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Vol. 7. Issue 2.
Pages 125-137 (March - April 2001)
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Vol. 7. Issue 2.
Pages 125-137 (March - April 2001)
ARTIGO ORIGINAL/ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Open Access
Linfoma B Difuso de Grandes Células Esclerosante do Mediastino
Mediastinal Diffuse Large-cell Lymphoma With Sclerosis
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Ma. Teresa Magalhães Godinho1, João Paulo Fernandes2, Madalena Ramos3, Emílio Moreira1, Francisco Félix1
1 Serviço de Cirurgia Torácica. Hospital de Pulido Valente. Lisboa. Portugal
2 Serviço de Hcmatologia, Hospital de Sto António dos Capuchos, Lisboa, Portugal
3 Serviço de Anatomia Patológica. Hospital de Pulido Valente. Lisboa. Portugal
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RESUMO

Objectivos: Estabelecer a apresentação clínica, diagnóstico, tratamento e prognóstico do linfoma B difuso de grandes células esclerosante do mediastino. Apesar de conhecido dcsde 1980, este linfoma B de alto grau de malignidade com origem no timo, e, ainda hoje, muitas vezes confundido com tumores germinativos, carcinoma do timo, ou Doença de Hodgkin e correlacionado com urn mau prognóstico. Métodos: Revisão de 12 doentes com Linfoma difuso de grandcs células do mediastino anterior, diagnosticados no nosso Seniço entre 1993 e Junho de 2000. Resultados: O grupo é constituido por 10 mulheres e 2 homens, com idades compreendidas entre os 17 e os 59 anos (média 28; mediana 24). Todos os doentes cram sintomaticos. A radiografia do tórax mostrava uma massa de grandes dimcnsões, situada no mediastino anterior, por vezes acompanhada de derrame pleural (4 docntes) e/ou pericárdico (2 doentes). Na TAC tonácica, eram visíveis áreas de atenuação hfdrica e de necrose. Três doentes fueram Ressonancia Magnética do tórax. Analiticamente, estes casos caracterizaram-se por valores elevados da LDH sérica, com β2 microglobulina normal. As biópsias foram realizadas por mediastinotomia anterior em 9 doentes e por toracotomia lateral nos outros 3. Anatomo-patologicamente foram identificados aspectos característicos dos Linfomas difusos de grandes cclulas com esclerose e a origem B confirmada por imuno-histoquímica. Os doentes foram submctidos a Quimioterapia (CHOP) e Radioterapia (35-45Gy). A taxa de remissao completa foi de 75%. Nove doentes estao vivos e Iivres de doença 6 meses a 7 anos após o diagnostico.

Conclusão: 0 Linfoma difuso de grandes celulas esclerosante do mediastino apresenta-se como urn tumor volumoso do mediastino anterior, essencialmente na mulher jovem. Os doentes sao habitualmente sintomaticos. A radiografia de torax e a TAC mostram uma massa de grandes dimensões, no mediastino anterior, com areas de necrose. O prognóstico deste grupo de doentes, na nossa experiencia, parece melhor do que o de outras formas de Linfomas não Hodgkin, com Quimioterapia intensiva e Radioterapia de consolidação.

REV PORT PNEUMOL 2001; VII (2): 125-137

Palavras-chave:
Mediastina
Tumores do mediastino
Linfoma não Hodgkin
Linfoma csclerosante
ABSTRACT

Objective: To assess the clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of mediastinal diffuse large-cell lymphoma with sclerosis. Although known since 1980, this high-grade B-cell lymphoma of thymic origin is still often misdiagnosed for germinoma, thymic carcinoma or Hodgkin's disease and correlated with a poor prognosis.

Methods: We reviewed the records of 12 patients with diffuse large-cell lymphoma of the anterior mediastinum operated in our Department between 1993 and 2000 (June).

Results: The group comprises 10 women and 2 men, whose ages range from 17 to 59 years (mean: 28; median 24). All patients were symptomatic. Chest X­ ray showed a bulky mass in the anterior mediastinum with pleural (4 patients) and/or pericardial effusions (2 patients). Areas of fluid attenuation and necrosis were evident in CT scan.

MR imaging was performed in 3 patients. Bioptic specimens were obtained by anterior mediastinotomy (9 patients) or lateral thoracotomy (3 patients). Characteristic aspects of diffuse large-cell lymphoma with sclerosis were identified and B-cell origin was confirmed immunohistochemically. Patients were treated by chemotherapy (CHOP) and radiotherapy (35-45GY). The complete remission rate is 75 %. 9 patients are alive and free of disease 6 months to 7 years after diagnosis.

Conclusion: Mediastinal diffuse large-cell lymphoma with sclerosis presents as a bulky tumour of anterior mediastinum predominantly in young females. Patients are usually symptomatic. Chest X­ ray and CT scan disclose a large mass in the anterior mediastinum with areas of necrosis. The prognosis of this subset of patients, in our experience, tend to be better than for other forms of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, with high-grade chemotherapy and consolidation radiotherapy.

REV PORT PNEUMOL 2001; VII (2): 125-137

Key-words:
Mediastinum
Mediastinal tumors
Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
Large-cell lymphoma
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Copyright © 2001. Sociedade Portuguesa de Pneumologia/SPP
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