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Vol. 10. Issue 6.
Pages 463-474 (November - December 2004)
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Vol. 10. Issue 6.
Pages 463-474 (November - December 2004)
ARTIGO ORIGINAL/ORIGINAL ARTICLE
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Estudo cárdio-respiratório do sono domiciliário em crianças. Será exequível?
Home cardiorespiratory sleep study in children. Will it be feasible?
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Adelina Amorim*, Maria Sucena*, João Carlos Winck**, João Almeida***
* Interna Complementar de Pneumologia do Hospital de S. João, Hospital de S. João, Serviço de Pneumologia – Unidade de Fisiopatologia e Reabilitação Respiratória.
** Assistente graduado de Pneumologia do Hospital de S. João, Hospital de S. João, Serviço de Pneumologia – Unidade de Fisiopatologia e Reabilitação Respiratória.
*** Chefe de Serviço de Pneumologia do Hospital de S. João, Hospital de S. João, Serviço de Pneumologia – Unidade de Fisiopatologia e Reabilitação Respiratória.
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RESUMO

A síndroma de apneia obstrutiva do sono é comum em crianças, podendo associar-se a graves complicações. A polissonografia nocturna mantém-se como gold standard no diagnóstico desta patologia. Dada a escassez de laboratórios do sono, nomeadamente com “perfil pediátrico”, têm-se vindo a usar outras técnicas de screening.

O objectivo deste trabalho foi estudar a rentabilidade dos estudos cárdio-respiratórios do sono domiciliários realizados em crianças.

Desde Janeiro de 1999 a Junho de 2003 foram realizados 33 estudos cardio-respiratórios do sono domiciliários em crianças.

Foram estudadas 31, com uma média de idades de 10,6+/-3,4 anos, sendo 21 do sexo masculino. Em 5 doentes existiam malformações cránio-faciais, em 2 doenças neuromusculares e 10 crianças eram obesas. Os sinais de fluxo nasal e de saturação do oxigénio foram bons/razoáveis em 67,7% e 96,8% doentes, respectivamente. Apenas em 2 casos o registo foi nulo.

O valor médio do índice de apneia-hipopneia foi de 10,7+/-12,3/hora, a saturação média de oxigénio de 95,6%+/-3,0 %, a saturação mínima de 82,2 %+/ /-9,2% e o índice de dessaturação de 12,5+/-10,7/ /hora. A síndroma de apneia obstrutiva do sono foi confirmada/sugestiva em 30 (91%) doentes. O índice de apneia-hipopneia e o índice de dessaturação foi mais elevado no grupo de crianças commalformações cránio-faciais e doenças neuromusculares comparativamente com as crianças obesas (26,3 vs 10,5 e 21,5 vs 11,3, respectivamente) mas sem significado estatístico.

Na nossa experiência, o estudo cárdio-respiratório do sono domiciliário tem-se revelado um método de diagnóstico facilmente aplicável nas crianças. Ao fornecer mais informações objectivas do que outras técnicas de screening, poderá certamente avaliar com mais segurança a existência de patologia respiratória do sono e constituir uma alternativa possível à polissonografia.

REV PORT PNEUMOL 2004; X (6): 463-474

Palavras-chave:
Estudos cárdio-respiratórios do sono domiciliários
síndroma de apneia do sono
crianças
ABSTRACT

Childhood obstructive sleep apnea syndrome is a common condition and can result in serious complications. The nocturnal polysomnography remains the gold standard in the diagnosis of this pathology. Given the scarcity of sleep laboratories, namely with paediatric profile, screening techniques have been commonly used.

It was our aim to study the yield of the home cardiorespiratory sleep studies carried out in children.

Since January of 1999 until June of 2003, 33 home cardiorespiratory sleep studies were performed in children.

We studied 31 children (21 male) with a median age of 10,6+/-3,4years. Five children had craniofacial malformations, 2 neuromuscular diseases and 10 were obese. The signals of nasal flow and saturation were good/acceptable in 67,7% and 96,8% of the cases, respectively. In 2 cases the register was null.

Average of apnea-hypopnea index was of 10,7+/-12,3/hour, average saturation of 95,6%+/-3,0 %, minimum saturation of 82,2 %+/-9,2% and dessaturation index of 12,5+/-10,7/hour. Childhood obstructive sleep apnea syndrome was confirmed/ suggested in 30 children. The apnea-hypopnea index and the dessaturation index were significantly higher in the group of children with craniofacial malformations and neuromuscular disorders comparatively to children with obesity (26,3 versus 10,5 and 21,5 versus 11,3, respectively) but without statistical significance.

In our experience, home cardiorespiratory sleep studies is a diagnostic method easily used in children. This method gives more information comparatively to other screening techniques so that it can evaluate with more accuracy the existence of sleep disordered breathing and may be a possible alternative to polysomnography.

REV PORT PNEUMOL 2004; X (6): 463-474

Key-words:
Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome
home cardiorespiratory sleep studies
children
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Copyright © 2004. Sociedade Portuguesa de Pneumologia/SPP
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