:295-8"
  "abierto" => array:3 [
    "ES" => true
    "ES2" => true
    "LATM" => true
  ]
  "gratuito" => true
  "lecturas" => array:2 [
    "total" => 3968
    "formatos" => array:3 [
      "EPUB" => 246
      "HTML" => 2812
      "PDF" => 910
    ]
  ]
  "Traduccion" => array:1 [
    "en" => array:20 [
      "pii" => "S2173511515001566"
      "issn" => "21735115"
      "doi" => "10.1016/j.rppnen.2015.07.007"
      "estado" => "S300"
      "fechaPublicacion" => "2015-11-01"
      "aid" => "1086"
      "copyright" => "Sociedade Portuguesa de Pneumologia"
      "documento" => "article"
      "crossmark" => 1
      "licencia" => "http://www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/"
      "subdocumento" => "fla"
      "cita" => "Rev Port Pneumol. 2015;21:307-13"
      "abierto" => array:3 [
        "ES" => true
        "ES2" => true
        "LATM" => true
      ]
      "gratuito" => true
      "lecturas" => array:2 [
        "total" => 1541
        "formatos" => array:3 [
          "EPUB" => 219
          "HTML" => 793
          "PDF" => 529
        ]
      ]
      "en" => array:11 [
        "idiomaDefecto" => true
        "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original article</span>"
        "titulo" => "Tuberculosis deaths in Northern Portugal&#46; Predictors of mortality during TB treatment &#8211; A five-year analysis &#40;2008&#8211;2012&#41;"
        "tienePdf" => "en"
        "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en"
        "tieneResumen" => "en"
        "paginas" => array:1 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "paginaInicial" => "307"
            "paginaFinal" => "313"
          ]
        ]
        "contieneResumen" => array:1 [
          "en" => true
        ]
        "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
          "en" => true
        ]
        "contienePdf" => array:1 [
          "en" => true
        ]
        "autores" => array:1 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "autoresLista" => "A&#46;C&#46; Franco Sp&#237;nola, M&#46; Campos, A&#46; Rita Gaio, A&#46; Maria Correia, M&#46; Gomes, R&#46; Duarte"
            "autores" => array:6 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "A&#46;C&#46;"
                "apellidos" => "Franco Sp&#237;nola"
              ]
              1 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "M&#46;"
                "apellidos" => "Campos"
              ]
              2 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "A&#46;"
                "apellidos" => "Rita Gaio"
              ]
              3 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "A&#46;"
                "apellidos" => "Maria Correia"
              ]
              4 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "M&#46;"
                "apellidos" => "Gomes"
              ]
              5 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "R&#46;"
                "apellidos" => "Duarte"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
      "Traduccion" => array:1 [
        "en" => array:9 [
          "pii" => "X0873215915459661"
          "doi" => "10.1016/j.rppnen.2015.10.007"
          "estado" => "S300"
          "subdocumento" => ""
          "abierto" => array:3 [
            "ES" => true
            "ES2" => true
            "LATM" => true
          ]
          "gratuito" => true
          "lecturas" => array:1 [
            "total" => 0
          ]
          "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
          "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/X0873215915459661?idApp=UINPBA00004E"
        ]
      ]
      "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173511515001566?idApp=UINPBA00004E"
      "url" => "/21735115/0000002100000006/v4_201605090016/S2173511515001566/v4_201605090016/en/main.assets"
    ]
  ]
  "itemSiguiente" => array:17 [
    "pii" => "X087321591545967X"
    "issn" => "08732159"
    "doi" => "10.1016/j.rppnen.2015.07.006"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2015-11-01"
    "documento" => "article"
    "licencia" => "http://www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/"
    "subdocumento" => "fla"
    "cita" => "Rev Port Pneumol. 2015;21:299-306"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => true
      "ES2" => true
      "LATM" => true
    ]
    "gratuito" => true
    "lecturas" => array:2 [
      "total" => 4751
      "formatos" => array:3 [
        "EPUB" => 248
        "HTML" => 3471
        "PDF" => 1032
      ]
    ]
    "en" => array:11 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "titulo" => "Cluster analysis in phenotyping a Portuguese population"
      "tienePdf" => "en"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en"
      "tieneResumen" => "en"
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "299"
          "paginaFinal" => "306"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneResumen" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
        "original" => 0
        "multimedia" => array:8 [
          "identificador" => "fig1"
          "etiqueta" => "Figure 1"
          "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
          "mostrarFloat" => true
          "mostrarDisplay" => false
          "copyright" => "Elsevier Espa&#241;a"
          "figura" => array:1 [
            0 => array:4 [
              "imagen" => "320v21n06-90445967fig1.jpg"
              "Alto" => 2752
              "Ancho" => 1559
              "Tamanyo" => 450291
            ]
          ]
          "descripcion" => array:1 [
            "en" => "Dendrogram obtained using Ward&#39;s method&#46;"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "C.C. Loureiro, P. Sa-Couto, A. Todo-Bom, J. Bousquet"
          "autores" => array:4 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "Iniciales" => "C.C."
              "apellidos" => "Loureiro"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "Iniciales" => "P."
              "apellidos" => "Sa-Couto"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "Iniciales" => "A."
              "apellidos" => "Todo-Bom"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "Iniciales" => "J."
              "apellidos" => "Bousquet"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
    "Traduccion" => array:1 [
      "en" => array:9 [
        "pii" => "S2173511515001840"
        "doi" => "10.1016/j.rppnen.2015.10.004"
        "estado" => "S300"
        "subdocumento" => ""
        "abierto" => array:3 [
          "ES" => true
          "ES2" => true
          "LATM" => true
        ]
        "gratuito" => true
        "lecturas" => array:1 [
          "total" => 0
        ]
        "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
        "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173511515001840?idApp=UINPBA00004E"
      ]
    ]
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/X087321591545967X?idApp=UINPBA00004E"
    "url" => "/08732159/0000002100000006/v0_201604141141/X087321591545967X/v0_201604141141/en/main.assets"
  ]
  "itemAnterior" => array:17 [
    "pii" => "X0873215915459653"
    "issn" => "08732159"
    "doi" => "10.1016/j.rppnen.2015.10.004"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2015-11-01"
    "documento" => "article"
    "licencia" => "http://www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/"
    "subdocumento" => "fla"
    "cita" => "Rev Port Pneumol. 2015;21:293-4"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => true
      "ES2" => true
      "LATM" => true
    ]
    "gratuito" => true
    "lecturas" => array:2 [
      "total" => 3957
      "formatos" => array:3 [
        "EPUB" => 270
        "HTML" => 2717
        "PDF" => 970
      ]
    ]
    "en" => array:8 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "titulo" => "A silent revolution&#58; phenotyping asthma for personalised medicine"
      "tienePdf" => "en"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en"
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "293"
          "paginaFinal" => "294"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "K.F. Chung"
          "autores" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "Iniciales" => "K.F."
              "apellidos" => "Chung"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
    "Traduccion" => array:1 [
      "en" => array:9 [
        "pii" => "S2173511515001384"
        "doi" => "10.1016/j.rppnen.2015.07.006"
        "estado" => "S300"
        "subdocumento" => ""
        "abierto" => array:3 [
          "ES" => true
          "ES2" => true
          "LATM" => true
        ]
        "gratuito" => true
        "lecturas" => array:1 [
          "total" => 0
        ]
        "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
        "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173511515001384?idApp=UINPBA00004E"
      ]
    ]
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/X0873215915459653?idApp=UINPBA00004E"
    "url" => "/08732159/0000002100000006/v0_201604141141/X0873215915459653/v0_201604141141/en/main.assets"
  ]
  "asociados" => array:1 [
    0 => array:20 [
      "pii" => "S2173511515001566"
      "issn" => "21735115"
      "doi" => "10.1016/j.rppnen.2015.07.007"
      "estado" => "S300"
      "fechaPublicacion" => "2015-11-01"
      "aid" => "1086"
      "copyright" => "Sociedade Portuguesa de Pneumologia"
      "documento" => "article"
      "crossmark" => 1
      "licencia" => "http://www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/"
      "subdocumento" => "fla"
      "cita" => "Rev Port Pneumol. 2015;21:307-13"
      "abierto" => array:3 [
        "ES" => true
        "ES2" => true
        "LATM" => true
      ]
      "gratuito" => true
      "lecturas" => array:2 [
        "total" => 1541
        "formatos" => array:3 [
          "EPUB" => 219
          "HTML" => 793
          "PDF" => 529
        ]
      ]
      "en" => array:11 [
        "idiomaDefecto" => true
        "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original article</span>"
        "titulo" => "Tuberculosis deaths in Northern Portugal&#46; Predictors of mortality during TB treatment &#8211; A five-year analysis &#40;2008&#8211;2012&#41;"
        "tienePdf" => "en"
        "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en"
        "tieneResumen" => "en"
        "paginas" => array:1 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "paginaInicial" => "307"
            "paginaFinal" => "313"
          ]
        ]
        "contieneResumen" => array:1 [
          "en" => true
        ]
        "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
          "en" => true
        ]
        "contienePdf" => array:1 [
          "en" => true
        ]
        "autores" => array:1 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "autoresLista" => "A&#46;C&#46; Franco Sp&#237;nola, M&#46; Campos, A&#46; Rita Gaio, A&#46; Maria Correia, M&#46; Gomes, R&#46; Duarte"
            "autores" => array:6 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "A&#46;C&#46;"
                "apellidos" => "Franco Sp&#237;nola"
              ]
              1 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "M&#46;"
                "apellidos" => "Campos"
              ]
              2 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "A&#46;"
                "apellidos" => "Rita Gaio"
              ]
              3 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "A&#46;"
                "apellidos" => "Maria Correia"
              ]
              4 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "M&#46;"
                "apellidos" => "Gomes"
              ]
              5 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "R&#46;"
                "apellidos" => "Duarte"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
      "Traduccion" => array:1 [
        "en" => array:9 [
          "pii" => "X0873215915459661"
          "doi" => "10.1016/j.rppnen.2015.10.007"
          "estado" => "S300"
          "subdocumento" => ""
          "abierto" => array:3 [
            "ES" => true
            "ES2" => true
            "LATM" => true
          ]
          "gratuito" => true
          "lecturas" => array:1 [
            "total" => 0
          ]
          "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
          "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/X0873215915459661?idApp=UINPBA00004E"
        ]
      ]
      "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173511515001566?idApp=UINPBA00004E"
      "url" => "/21735115/0000002100000006/v4_201605090016/S2173511515001566/v4_201605090016/en/main.assets"
    ]
  ]
  "en" => array:11 [
    "idiomaDefecto" => true
    "titulo" => "Monitoring predictors of mortality&#58; A necessary action to reach TB elimination"
    "tieneTextoCompleto" => true
    "paginas" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "paginaInicial" => "295"
        "paginaFinal" => "298"
      ]
    ]
    "autores" => array:1 [
      0 => array:4 [
        "autoresLista" => "E. Pontali, R. Centis, L. D&#191;Ambrosio, G.B. Migliori"
        "autores" => array:4 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "Iniciales" => "E."
            "apellidos" => "Pontali"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "affa"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          1 => array:3 [
            "Iniciales" => "R."
            "apellidos" => "Centis"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>"
                "identificador" => "affb"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          2 => array:3 [
            "Iniciales" => "L."
            "apellidos" => "D&#191;Ambrosio"
            "referencia" => array:2 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>"
                "identificador" => "affb"
              ]
              1 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>"
                "identificador" => "affc"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          3 => array:4 [
            "Iniciales" => "G.B."
            "apellidos" => "Migliori"
            "email" => array:1 [
              0 => "giovannibattista&#46;migliori&#64;fsm&#46;it"
            ]
            "referencia" => array:2 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>"
                "identificador" => "affb"
              ]
              1 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span>"
                "identificador" => "cor1"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "afiliaciones" => array:3 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Department of Infectious Diseases &#x2013; Galliera Hospital, Genoa, Italy"
            "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
            "identificador" => "affa"
          ]
          1 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "WHO Collaborating Centre for Tuberculosis &#38; Lung Diseases, Fondazione S. Maugeri, IRCCS, Tradate, Italy"
            "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>"
            "identificador" => "affb"
          ]
          2 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Public Health Consulting Group, Lugano, Switzerland"
            "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>"
            "identificador" => "affc"
          ]
        ]
        "correspondencia" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "cor1"
            "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span>"
            "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author. giovannibattista.migliori@fsm.it"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
      "original" => 0
      "multimedia" => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "fig1"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "copyright" => "Elsevier Espa&#241;a"
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "320v21n06-90445966fig1.jpg"
            "Alto" => 1044
            "Ancho" => 2667
            "Tamanyo" => 399348
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "Definitions of elimination and pre-elimination&#46;"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "textoCompleto" => "<p class="elsevierStylePara">In this issue of the Revista Portuguesa de Pneumologia &#8211; Portuguese Journal of Pulmonology Spinola and colleagues report about the predictors of mortality during tuberculosis &#40;TB&#41; treatment identified in Northern Portugal&#46;<a href="&#35;bib18" class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Although the paper deals with a limited geographical area of a relatively small European country&#44; the data reported raise some interesting issues for discussion&#46; The study findings are of particular interest as Portugal remains a country with intermediate TB incidence rates &#40;in a way close to those of Eastern Europe&#41;&#44; but with an in-country variability depicting a country in-between persistence of intermediate TB incidence&#47;transmission and shift towards low incidence&#47;pre-Elimination dynamics&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Aim of the present manuscript is to discuss the importance of looking carefully at TB treatment outcomes&#44; and in particular to TB mortality death rates&#44; in the perspective of TB Elimination&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">The findings of the study by Spinola et al&#46;<a href="&#35;bib18" class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> are discussed having in mind the treatment outcomes achieved in Europe and in the different WHO Regions&#46; Data have been retrieved through the WHO and ECDC last annual reports and other relevant published figures and relevant documents&#46;<a href="&#35;bib19" class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#44; </span><a href="&#35;bib20" class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#44; </span><a href="&#35;bib21" class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#44; </span><a href="&#35;bib22" class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#44; </span><a href="&#35;bib23" class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#44; </span><a href="&#35;bib24" class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#44; </span><a href="&#35;bib25" class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">The World Health Organization &#40;WHO&#41; has recently launched the End TB Strategy&#44;<a href="&#35;bib19" class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#44; </span><a href="&#35;bib20" class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> which contains&#44; among lines&#44; several elements supporting TB elimination&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">The definitions of TB elimination and pre-elimination are summarized in <a href="&#35;f0005" class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs">Figure 1</a>&#46;<a href="&#35;bib21" class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a></p><a name="f0005" class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs"></a><p class="elsevierStylePara"><img src="320v21n06-90445966fig1.jpg" alt="Definitions of elimination and pre-elimination&#46;"></img></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Figure 1&#46; Definitions of elimination and pre-elimination&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">The key elements to achieve TB elimination are represented by diagnosis and treatment of latent TB infection &#40;LTBI&#41;&#44; on top of the basic TB control interventions&#44; which constituted the basis for the WHO DOTS strategy before and the Stop TB Strategy afterwards&#46;<a href="&#35;bib22" class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#44; </span><a href="&#35;bib23" class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#44; </span><a href="&#35;bib24" class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Presently the End TB Strategy is composed of 3 pillars &#40;<a href="&#35;t0005" class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs">Table 1</a>&#41;&#46; Pillar one includes the technical elements&#44; diagnosis and treatment&#44; and &#8211; for the first time &#8211; TB prevention&#44; which are usually coordinated by a national TB programme &#40;NTP&#41; or equivalent body at the Ministry of Health level&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Table 1&#46; End TB strategy&#46;</p><a name="t0005" class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs"></a><p class="elsevierStylePara"></p><table><tr align="left"><td colspan="5">The End TB Strategy</td></tr><tr align="left"><td>Vision</td><td colspan="4">A world free of TB<br></br><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Zero TB deaths&#44; Zero TB disease&#44; and Zero TB suffering</span></td></tr><tr align="left"><td>Goal</td><td colspan="4">End the Global TB epidemic &#40;&#60;10 cases per 100&#44;000 population&#41;</td></tr><tr align="left"><td colspan="5">&#160;</td></tr><tr align="left"><td>Indicators</td><td colspan="2"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Milestones</span></td><td colspan="2"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Targets</span></td></tr><tr align="left"><td>&#160;</td><td>2020</td><td>2025</td><td><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">SDG</span> 2030</td><td><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">End TB</span> 2035</td></tr><tr align="left"><td>Reduction in number of TB deaths compared with 2015 &#40;&#37;&#41;</td><td>35&#37;</td><td>75&#37;</td><td>90&#37;</td><td>95&#37;</td></tr><tr align="left"><td>Reduction in TB incidence rate compared with 2015 &#40;&#37;&#41;</td><td>20&#37; &#40;&#60;85&#47;100&#44;000&#41;</td><td>50&#37; &#40;&#60;55&#47;100&#44;000&#41;</td><td>80&#37; &#40;&#60;20&#47;100&#44;000&#41;</td><td>90&#37; &#40;&#60;10&#47;100&#44;000&#41;</td></tr><tr align="left"><td>TB-affected families facing catastrophic costs due to TB &#40;&#37;&#41;</td><td>Zero</td><td>Zero</td><td>Zero</td><td>Zero</td></tr><tr align="left"><td colspan="5">&#160;</td></tr><tr align="left"><td>Pillars</td><td colspan="4"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Components</span></td></tr><tr align="left"><td>1&#46; Integrated&#44; patient-centred care and prevention</td><td colspan="4">A&#46; Early diagnosis of tuberculosis including universal drug-susceptibility testing&#44; and systematic screening of contacts and high-risk groups<br></br>B&#46; Treatment of all people with tuberculosis including drug-resistant tuberculosis&#44; and patient support<br></br>C&#46; Collaborative tuberculosis&#47;HIV activities&#44; and management of co-morbidities<br></br>D&#46; Preventive treatment of persons at high risk&#44; and vaccination against tuberculosis</td></tr><tr align="left"><td>2&#46; Bold policies and supportive systems</td><td colspan="4">A&#46; Political commitment with adequate resources for tuberculosis care and prevention<br></br>B&#46; Engagement of communities&#44; civil society organizations&#44; and public and private care providers<br></br>C&#46; Universal health coverage policy&#44; and regulatory frameworks for case notification&#44; vital registration&#44; quality and rational use of medicines&#44; and infection control<br></br>D&#46; Social protection&#44; poverty alleviation and actions on other determinants of tuberculosis</td></tr><tr align="left"><td>3&#46; Intensified research and innovation</td><td colspan="4">A&#46; Discovery&#44; development and rapid uptake of new tools&#44; interventions and strategies<br></br>B&#46; Research to optimize implementation and impact&#44; and promote innovations</td></tr></table><p class="elsevierStylePara">TB&#58; tuberculosis&#59; SDG&#58; sustainable development goal&#46;<br></br></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">TB prevention includes both vaccination &#40;a new vaccine is expected by 2025&#41; and the above mentioned diagnosis and treatment of LTBI&#46;<a href="&#35;bib25" class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">The second pillar includes all the different interventions that are necessary as a result of a coordinated action at different ministerial levels&#44; as several ministries are likely to be involved&#58; interior&#44; finance&#44; social affairs or equivalent&#44; on top of ministry of health&#46; Interventions like social protection&#44; universal health coverage&#44; or high quality vital registrations ideally require fine tuning of the legal framework by low TB incidence countries &#40;initially called for action and defined as having a notification rate below 10 cases per 100&#44;000 population&#44; <a href="&#35;t0005" class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs">Table 1</a>&#41;&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">The third pillar emphasizes the importance of both developing new tools &#40;prevention&#44; diagnostic and treatment&#41; and rationally introducing them at the programmatic level&#46;<a href="&#35;bib26" class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">It is clear that although difficult to achieve&#44; TB elimination is epidemiologically plausible&#44; as shown in the recently published WHO Elimination framework&#58; all the low TB incidence countries are estimated to reach TB pre-elimination by 2035&#44; as a preliminary step towards TB elimination&#44; which is forecasted for 2050&#46;<a href="&#35;bib21" class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Among the requirements of a good TB programme&#44; and with the aim of controlling TB by early diagnosing infectious TB cases and rendering them rapidly non-infectious&#44; case-finding and treatment outcomes are considered the core indicators and are constantly monitored&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">The outcomes expected by a successful programme&#44; together with those achieved in 2013 in the EU as well as in the different WHO Regions are summarized in <a href="&#35;t0010" class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs">Table 2</a>&#46;<a href="&#35;bib27" class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Table 2&#46; Treatment outcomes for new and relapse cases&#44; 2012 for the six WHO regions  <span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>  and EU&#47;EEA countries  <span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span> &#46;</p><a name="t0010" class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs"></a><p class="elsevierStylePara"></p><table><tr align="left"><td>Outcome  <span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></td><td>Theoretical good programme performances &#40;&#37;&#41;</td><td>EU&#47;EEA  <span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>  &#40;&#37;&#41;</td><td>WHO European  <span class="elsevierStyleSup">d</span>  Region &#40;&#37;&#41;</td><td>WHO African Region &#40;&#37;&#41;</td><td>WHO&#47;PAHO Region of the Americas &#40;&#37;&#41;</td><td>WHO South-East Asia Region &#40;&#37;&#41;</td><td>WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region &#40;&#37;&#41;</td><td>WHO Western Pacific Region &#40;&#37;&#41;</td></tr><tr align="left"><td>Treatment success</td><td>&#62;85</td><td>77&#46;1</td><td>75&#46;51</td><td>81&#46;31</td><td>74&#46;61</td><td>87&#46;81</td><td>87&#46;31</td><td>92&#46;21</td></tr><tr align="left"><td>Death</td><td>&#60;5</td><td>6&#46;5</td><td>7&#46;3</td><td>6&#46;5</td><td>6&#46;4</td><td>3&#46;7</td><td>2&#46;4</td><td>2&#46;0</td></tr><tr align="left"><td>Default</td><td>&#60;5</td><td>4&#46;8</td><td>6&#46;2</td><td>5&#46;7</td><td>7&#46;7</td><td>5&#46;1</td><td>4&#46;6</td><td>1&#46;5</td></tr><tr align="left"><td>Failure</td><td>&#60;2</td><td>0&#46;9</td><td>5&#46;1</td><td>0&#46;9</td><td>0&#46;8</td><td>1&#46;2</td><td>0&#46;8</td><td>0&#46;5</td></tr></table><p class="elsevierStylePara">a &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">WHO Regions</span>&#58; data extracted from WHO&#39;s global TB database&#46; Available at&#58;  http&#58;&#47;&#47;www&#46;who&#46;int&#47;tb&#47;country&#47;data&#47;download&#47;en&#47; &#46; Date last accessed&#58; October 13&#44; 2015&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">EU&#47;EEA</span>&#58; data from European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control&#47;WHO Regional Office for Europe&#46; Tuberculosis surveillance and monitoring in Europe 2015&#46; Stockholm&#58; European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control&#44; 2015&#46; Available at&#58;  http&#58;&#47;&#47;ecdc&#46;europa&#46;eu&#47;en&#47;publications&#47;Publications&#47;tuberculosis-surveillance-monitoring-Europe-2015&#46;pdf &#41;&#46;<br></br>b New TB cases and relapse treatment outcome &#40;&#37;&#41;&#46;<br></br>c <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">EU&#47;EEA</span> &#40;European Union&#47;European Economic Area&#41; comprises 31 Countries&#58; 28 EU Member States &#40;Austria&#44; Belgium&#44; Bulgaria&#44; Croatia&#44; Cyprus&#44; Czech Republic&#44; Denmark&#44; Estonia&#44; Finland&#44; France&#44; Germany&#44; Greece&#44; Hungary&#44; Ireland&#44; Italy&#44; Latvia&#44; Lithuania&#44; Luxembourg&#44; Malta&#44; Netherlands&#44; Poland&#44; Portugal&#44; Romania&#44; Slovakia&#44; Slovenia&#44; Spain&#44; Sweden and the United Kingdom&#41; and 3 EEA countries &#40;Iceland&#44; Liechtenstein and Norway&#41;&#46;<br></br>d <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">WHO European Region</span> comprises the 53 countries&#58; 28 EU Member States&#44; 2 EEA countries &#40;Liechtenstein not included&#41;&#44; 23 non-EU&#47;EEA countries &#40;Albania&#44; Andorra&#44; Armenia&#44; Azerbaijan&#44; Belarus&#44; Bosnia and Herzegovina&#44; Georgia&#44; Israel&#44; Kazakhstan&#44; Kyrgyzstan&#44; the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia&#44; Moldova&#44; Monaco&#44; Montenegro&#44; Russia&#44; San Marino&#44; Serbia&#44; Switzerland&#44; Tajikistan&#44; Turkey&#44; Turkmenistan&#44; Ukraine and Uzbekistan&#41;&#46;<br></br></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">A core treatment outcome to be monitored is the death rate&#46; Although this outcome has been initially conceived as death for any cause &#40;TB being the most plausible cause&#44; particularly in high TB incidence countries&#41;&#44; the introduction of electronic&#44; nominal databases has allowed to differentiate deaths for TB from deaths for other reasons&#46;<a href="&#35;bib28" class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">The paper by A&#46;C&#46; Franco Spinola et al&#46; published in the present issue of the Journal<a href="&#35;bib18" class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> merits special attention because of its choice of dealing with TB mortality in a region that can be considered a hot-spot for TB&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">In particular&#44; mortality during TB treatment in the evaluated cohort is in line with what reported in the EU&#47;EEA countries and in WHO-EURO Region&#44; i&#46;e&#46; 7&#46;3&#37; in this study vs&#46; 6&#46;5&#37; and 7&#46;3&#37; in the two groups of countries &#40;see <a href="&#35;t0010" class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs">Table 2</a> for details&#41;&#46; This outcome is actually more in line with Eastern European NTP performances &#40;all included in the WHO-EURO report&#41; rather than Western European ones &#40;only some Eastern countries are included in the EU&#47;EEA report&#41;&#46;<a href="&#35;bib27" class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#44; </span><a href="&#35;bib29" class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Notwithstanding that TB mortality is the hardest end-point of TB treatment&#44; it has been till recent years a &#8220;neglected area&#8221; of interest in the evaluation of NTP performance or in the international TB literature&#44; with the exception of settings with high HIV and&#47;or MDR&#47;XDR-TB prevalence&#46; Actually&#44; only in the last few years a few reports on predictors of TB mortality started to be published&#46;<a href="&#35;bib30" class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#44; </span><a href="&#35;bib31" class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#44; </span><a href="&#35;bib32" class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#44; </span><a href="&#35;bib33" class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#44; </span><a href="&#35;bib34" class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Among the different TB treatment outcomes&#44; mortality is the most important one to identify what went deadly wrong among patients enrolled in TB programmes&#46; Identifying and evaluating patients&#8217; characteristics associated to mortality during TB treatment may help to highlight the existing programmatic weaknesses where to invest for improvements&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">In particular&#44; the Authors of the report published in this issue of the Journal identified male TB patients over 45 years of age with prior cancer and with disseminated diseases as those at higher risk of death during TB treatment&#46; This is in part similar&#44; but not identical&#44; to what reported by other Authors &#40;<a href="&#35;t0015" class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs">Table 3</a>&#41;&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Table 3&#46; Predictors of mortality during tuberculosis &#40;TB&#41; treatment&#46;</p><a name="t0015" class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs"></a><p class="elsevierStylePara"></p><table><tr align="left"><td>Authors</td><td>Year of publication</td><td>Country</td><td>Predictors of mortality</td></tr><tr align="left"><td>Kourbatova et al&#46;  <span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></td><td>2006</td><td>Russia</td><td>Advanced TB&#59; intravenous drug use</td></tr><tr align="left"><td>Lin et al&#46;  <span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></td><td>2014</td><td>Taiwan</td><td>Disseminated TB  <span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span> &#59; malignancy  <span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span> &#59; liver cirrhosis&#59; renal failure</td></tr><tr align="left"><td>Alobu et al&#46;  <span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></td><td>2014</td><td>Nigeria</td><td>Extrapulmonary TB&#59; smear-negative TB cases&#59; rural residents&#59; human immunodeficiency virus &#40;HIV&#41; co-infection&#59; not receiving antiretroviral therapy&#59; not receiving cotrimoxazole prophylaxis&#46;</td></tr><tr align="left"><td>Pepper et al&#46;  <span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></td><td>2015</td><td>South Africa</td><td>Advancing age  <span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span> &#44; co-infection with HIV&#59; prior history of TB&#59; disseminated TB  <span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></td></tr><tr align="left"><td>Liew et al&#46;  <span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></td><td>2015</td><td>Malaysia</td><td>Older age  <span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span> &#59; male sex  <span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span> &#59; foreign citizenship&#59; lower Education&#59; no bacille Calmette-Gu&#233;rin &#40;BCG&#41; vaccination scar&#59; rural residence&#59; treatment in tertiary settings&#59; HIV infection&#59; not receiving directly observed treatment &#40;DOT&#41;&#59; advanced chest radiography findings&#59; multidrug-resistant TB &#40;MDR-TB&#41;&#59; extra-pulmonary TB&#46;</td></tr></table><p class="elsevierStylePara">a Same predictors of mortality as reported by Spinola et al&#46;  <span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span><br></br></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">In Spinola&#39;s paper<a href="&#35;bib18" class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> lung cancer emerged as the most important co-morbidity associated to mortality&#46; Such results may prompt initiatives to develop programmes of screening of those patients at higher mortality risk &#40;e&#46;g&#46; lung cancer&#41;&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">In different settings different predictors of mortality &#40;see <a href="&#35;t0015" class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs">Table 3</a>&#41; can be observed during TB treatment&#44; even within the same country&#46; Nevertheless&#44; once such predictors are identified&#44; a strategy to confront with them need to be developed&#44; tested and &#8211; if proven effective &#8211; implemented&#46; Otherwise&#44; the simple identification of mortality predictors would remain a mere &#8220;academic exercise&#8221; without a significant impact on programme performance and&#44; most importantly&#44; on TB patients&#8217; health&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">The important exercise of analysing systematically &#40;and into details&#41; the TB treatment outcomes &#40;and&#44; particularly&#44; death rates&#41;&#44; identifying programmatic drawbacks and tackling them with appropriate public health actions are part of the well-known TB managerial cycle&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">If we want to push the paradigm shift from TB Control to Elimination forward&#44; we need to start &#40;or re-start&#41; to perform systematically this as well as the other exercises aimed at monitoring case-finding and treatment results&#44; which NTPs in several European countries have unfortunately started to forget&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Corresponding author&#46; giovannibattista&#46;migliori&#64;fsm&#46;it</p>"
    "pdfFichero" => "320v21n06a90445966pdf001.pdf"
    "tienePdf" => true
    "multimedia" => array:2 [
      0 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "fig1"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "copyright" => "Elsevier Espa&#241;a"
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "320v21n06-90445966fig1.jpg"
            "Alto" => 1044
            "Ancho" => 2667
            "Tamanyo" => 399348
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "Definitions of elimination and pre-elimination&#46;"
        ]
      ]
      1 => array:6 [
        "identificador" => "fig2"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "copyright" => "Elsevier Espa&#241;a"
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "Definitions of elimination and pre-elimination&#46;"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "bibliografia" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "Bibliography"
      "seccion" => array:1 [
        0 => array:1 [
          "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:17 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib18"
              "etiqueta" => "1"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:3 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Tuberculosis deaths in Northern Portugal Predictors of mortality during TB treatment &#x2013; a five&#x002D;year analysis (2008&#x2013;2012). Rev Port Pneumol. 2015; 6:304&#x002D;10."
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:3 [
                      "titulo" => "Tuberculosis deaths in Northern Portugal Predictors of mortality during TB treatment &#8211; a five-year analysis &#40;2008&#8211;2012&#41;&#46;"
                      "idioma" => "en"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:7 [
                            0 => "Franco Spinola AC"
                            1 => "Campos M"
                            2 => "Rita Gaio A"
                            3 => "Maria Correi A"
                            4 => "Gomes M"
                            5 => "Duarte R"
                            6 => "et-al&#46;"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Rev Port Pneumol. "
                        "fecha" => "2015"
                        "volumen" => "6"
                        "paginaInicial" => "304"
                        "paginaFinal" => "310"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib19"
              "etiqueta" => "2"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:3 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "WHO's new end TB strategy. Lancet. 2015; 385:1799&#x002D;801."
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:3 [
                      "titulo" => "WHO&#39;s new end TB strategy&#46;"
                      "idioma" => "en"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:7 [
                            0 => "Uplekar M"
                            1 => "Weil D"
                            2 => "Lonnroth K"
                            3 => "Jaramillo E"
                            4 => "Lienhardt C"
                            5 => "Dias HM"
                            6 => "et-al&#46;"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/S0140-6736(15)60570-0"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Lancet. "
                        "fecha" => "2015"
                        "volumen" => "385"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1799"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1801"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25814376"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            2 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib20"
              "etiqueta" => "3"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:3 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Evidence&#x002D;based, agreed&#x002D;upon health priorities to remedy the tuberculosis patient's economic disaster. Eur Respir J. 2014; 43:1563&#x002D;6."
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:3 [
                      "titulo" => "Evidence-based&#44; agreed-upon health priorities to remedy the tuberculosis patient&#39;s economic disaster&#46;"
                      "idioma" => "en"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "Sotgiu G"
                            1 => "Mauch V"
                            2 => "Migliori GB"
                            3 => "Benedetti A&#46;"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1183/09031936.00064314"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Eur Respir J. "
                        "fecha" => "2014"
                        "volumen" => "43"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1563"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1566"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24881058"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            3 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib21"
              "etiqueta" => "4"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:3 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Towards tuberculosis elimination: an action framework for low&#x002D;incidence countries. Eur Respir J. 2015; 45:928&#x002D;52."
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:3 [
                      "titulo" => "Towards tuberculosis elimination&#58; an action framework for low-incidence countries&#46;"
                      "idioma" => "en"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:7 [
                            0 => "L&#246;nnroth K"
                            1 => "Migliori GB"
                            2 => "Abubakar I"
                            3 => "D&#8217;Ambrosio L"
                            4 => "de Vries G"
                            5 => "Diel R"
                            6 => "et-al&#46;"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1183/09031936.00214014"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Eur Respir J. "
                        "fecha" => "2015"
                        "volumen" => "45"
                        "paginaInicial" => "928"
                        "paginaFinal" => "952"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25792630"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            4 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib22"
              "etiqueta" => "5"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:3 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "European Forum for TB Innovation Old ideas to innovate tuberculosis control: preventive treatment to achieve elimination. Eur Respir J. 2013; 42:785&#x002D;801."
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:3 [
                      "titulo" => "European Forum for TB Innovation Old ideas to innovate tuberculosis control&#58; preventive treatment to achieve elimination&#46;"
                      "idioma" => "en"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:7 [
                            0 => "Diel R"
                            1 => "Loddenkemper R"
                            2 => "Zellweger JP"
                            3 => "Sotgiu G"
                            4 => "D&#8217;Ambrosio L"
                            5 => "Centis R"
                            6 => "et-al&#46;"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1183/09031936.00205512"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Eur Respir J. "
                        "fecha" => "2013"
                        "volumen" => "42"
                        "paginaInicial" => "785"
                        "paginaFinal" => "801"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23397299"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            5 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib23"
              "etiqueta" => "6"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:3 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "TB Elimination: theory and practice in Europe. Eur Respir J. 2014; 43:1410&#x002D;20."
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:3 [
                      "titulo" => "TB Elimination&#58; theory and practice in Europe&#46;"
                      "idioma" => "en"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:7 [
                            0 => "D&#8217;Ambrosio L"
                            1 => "Dara M"
                            2 => "Tadolini M"
                            3 => "Centis R"
                            4 => "Sotgiu G"
                            5 => "van der Werf MJ"
                            6 => "et-al&#46;"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1183/09031936.00198813"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Eur Respir J. "
                        "fecha" => "2014"
                        "volumen" => "43"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1410"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1420"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24389868"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            6 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib24"
              "etiqueta" => "7"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:3 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "History of tuberculosis and drug resistance. N Engl J Med. 2013; 368:88&#x002D;9."
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:3 [
                      "titulo" => "History of tuberculosis and drug resistance&#46;"
                      "idioma" => "en"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "Sotgiu G"
                            1 => "Spanevello A"
                            2 => "Migliori GB&#46;"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1056/NEJMc1212308#SA2"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "N Engl J Med. "
                        "fecha" => "2013"
                        "volumen" => "368"
                        "paginaInicial" => "88"
                        "paginaFinal" => "89"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23281997"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            7 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib25"
              "etiqueta" => "8"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:3 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Management of latent <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> infection: WHO guidelines for low tuberculosis burden countries. Eur Respir J. 2015; 24:."
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:3 [
                      "titulo" => "Management of latent <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mycobacterium tuberculosis</span> infection&#58; WHO guidelines for low tuberculosis burden countries&#46;"
                      "idioma" => "en"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:7 [
                            0 => "Getahun H"
                            1 => "Matteelli A"
                            2 => "Abubakar I"
                            3 => "Aziz MA"
                            4 => "Baddeley A"
                            5 => "Barreira D"
                            6 => "et-al&#46;"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:3 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Eur Respir J. "
                        "fecha" => "2015"
                        "volumen" => "24"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            8 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib26"
              "etiqueta" => "9"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:3 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Ensuring rational introduction and responsible use of new TB tools: outcome of an ERS multisector consultation. Eur Respir J. 2014; 44:1412&#x002D;7."
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:3 [
                      "titulo" => "Ensuring rational introduction and responsible use of new TB tools&#58; outcome of an ERS multisector consultation&#46;"
                      "idioma" => "en"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "Migliori GB"
                            1 => "Lienhardt C"
                            2 => "Weyer K"
                            3 => "van der Werf MJ"
                            4 => "Blasi F"
                            5 => "Raviglione MC&#46;"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1183/09031936.00132114"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Eur Respir J. "
                        "fecha" => "2014"
                        "volumen" => "44"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1412"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1417"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25435528"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            9 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib27"
              "etiqueta" => "10"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:3 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Global tuberculosis report 2014. WHO/HTM/TB2014.08. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2014."
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:3 [
                      "titulo" => "Global tuberculosis report 2014&#46; WHO&#47;HTM&#47;TB2014&#46;08&#46;"
                      "idioma" => "es"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "World Health Organization&#46;"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Libro" => array:2 [
                        "titulo" => "Global tuberculosis report 2014&#46; WHO&#47;HTM&#47;TB2014&#46;08&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2014"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            10 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib28"
              "etiqueta" => "11"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:3 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Comparison of tuberculosis surveillance systems in low&#x002D;incidence industrialised countries. Eur Respir J. 2008; 32:1616&#x002D;24."
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:3 [
                      "titulo" => "Comparison of tuberculosis surveillance systems in low-incidence industrialised countries&#46;"
                      "idioma" => "en"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "Mor Z"
                            1 => "Migliori GB"
                            2 => "Althomsons SP"
                            3 => "Loddenkemper R"
                            4 => "Trnka L"
                            5 => "Iademarco MF&#46;"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1183/09031936.00042908"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Eur Respir J. "
                        "fecha" => "2008"
                        "volumen" => "32"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1616"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1624"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18684850"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            11 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib29"
              "etiqueta" => "12"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:3 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Tuberculosis surveillance and monitoring in Europe 2015. Stockholm: European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control; 2015. Available at: <inter&#x002D;ref>http://ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications/Publications/tuberculosis&#x002D;surveillance&#x002D;monitoring&#x002D;Europe&#x002D;2015.pdf</inter&#x002D;ref>"
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:3 [
                      "titulo" => "Tuberculosis surveillance and monitoring in Europe 2015&#46;"
                      "idioma" => "en"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control&#47;WHO Regional Office for Europe&#46;"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Libro" => array:2 [
                        "titulo" => "Tuberculosis surveillance and monitoring in Europe 2015&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2015"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            12 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib30"
              "etiqueta" => "13"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:3 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Risk factors for mortality among adult patients with newly diagnosed tuberculosis in Samara, Russia. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2006; 10:1224&#x002D;30."
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:3 [
                      "titulo" => "Risk factors for mortality among adult patients with newly diagnosed tuberculosis in Samara&#44; Russia&#46;"
                      "idioma" => "en"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "Kourbatova EV"
                            1 => "Borodulin BE"
                            2 => "Borodulina EA"
                            3 => "del Rio C"
                            4 => "Blumberg HM"
                            5 => "Leonard MK&#46;"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. "
                        "fecha" => "2006"
                        "volumen" => "10"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1224"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1230"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17131780"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            13 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib31"
              "etiqueta" => "14"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:3 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Tuberculosis mortality: patient characteristics and causes. BMC Infect Dis. 2014; 14:5. PMID: <inter&#x002D;ref>24387757</inter&#x002D;ref>"
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:3 [
                      "titulo" => "Tuberculosis mortality&#58; patient characteristics and causes&#46;"
                      "idioma" => "en"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:7 [
                            0 => "Lin CH"
                            1 => "Lin CJ"
                            2 => "Kuo YW"
                            3 => "Wang JY"
                            4 => "Hsu CL"
                            5 => "Chen JM"
                            6 => "et-al&#46;"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1186/1471-2334-14-5"
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "BMC Infect Dis. "
                        "fecha" => "2014"
                        "volumen" => "14"
                        "paginaInicial" => "5"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24387757"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            14 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib32"
              "etiqueta" => "15"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:3 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Risk factors of treatment default and death among tuberculosis patients in a resource&#x002D;limited setting. Asian Pac J Trop Med. 2014; 7:977&#x002D;84."
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:3 [
                      "titulo" => "Risk factors of treatment default and death among tuberculosis patients in a resource-limited setting&#46;"
                      "idioma" => "en"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "Alobu I"
                            1 => "Oshi SN"
                            2 => "Oshi DC"
                            3 => "Ukwaja KN&#46;"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/S1995-7645(14)60172-3"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Asian Pac J Trop Med. "
                        "fecha" => "2014"
                        "volumen" => "7"
                        "paginaInicial" => "977"
                        "paginaFinal" => "984"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25479627"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            15 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib33"
              "etiqueta" => "16"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:3 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Independent predictors of tuberculosis mortality in a high HIV prevalence setting: a retrospective cohort study. AIDS Res Ther. 2015; 12:35."
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:3 [
                      "titulo" => "Independent predictors of tuberculosis mortality in a high HIV prevalence setting&#58; a retrospective cohort study&#46;"
                      "idioma" => "en"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "Pepper DJ"
                            1 => "Schomaker M"
                            2 => "Wilkinson RJ"
                            3 => "de Azevedo V"
                            4 => "Maartens G&#46;"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1186/s12981-015-0076-5"
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "AIDS Res Ther. "
                        "fecha" => "2015"
                        "volumen" => "12"
                        "paginaInicial" => "35"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26448780"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            16 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib34"
              "etiqueta" => "17"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:3 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Tuberculosis in Malaysia: predictors of treatment outcomes in a national registry. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2015; 19:764&#x002D;71."
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:3 [
                      "titulo" => "Tuberculosis in Malaysia&#58; predictors of treatment outcomes in a national registry&#46;"
                      "idioma" => "en"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:7 [
                            0 => "Liew SM"
                            1 => "Khoo EM"
                            2 => "Ho BK"
                            3 => "Lee YK"
                            4 => "Mimi O"
                            5 => "Fazlina MY"
                            6 => "et-al&#46;"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.5588/ijtld.14.0767"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. "
                        "fecha" => "2015"
                        "volumen" => "19"
                        "paginaInicial" => "764"
                        "paginaFinal" => "771"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26056099"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
  ]
  "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
  "url" => "/08732159/0000002100000006/v0_201604141141/X0873215915459661/v0_201604141141/en/main.assets"
  "Apartado" => array:4 [
    "identificador" => "50811"
    "tipo" => "SECCION"
    "es" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "Editorials"
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
  ]
  "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/08732159/0000002100000006/v0_201604141141/X0873215915459661/v0_201604141141/en/320v21n06a90445966pdf001.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004E&text.app=https://journalpulmonology.org/"
  "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/X0873215915459661?idApp=UINPBA00004E"
]
Article information
ISSN: 08732159
Original language: English
The statistics are updated each day
Year/Month Html Pdf Total
2024 November 7 8 15
2024 October 32 31 63
2024 September 18 12 30
2024 August 24 22 46
2024 July 69 43 112
2024 June 54 30 84
2024 May 72 43 115
2024 April 63 34 97
2024 March 44 27 71
2024 February 38 27 65
2024 January 32 18 50
2023 December 24 29 53
2023 November 35 36 71
2023 October 24 32 56
2023 September 35 37 72
2023 August 29 16 45
2023 July 28 31 59
2023 June 26 14 40
2023 May 46 22 68
2023 April 31 30 61
2023 March 62 16 78
2023 February 43 25 68
2023 January 27 20 47
2022 December 57 19 76
2022 November 79 39 118
2022 October 82 29 111
2022 September 74 31 105
2022 August 67 37 104
2022 July 36 43 79
2022 June 37 38 75
2022 May 42 46 88
2022 April 32 34 66
2022 March 36 40 76
2022 February 45 32 77
2022 January 32 37 69
2021 December 28 38 66
2021 November 39 37 76
2021 October 32 41 73
2021 September 25 32 57
2021 August 32 22 54
2021 July 23 14 37
2021 June 26 25 51
2021 May 32 26 58
2021 April 110 94 204
2021 March 95 28 123
2021 February 64 13 77
2021 January 53 17 70
2020 December 41 14 55
2020 November 59 24 83
2020 October 48 14 62
2020 September 53 27 80
2020 August 80 24 104
2020 July 102 20 122
2020 June 92 23 115
2020 May 86 21 107
2020 April 110 33 143
2020 March 115 14 129
2020 February 81 44 125
2020 January 96 15 111
2019 December 80 18 98
2019 November 68 11 79
2019 October 60 18 78
2019 September 54 15 69
2019 August 103 13 116
2019 July 144 14 158
2019 June 135 11 146
2019 May 112 14 126
2019 April 145 41 186
2019 March 182 13 195
2019 February 112 7 119
2019 January 147 38 185
2018 December 99 11 110
2018 November 39 3 42
2018 October 33 9 42
2018 September 12 4 16
2018 August 51 30 81
2018 July 28 20 48
2018 June 37 12 49
2018 May 43 23 66
2018 April 54 19 73
2018 March 103 18 121
2018 February 42 20 62
2018 January 75 13 88
2017 December 118 26 144
2017 November 51 16 67
2017 October 22 12 34
2017 September 19 14 33
2017 August 23 17 40
2017 July 12 14 26
2017 June 20 12 32
2017 May 21 21 42
2017 April 15 13 28
2017 March 13 14 27
2017 February 8 7 15
2017 January 11 6 17
2016 December 34 14 48
2016 November 22 13 35
2016 October 26 11 37
2016 September 22 18 40
2016 August 17 24 41
2016 July 26 72 98
2016 June 1 0 1
2016 May 2 0 2
2016 April 16 1 17
2016 March 28 12 40
2016 February 41 26 67
2016 January 73 48 121
2015 December 74 53 127
Show all

Follow this link to access the full text of the article

Pulmonology

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?