Journal Information
Vol. 12. Issue 4.
Pages 401-446 (July - August 2006)
Share
Share
Download PDF
More article options
Vol. 12. Issue 4.
Pages 401-446 (July - August 2006)
Full text access
Marcos históricos no estudo do cancro do pulmão
Historic landmarks in the study of lung cancer
Visits
1200
Renato Sotto-Mayor**
** Chefe de Serviço de Pneumologia. Coordenador do Serviço de Pneumologia do Hospital de Santa Maria. Assistente Convidado da Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa
This item has received
Article information
Resumo

No presente trabalho evocam-se os marcos históricos no estudo do cancro do pulmão, desde as suas primeiras descrições até finais do século XX.

Acompanha-se o nascer da nova entidade clínica, realçam-se as dificuldades do seu diagnóstico, o aumento progressivo da sua incidência, e discute-se a evolução dos conceitos no que se refere aos factores etiológicos, com especial ênfase para o tabagismo.

Paralelamente, abordam-se os aspectos clínicos e as novas conquistas no campo da imagiologia, das técnicas endoscópicas e biópticas, assim como as classificações histopatológicas dos tumores broncopulmonares e os respectivos sistemas de estadiamento ao longo das épocas, a importância dos rastreios, e as diferentes armas terapêuticas que sucessivamente foram estando disponíveis.

Dá-se também atenção às escalas de avaliação do estado fiosiológico dos doentes, aos critérios de avaliação da resposta à terapêutica oncostática e ao papel que algumas sociedades científicas e associações médicas internacionais e portuguesas tiveram nos progressos alcançados na área do saber médico relacionado com o cancro do pulmão, não esquecendo de apontar, nos momentos próprios, os intervenientes de cada conquista alcançada.

É uma história aliciante – como é o da medicina em geral – que consideramos importante conhecermos, para melhor compreendermos o presente.

Palavras-chave:
História
medicina
cancro do pulmão
Abstract

This study reviews the milestones which have been reached in the study of lung cancer, from its first early descriptions up until the end of the twentieth century.

The study accompanies the birth of this new clinical entity, underlining the difficulties inherent in its diagnosis, its ever-growing increase and traces the growth of its aetiological factors, placing particular emphasis on smoking.

In tandem with this, the study delves into the clinical aspects, along with new discoveries in imaging techniques and endoscopic and bioscopic techniques. It also looks at the histopathological classifications of bronchopulmonary tumours and the various staging systems which have been used over the course of time as well as the importance of mapping the disease and the different treatment weapons which have successively become available in the fight against it.

The study also takes a look at the scales used in evaluating patients’ physiological condition, the criteria used in evaluating response to oncostatic treatment and the role some international and national scientific societies and medical associations have played in adding to the increasing medical knowledge of lung cancer. The study clearly shows to whom we are indebted for each advance.

This is a fascinating sweep of history – as is the story of all medical progress – and one we feel is important to understand, in order for us to see more clearly where we are now.

Key-words:
History
medicine
lung cancer
Full text is only aviable in PDF
Bibliografia
[1.]
F. Adams.
The genuine works of Hippocrates, translated from the Greek, with a preliminary discourse and annotations, Sydenham Society, (1849),
[2.]
I. Adler.
Primary malignant growths of the lungs and bronchi. A Pathological and Clinical Study.
Longmans, Green & Co, (1912),
[3.]
J. Alexander, C. Haight.
Pulmonary resection for solitary metastatic sarcoma and carcinoma.
Surg Gynecol Obstet, 85 (1947), pp. 129-146
[4.]
Cl Allan, F.J. Smith.
Primary carcinoma of the lung with report of case treated by operation.
Surg Gynecol Obstet, 55 (1932), pp. 151-155
[5.]
P.R. Allison.
Intrapericardial approach to the lung root in the treatment of bronchial carcinoma by dissection pneumonectomy.
J Thorac Surg, 15 (1946), pp. 104
[6.]
T.T. Amatruda, P.J. Mulrow, J.C. Gallagher, W.H. Sawyer.
Carcinoma of the lung with inappropriate antidiuresis. Demonstration of antidiuretic-hormone-like activity in tumour extract.
N Engl J Med, 269 (1963), pp. 544-549
[7.]
American Cancer Society and the Veterans Administration.
An evaluation of radiologic and cytologic sceening for the early detection of lung cancer: a cooperative pilot study of the American Cancer Society and the Veterans Administration.
Cancer Res, 26 (1966), pp. 2083-2121
[8.]
American Society of Clinical Oncology.
Clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of unresectable non-small-cell lung cancer.
J Clin Oncol, 15 (1997), pp. 2996-3018
[9.]
American Society of Clinical Oncology.
Treatment of unresectable non-small-cell lung cancer guideline: update 2003.
J Clin Oncol, 22 (2004), pp. 330-353
[10.]
E. Archibaldi.
Discussed in Churchill ED. The surgical treatment of carcinoma of the lung.
J Thorac Surg, 2 (1933), pp. 254-261
[11.]
M.G. Arrigoni, L.B. Woolner, P.E. Bernatz.
Atypical carcinoid tumors of the lung.
J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 64 (1972), pp. 413-421
[12.]
O. Auerbach, B. Gere, J.B. Forman, et al.
Changes in bronchial epithelium in relation to smoking and cancer of the lung.
N Engl J Med, 256 (1957), pp. 97-104
[13.]
O. Auerbach, E.D. Hammond, D. Kirmian, L. Garfinkel.
Effects of cigarette smoking on dogs II: pulmonary neoplasms.
Arch Environ Health, 21 (1970), pp. 754-768
[14.]
M.Q. Baggstrom, M.A. Socinski, T.A. Hensing, et al.
Third generation chemotherapy regimens improve survival over second generation regimens in stage IIIB/IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): a meta-analysis of the published literature.
Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol, 21 (2002), pp. 306a
[15.]
M. Bariéty, C.H. Coury.
Histoire de la Médecine.
Presses Universitaires de France, (1971),
[16.]
M. Bariéty, J. Delarue, J. Palilas, R. Rulliére.
Les carcinomes bronchiques primitifs.
Masson et Cie Editeurs, (1967),
[17.]
J.E. Barkley, M.R. Green.
Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma.
J Clin Oncol, 14 (1996), pp. 2377-2386
[18.]
W.G. Barnard.
The nature of the “oat celled sarcoma” of the mediastinum.
J Pathol Bacteriol, 29 (1926), pp. 241-244
[19.]
J.D. Barney, E.J. Churchill.
Adenocarcinoma of the kidney with metastasis to the lung cured by nephrectomy and lobectomy.
J Urol, 42 (1939), pp. 269-276
[20.]
F.C. Bartter, W.B. Schwartz.
The syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone.
Am J Med, 42 (1967), pp. 790-806
[21.]
G.H. Bayle.
Recherchés sur la Phtisie Pulmonaire.
Gabon, (1810),
[22.]
S.B. Baylin, et al.
Variable content of histaminase, L Dopa decarboxylase and calcitonin in small cell carcinoma of the lung biologic and clinical implications.
N Engl J Med, 299 (1978), pp. 105-110
[23.]
H.D. Becker, B.R. Marsh.
History of the rigid bronchoscopy.
pp. 2-15
[24.]
W.S. Beckett.
Epidemiology and etiology of lung cancer.
Clin Chest Med, 14 (1993), pp. 1-15
[25.]
Bejach E. Die Tabakgegnerisch Bewegung in Deutschland mit Berûcksichtigung der Ausserdeutschen Tabakgnerbewegungen. Thesis, University of Berlin, 1927.
[26.]
J.H. Bennett.
On cancerous and cancroid growth.
Sutherland and Knox, (1849),
[27.]
Bennett JH. Clinical lectures on the principles and practice of medicine, ed 2, Edinburgh, 1858; 690.
[28.]
K.G. Bensch, G.B. Gordon, L.R. Miller.
Electron microscopic and biochemical studies of the bronchial carcinoid tumour.
Cancer, 18 (1965), pp. 592-602
[29.]
K.G. Bensch, et al.
Oat cell carcinoma of the lung.
Cancer, 22 (1968), pp. 1163-1172
[30.]
T. Billroth.
Beobachtungen ûber geschwûtste der speicheldrûssen.
Virchows Arch Pathol Anat, 17 (1859), pp. 357-375
[31.]
D. Biondi.
Extirpazione del pulmone.
G Intern S Med, 4 (1882), pp. 759-760
[32.]
E. Bjelke.
Dietary vitamin A and human lung cancer.
Int J Cancer, 15 (1975), pp. 561-565
[33.]
F. Bloch, W.W. Hansen, M.E. Packard.
Nuclear induction.
Phys Rev, 69 (1946), pp. 127
[34.]
E.-F. Bouisson.
Tribut à la Chirurgie.
Baillière, (1858),
[35.]
E.-F. Bouisson.
Du cancer buccal chez les fumeurs.
Montpellier Med, 2 (1859), pp. 539-599
[37.]
E. Brambilla.
Classification des cancers bronchopulmonaires (OMS 1999).
Rev Mal Respir, 19 (2002), pp. 455-466
[38.]
E. Brambilla, W.D. Travis, T.V. Colby, B. Corrin, Y. Shimosato.
The New World Health Organization classification of lung tumours.
Eur Respir J, 18 (2001), pp. 1059-1068
[39.]
G.Z. Brett.
The value of lung cancer detection by sixmonthly chest radiographs.
Thorax, 23 (1968), pp. 414-420
[40.]
L.A. Brewer.
Historical notes on lung cancer before and after Graham's successful pneumonectomy in 1933.
Am J Surg Pathol, 143 (1982), pp. 650-659
[41.]
W.H. Brown.
A case of pluriglandular syndrome: diabetes of bearded women.
Lancet, 2 (1928), pp. 1022-1023
[42.]
H.B. Brunn.
Surgical principles underlying one stage lobectomy.
Arch Surg, 18 (1929), pp. 490-496
[43.]
P. Bruns.
Die heilwirkung des erysipels auf geschwulste.
Beitrage Kin Chir, 3 (1887), pp. 443-466
[44.]
G. Buccheri.
Tumor Markers: Clinical Meaning and Use.
pp. 435-452
[45.]
F.M. Burnet.
Cancer, a biological approach.
Br Med J, 1 (1957), pp. 844-852
[46.]
W. Busch.
Verhandlungen des Naturh Preuss Rheinl, (1866),
[47.]
E. Carlens.
Mediastinoscopy. A method for inspection and tissue biopsy in the superior mediastinum.
Dis Chest, 36 (1959), pp. 343-348
[48.]
J. Carvalhal, R. Sotto-Mayor, E. Teixeira, J. Valença, J. Maçanita, M. Freitas e Costa.
The effect of carcinoembryonic antigen and the neuron specific enolase in the diagnosis and staging of lung cancer.
Eur Respir J, 2 (1989), pp. 682s
[49.]
L. Carvalho.
Contribuição para o conhecimento da biopatologia do carcinoma broncopulmonar.
Tese de Doutoramento, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Coimbra, (1995),
[50.]
S. Cavaliere, P. Foccoli, C. Toninelli, et al.
Nd-YAG laser therapy in lung cancer: An 11 year experience with 2253 applications in 1585 patients.
J Bronchol, 1 (1994), pp. 105-111
[51.]
W.M. Chardak, J.D. MacCallun.
Pancoast tumor (5 yr survival without recurrence or metastases following radical resection and postoperative irradiation).
J Thorac Surg, 31 (1956), pp. 535-542
[52.]
A. Chariton.
Tobacco and lung cancer.
New perspectives in lung cancer, pp. 1-18
[53.]
M. Chaves Loureiro, F. Barata, E. Teixeira.
Cancro do Pulmão.
25 Perguntas Frequentes em Pneumologia (Coordenadores: Mª João Marques Gomes, Renato Sotto- Mayor),
[54.]
J.Y. Choi, S. Kang, J. Byun, Y. Kim, S. Lee.
Radiofrequency ablation of lung cancer: Preliminary report.
J Korean Radiol Soc, 45 (2001), pp. 271-275
[55.]
E.D. Churchill.
The surgical treatment of carcinoma of the lung.
J Thorac Surg, 2 (1933), pp. 254-261
[56.]
E. Churchill, H.R. Belsey.
Segmental pneumonectomy in bronchiectasis.
Ann Surg, 109 (1939), pp. 481-485
[57.]
J. Clemmesen.
Statistical studies in malignant neoplasms. I.
Review and results, Munksgaard, (1965),
[58.]
J. Cocke.
J. Churchill, (1865),
[59.]
F.P. Coleman.
Primary carcinoma of the lung with invasion of ribs: pneumonectomy and simultaneous block resection of chest wall.
Ann Surg, 126 (1947), pp. 156-158
[60.]
W.B. Coley.
The treatment of malignant tumors by repeated innoculations of erysipelas-with a report of 10 original cases.
Am J Med Sci, 105 (1893), pp. 48-51
[61.]
Comissão de Pneumologia Oncológica da SPPR.
Cancro do pulmão Dados estatísticos de dez serviços hospitalares (1988 90).
Arq SPPR, X (1993), pp. 177-184
[62.]
Committee on TNM classification malignant tumors of the lung: clinical stage classification and presentation of results. In Anonymous (ed). Geneva: International Union Against Cancer (UICC), 1966.
[63.]
J. Conde.
Ambiente e carcinoma broncogénico.
Med Cir, 4 (1984), pp. 281-300
[64.]
M.M. Copeland.
Committee on cancer staging and end results reporting: origin, objectives, and program.
Bull Am Coll Surg, 47 (1962), pp. 235
[65.]
Y. Cormier, et al.
Beneficts of polychemotherapy in advanced non-small-cell bronchogenic carcinoma.
Cancer, 50 (1982), pp. 845-849
[66.]
D.A. Cortese, J.H. Kinsey.
Endoscopic management of lung cancer with hematoporphyrin derivative phototherapy.
Mayo Clin Proc, 57 (1982), pp. 543-547
[67.]
A. Costa.
Porque “não existe” cancro pulmonar profissional em Portugal.
Rev Port Pneumol, 2 (1996), pp. 119-125
[68.]
S.A. Craven.
Georgius Agricola: 1494–1555: Mining engineer and physician.
S Afr Med J, 87 (1997), pp. 611-612
[69.]
M. Cullen.
Lung Cancer.
A comprehensive slide lecture set, Cheshire, Gardiner Caldwell Communications, (1990),
[70.]
J. Czernin, M.E. Phelps.
Positron emission tomography scanning: Current and future applicatins.
[71.]
S.E. Dahlgren, B. Nordenstrom.
Transthoracic needle biopsy.
Year Book Medical, (1996),
[72.]
R. Damadian, M. Goldsmith, L. Minkoff.
NMR in cancer: Fonar image of the live human body.
Phisiol Chem Phys, 8 (1977), pp. 97-108
[73.]
T.M. Daniel.
René Théophile Hyacinthe Laënnec and the founding of pulmonary medicine.
Int J Tuberc Lung Dis, 8 (2004), pp. 517-518
[74.]
G. Davey Smith, S.A. Ströbele, M. Egger.
Smoking and health promotion in Nazi Germany.
J Epidemiol Comm Health, 48 (1994), pp. 220-223
[75.]
H.M. Davies.
Recent advances in the surgery of the lung and pleura.
Br J Surg, 1 (1913-14), pp. 228-231
[76.]
M.F. Denissenko, et al.
Preferential formation of benzo(a)pyrene adduct at lung cancer mutation hotspots in p. 53.
Science, 274 (1996), pp. 430-432
[77.]
P.F. Denoix.
Enquete permanent dans les centres anticancereaux.
Bull Nat Hyg Paris, 1 (1946), pp. 70-75
[78.]
A. Depierre.
Syndromes caves supèrieurs.
Urgences et Soins Intensifs en Cancérologie, pp. 123-131
[79.]
R. Doll, A.B. Hill.
Smoking and carcinoma of the lung.
Br Med J, 2 (1950), pp. 739-748
[80.]
R. Doll, A.B. Hill.
The study of the aetiology of carcinoma of the lung.
Br J Cancer, ii (1952), pp. 1271-1286
[81.]
R. Doll, A.B. Hill.
The mortality of doctors in relation to their smoking habits. A preliminary report.
Br Med J, ii (1954), pp. 1451-1455
[82.]
R. Doll, A.B. Hill.
Lung cancer and other causes of death in relation to smoking. A second report on the mortality of British doctors.
Br Med J, ii (1956), pp. 1071-1081
[83.]
R. Doll, R. Peto.
The Causes of Cancer.
Oxford University Press, (1981),
[84.]
A. Ducla Soares, T.G. Villar.
Propedêutica Médica.
Pneumologia, (3.ª Edição), Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, (1977),
[85.]
D.E. Dupuy, W. Mayo-Smith, G.F. Abbot.
Clinical applications of radio-frequency tumor ablation in the thorax.
[86.]
D.E. Dupuy, T. DiPetrillo, S. Gandhi, N. Ready, T. Ng, W. Donat, W.W. Mayo-Smith.
Radiofrequency ablation followed by conventional radiotherapy for medically inoperable stage I non-small cell lung cancer.
Chest, 129 (2006), pp. 738-745
[87.]
D.E. Dupuy, R.J. Zagoria, W. Akerley, et al.
Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation of malignancies in the lung.
Am J Roentegenol, 174 (2000), pp. 57-59
[88.]
Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group.
Functional Assessment Scale.
Clinical Oncology. A Functional Approach, pp. 91
[89.]
E.S. Edell, D.A. Cortese.
Photodynamic therapy in the management of early superficial squamous cell carcinoma as an alternative to surgical resection.
Chest, 102 (1992), pp. 1319-1322
[90.]
E.S. Edell, D.A. Cortese, P. Weinants.
Photodynamic Therapy for Lung Cancer.
pp. 523-535
[91.]
D.B. Effler, L.K. Groves.
Superior cava obstruction.
J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 43 (1962), pp. 574-584
[92.]
J.L. Ehrenhaft, M.S. Lawrence, D.M. Sevsindy.
Pulmonary resections for metastatic lesions.
Arch Surg, 77 (1958), pp. 606
[93.]
J. Engelbreth Holm.
Benign bronchial adenomas.
Actas Chir Scand, 90 (1944-1945), pp. 383-409
[94.]
V. Espanhol.
Prognóstico do cancro do pulmão. Da clínica à biologia.
Tese de Doutoramento, Faculdade de Medicina do Porto, (1998),
[95.]
J. Ewing.
Neoplastic diseases: a treatise on tumors.
3, W B Saunders Co, (1928),
[96.]
A.R. Feinstein.
An analysis of diagnostic reasoning. 1. The domains and disorders of clinical macrobiology.
Yale J Biol Med, 46 (1973), pp. 212-232
[97.]
R. Feld, S.S. Sridhar, F.A. Shepherd, J.A. Mackay, W.K. Evans, The Lung Cancer Disease Site Group of Cancer Care Ontario's Program in Evidence-based Care.
Use of the epidermal growth factor inhibitors gefitinib and erlotinib in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer: a systematic review.
J Thorac Oncol, 1 (2006), pp. 367-376
[98.]
J. Ferlay, F. Bray, P. Pisani, et al.
GLOBOLAN 2000: Cancer Insidence, mortality and prevalence worlwide, Version 1.0.
IARC Cancer Base No 5, IARC Press, (2001),
[99.]
H. Fernando, A. De Hoyos, J. Landreneau, S. Gilbert, W.E. Gooding, P.O. Buenaventura, N.A. Christie, C. Belani, J.D. Luketich.
Radiofrequency ablation for the treatment of non-small cell lung câncer in marginal surgical candidates.
J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 129 (2005), pp. 639-644
[100.]
D. Ferrigno, G. Buccheri, A. Biggi.
Serum tumour markers in lung cancer: history, biology and clinical applications.
Eur Respir J, 7 (1994), pp. 186-197
[101.]
F. Feyrter.
Ueber diffuse endokrine epitheliale organe.
Bath, (1938),
[102.]
J.K. Field, J.H. Youngson.
The Liverpool Lung Project: A molecular epidemiological study of early lung cancer detection.
Eur Respir J, 20 (2002), pp. 464-479
[103.]
R.H. Fitz.
General morbid processes; inflammation; trombosis and embolism; effusions; degenerations; tuberculosis; morbid growths.
pp. 108
[104.]
R. Fleckseder.
Ueber den bronchialkrebs und eing seiner entsehungsbrdingungen.
Munch Med Wochenschr Nr, 36 (1936), pp. 1585-1593
[105.]
B.J. Flheinger, M.R. Melamed, M.B. Zaman, R.T. Heelan, W.B. Perchick, N. Martini.
Early lung cancer detection: results of the initial (prevalence) radiologic and cytologic screening in Memorial Sloan-Kettering study.
Am Rev Respir Dis, 130 (1984), pp. 555-560
[106.]
A. Flint.
A Practical Treatise on the Physical Exploration of the Chest and the Diagnosis of Diseases Affecting the Respiratory Organs.
2, HC Lea, (1866),
[106.]
E.J. Foley.
Antigenic properties of methylcholantrene induced tumors in mice of the strain of origin.
Cancer Res, 13 (1953), pp. 835
[108.]
R.S. Fontana, D.R. Sanderson, W.F. Taylor, et al.
Early lung cancer detection : results of the initial (prevalence) radiologic and cytologic screening in the Mayo Clinic study.
Am Rev Respir Dis, 130 (1984), pp. 561-565
[109.]
R.S. Fontana, D.R. Sanderson, L.B. Woolner, W.F. Taylor, W.E. Miller, J.R. Muhm.
Lung cancer screening. The Mayo Program.
J Occup Med, 28 (1986), pp. 746-750
[110.]
N.C. Foot.
The identification of types of pulmonary cancer in cythologic smears.
Am J Pathol, 28 (1952), pp. 963-983
[111.]
W. Fox, J.G. Scading.
Medical reseach Council comparative trial of surgery and radiotherapy for primary treatment of small-cell, or oat cell carcinoma bronchus: ten year follow up.
Lancet, 2 (1973), pp. 63-65
[112.]
K.S. Frederiksen, A. Petri, N. Abrahamsen, H.S. Poulsen.
Gene therapy for lung cancer.
Lung Cancer, 23 (1999), pp. 191-207
[113.]
M. Freitas e Costa.
Epidemiologia e prevenção.
Cancro do Pulmão, pp. 15-24
[114.]
M. Freitas e Costa.
Cancro do pulmão. Passado e presente.
Via Pneumológica, IV (1991), pp. 91-96
[115.]
F. Frohlich.
Die “Helle Zelle” der bronchiaischleim hautaud ihre bizieh ungen zum problem der chemoreceptors.
Frankfurt Pathol, 60 (1949), pp. 517-559
[116.]
J.K. Frost, W.C. Ball Jr., M.L. Levin, et al.
Early lung cancer detection: results of the initial (prevalence) radiologic and cytologic screening in the Johns Hopkins study.
Am Rev Respir Dis, 130 (1984), pp. 549-554
[117.]
W.A. Fry.
Chirurgie thoracic: historique et comparaison des développements en Europe et en Amérique du Nord.
Rev Mal Respir, 21 (2004), pp. 369-371
[118.]
N.S. Gandhi, D.E. Dupuy.
Image-guided radiofrequency ablation as a new treatment option for patients with lung cancer.
Semin Roentgenol, 40 (2005), pp. 171-181
[119.]
F.H. Garrison.
History of Medicine.
WB Saunders, (1929),
[120.]
E. Gehan, M. Scheneidermann.
Historical and methodological developments in clinical trials at the National Cancer Institute.
Stat Med, 9 (1990), pp. 871-880
[121.]
J.M. George, C.C. Capen, S. Philips.
Biosynthesis of vasopressin in vitro and ultrastructure of a bronchogenic carcinoma. Patient with the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone.
J Clin Invest, 51 (1972), pp. 141-148
[122.]
R.J. Ginsberg, M. Goldberg, P.F. Waters.
Surgery for non small cell lung cancer.
Thoracic Oncology, pp. 177-199
[123.]
H.S. Glazer, E. Muka, S.S. Sagel, R.G. Jost.
New techniques in chest radiography.
Radiol Clin North Am, 32 (1994), pp. 711-729
[124.]
S.R. Gloyne.
The morbid anatomy and histology of asbestosis.
Tubercle, 14 (1933), pp. 550-558
[125.]
S.R. Gloyne.
Two cases of squamous carcinoma of the lung occurring in asbestosis.
Tubercle, 17 (1935), pp. 5-10
[126.]
T. Gluck.
Experimenteller beitag zur frage der lungenextirpation.
Berl Klin Wochenschr, 18 (1881), pp. 645-646
[126.]
M.T.M. Godinho.
Princípios terapêuticos: Cirurgia.
Oncologia Pneumológica, pp. 65-72
[128.]
P. Gold, S.O. Freedman.
Demonstration of tumor specific antigens in human colonic carcinomata by imumunological tolerance and absorption techniques.
J Exp Med, 121 (1965), pp. 439-462
[129.]
S.N. Goldberg, G.S. Gazelle, C.C. Compton, T.C. McLoud.
Radiofrequency tissue ablation in the rabbit lung: efficacy and complications.
Acad Radiol, 2 (1995), pp. 776-784
[130.]
S.N. Goldberg, D.E. Dupuy.
Image-guided radiofrequency tumor ablation. Chalenges and opportunities. Part I.
J Vasc Interv Radiol, 12 (2001), pp. 1021-1032
[131.]
S.N. Goldberg, G.S. Gazelle, C.C. Compton, P.R. Mueller, T.C. McLoud.
Radio-frequency ablation of VX2 tumor nodules in the rabbit lung.
Acad Radiol, 3 (1996), pp. 929-935
[132.]
M.N.G. Gong, D.C. Christiani.
Lung Cancer.
Occupational Disorders of the Lung: Recognition, Management and Prevention, pp. 305-326
[133.]
V.E. Gould, R.I. Linnoila, V.A. Memoli, et al.
Neuroendocrine cells and neuroendocrine neoplasms of the lung.
Pathol Annu, 18 (1983), pp. 287-330
[134.]
E.A. Graham, J.J. Singer.
Successful removal of an entire lung for carcinoma of the bronchus.
JAMA, 101 (1933), pp. 1371-1374
[135.]
R.A. Green, E. Humphrey, H. Close, M.E. Patno.
Alkilating agents in bronchogenic carcinoma.
Am J Med, 40 (1969), pp. 360-367
[136.]
R.A. Green, E. Humphrey, H. Close, et al.
Alkilating agents in bronchogenic carcinoma.
Am J Med, 46 (1969), pp. 516-525
[137.]
S. Green, G. Weiss.
Southwest Oncology Group standard response criteria, endpoint definitions and toxicity criteria.
Invest New Drugs, 10 (1992), pp. 239-253
[138.]
S.D. Greenberg.
Carcinomas of the peripheral airways.
Lung carcinomas, pp. 286-309
[139.]
S. Greene.
Encephaloid tumours in the brain and lungs.
Dublin J Med SCI, 24 (1843), pp. 282-283
[140.]
D. Hamilton.
The nineteenth century surgical revolution-Antisepsis or better nutrition?.
Bull Hist Med, 56 (1982), pp. 30-40
[141.]
E.C. Hammond, D. Horn.
Smoking and death rates. A report on forty four months of follow up of 187 783 men. I. Total mortality.
JAMA, 166 (1958), pp. 1159-1172
[142.]
E.C. Hammond, D. Horn.
Smoking and death rates. A report of forty four months of follow up of 187 783 men. Il. Deaths by cause.
JAMA, 166 (1958), pp. 1294-1308
[143.]
E.C. Hammond, I.J. Selikoff, H. Seidman.
Asbestos exposure, cigarette smoking and death rates.
Ann NY Acad Sci, 330 (1979), pp. 473-490
[144.]
P. Hampelin.
Zur symptomatologie und diagnose der primaren malignen lungen tumoren mitt grenz.
Med Chir, 31 (1919), pp. 672
[145.]
H. Hamperl.
Über gutartige bronchialtumoren (cylindrome und carcinoide).
Virchows Arch Pathol Anat J, 300 (1937), pp. 46-48
[146.]
Textbook of Lung Cancer. The International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer,
[147.]
H.H. Hansen.
Historical milestones in small cell lung cancer.
Lung Cancer, 41 (2003), pp. S48
[148.]
H.H. Hansen.
International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer: the first three decades.
J Thorac Oncol, 1 (2006), pp. 3-4
[149.]
E.S. Hare.
Tumor involving certain nerves.
London Med Gaz, 1 (1838), pp. 16-18
[150.]
H. Hartshorne.
General etiology, medical diagnosis and prognosis.
pp. 129
[151.]
Y. Hayata, H. Funatsu, H. Kato, Y. Saito, K. Sawamura, K. Furose.
Results of lung cancer screening program in Japan.
pp. 163-173
[152.]
Y. Hayata, H. Kato, C. Konaka.
Photodynamic therapy in early stage lung cancer.
Lung Cancer, 9 (1993), pp. 287-294
[153.]
Y. Hayata, H. Kato, C. Konaka, J. Ono, N. Takizawa.
Hematoporphyrin derivative and laser photoradiation in the treatment of lung cancer.
Chest, 57 (1982), pp. 543-547
[154.]
P.J. Heiken, J.A. Brink, M.W. Vannier.
Spiral (helical) CT.
Radiology, 189 (1993), pp. 647-656
[155.]
C.I. Henschke, O.S. Miettinen, D.F. Yankelevitz, D.M. Libby, J.P. Smith.
Radiographic screening for cancer: Proposed paradigm for requisite research.
Clin Imaging, 18 (1994), pp. 6-20
[156.]
P.A. Herbert, J.S. Watson.
Tumor of the thoracic inlet producing Pancoast syndrome.
Arch Pathol, 42 (1946), pp. 88-103
[157.]
A.B. Hill, E.L. Fanning.
Studies in the incidence of cancer in a factory handling inorganic compounds of arsenic: I. Mortality experience in the factory.
Br J Ind Med, 5 (1948), pp. 1-6
[158.]
J. Hill.
Cautions Against the Immoderate Use of Snuff.
Baldwin & Jackson, (1761),
[159.]
T. Hirayama.
Non-smoking wives of heavy smokers have a higher risk of lung cancer: a study from Japan.
Br Med J, 282 (1981), pp. 183-185
[160.]
F.R. Hirsch, M.J. Mathews, S. Aisner, O. Campobasso, J.D. Elena, A.F. Gazdar, B. Mackay, M. Nasiell, Y. Shimosato, R.H. Steele.
Histopathologic classification of small cell lung cancer. Changing concepts and terminology.
Cancer, 62 (1988), pp. 973-977
[161.]
B.L. Hirschowitz, et al.
Demonstration of a new gastroscope, the “fiberscope”.
Gastroenterology, 35 (1958), pp. 50-53
[162.]
T. Hoang, R. Xu, J.H. Schiller, et al.
A clinical model to predict survival of chemo naïve patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer treated with standard chemotherapy. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) data.
Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol, 22 (2003), pp. 264
[163.]
E.C. Holmes, K.P. Ramming.
Immunotherapy of Lung cancer Using Levamisole and Intralesional BCG.
Lung Cancer: Progress in Therapeutic Research, pp. 483-488
[164.]
X. Hustin, P. Paulus, P. Rigo, et al.
Methodology.
Clinical PET in Oncology, pp. 8-12
[165.]
IARC., Monographs.
Chemical and Industrial Processes Associated with Cancer in Humans.
France, IARC, (1979),
[166.]
IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer).
IARC, (1986),
[167.]
P. Iyengar, M.S. Tsao.
Clinical relevance of molecular markers in lung cancer.
Surg Oncol, 11 (2002), pp. 167-169
[168.]
S. Ikeda.
Flexible bronchofiberscope.
Ann Otol, 79 (1970), pp. 916
[169.]
S. Ikeda.
Atlas of flexible bronchofiberscopy.
Igaku Shoin, (1974),
[170.]
S. Ikeda, N. Yanai, S. Ishikawa.
Flexible bronchofiberscope.
Keio J Med, 1 (1968), pp. 17
[171.]
L.E. Irwin, M.K. Begandy, T.M. Moore.
Adenosquamous carcinoma of the lung in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (Letter).
Ann Intern Med, 100 (1984), pp. 158
[172.]
L. Israel, B. Halpern.
Le Corynebacterium parvum dans les cancers avances.
Nouv Press Med, 1 (1972), pp. 19-23
[173.]
O. Ivanissevich, R.C. Ferrari.
La neumectomia en el hombre.
Boll Trab Soc Cirurg Buenos Aires, 17 (1933), pp. 553
[174.]
I. Jaakkimainen, P.J. Goodwin, J. Pater, et al.
Counting the costs of chemotherapy in a National Cancer Institute of Canada randomized trial in non-small cell lung cancer.
J Clin Oncol, 8 (1990), pp. 1301-1309
[175.]
I. James, W. Page.
Miniature scar carcinoma of the lung and the “upper sulcus tumor” of Pancoast.
Br J Surg, 32 (1944), pp. 85-90
[176.]
G. Jébrak.
Transplantation pulmonaire. Indication et bilan clinique.
Rev Port Pneumol, VIII (2002), pp. 462-470
[177.]
B. Jeremic, Y. Shibamoto, L. Acimovic, S. Milisavljevic.
Initial versus delayed accelerated hyperfractionated radiation therapy and concurrent chemotherapy in limited small cell lung cancer: a randomized study.
J Clin Oncol, 15 (1997), pp. 893-900
[178.]
J.R. Jett.
The new official journal of the IASLC.
J Thorac Oncol, 1 (2006), pp. 1-2
[179.]
R.J.R. Johnson.
Potential Appliction of Hyperthermia as a Combined Modality Therapy for Carcinoma of the lung.
Lung Cancer: Progress in Therapeutic Research, pp. 325-332
[180.]
H.B. Jones.
On a new substance occuring in the urine of a patient with mollities ossum.
Phil Transact R Soc Lond, 13 (1848), pp. 55-62
[181.]
W.A. Kalender, W. Seissler, E. Klotz, et al.
Spiral volumetric CT with single-breath-hold technique, continuous transport, and continuous scanner rotation.
Radiology, 176 (1990), pp. 181-183
[182.]
Kaminsky M. Ein Primäres Langencarcinom mit Verhornyen Plattenepithelien. Thesis, University of Greifschwald, 1898.
[183.]
D.A. Karnofsky, W.H. Abelman, L.F. Craver, et al.
The use of nitrogen mustards in the palliative treatment of carcinoma (with particular reference to bronchogenic carcinoma).
Cancer, 1 (1948), pp. 634-638
[184.]
D.A. Karnofsky, J.H. Burchenal.
The clinical evaluation of chemotherapeutic agents in cancer.
Evaluation of Chemotherapeutic Agents, pp. 191-205
[185.]
H. Kato, T. Okunaka, H. Shimatani.
Photodynamic therapy for early stage bronchogenic carcinoma.
J Clin Laser Med Surg, 14 (1996), pp. 235-238
[186.]
K. Kawajiri, K. Nakachi, K. Imai, A. Yoshii, N. Shinoda, J. Watanabe.
Identification of genetically high risk individuals to lung cancer by DNA polymorphisms of the cytochrome P4501A1 gene.
FEBS, 263 (1990), pp. 131-133
[187.]
J.D. Kernan.
Carcinoma of the lung and bronchus. Treatment with radon implantation and diathermy.
Arch Otolaryngol, 17 (1933), pp. 457
[188.]
A. Kilgour.
Cases of cancer in the thorax.
Monthly Journal of Medical Science, 10 (1850), pp. 508-523
[189.]
H. Kjuus, R. Skjaerven, S. Langard, et al.
A case-referent study of lung cancer, occupational exposure and smoking: II Role of asbestos exposure.
Scand J Work Environ Health, 12 (1986), pp. 203-209
[190.]
S. Klein, H.O. Sjogren, E. Klein.
Demonstration of resistance against methylcholantrene induced sarcoma in the primary autochtonous host.
Cancer Res, 20 (1960), pp. 1561
[191.]
R. Kramer.
Adenoma of bronchus.
Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol, 39 (1930), pp. 689-695
[192.]
L. Kreyberg.
One hundred consecutive primary epithelial lung tumors.
Br J Cancer, 6 (1952), pp. 112-119
[193.]
L. Kreyberg.
Histologycal lung cancer types.
Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand, 157 (1962),
[194.]
L. Kreyberg.
Comments on the histological typing of lung tumours.
Acta Path Microbiol Scand A, 79 (1971), pp. 409-422
[195.]
L. Kreyberg, A.A. Liebow, E.A. Vehlinger.
Histological Typing of Lung Tumours.
World Health Organization, (1967),
[196.]
A. Kubik, J. Polak.
Lung cancer detection: results of a randomized prospectiv study in Czechoslovakia.
Cancer, 57 (1986), pp. 2427-2437
[197.]
H. Kummel.
Proceedings of the 40th Congress.
Verch Dtsch Ges Chir, 40 (1911), pp. 147
[198.]
P.A. Kvale.
Overview of bronchoscopy.
Interventional Pulmonology, pp. 3-8
[199.]
R.T.H. Laënnec.
De l’Auscultation Médiate.
Brosson et Chaudé, (1819),
[200.]
S. Lam, A.E. Profio.
Fluorescence Tumour Detection.
Minimally Invasive Techniques in Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, pp. 179-191
[201.]
P.C. Lauterbur.
Image formation by induced local interactions examples employing NMR.
Nature, 242 (1973), pp. 190-191
[202.]
H.H. LaVeen, S. Wapnick, V. Piccone, G. Falk, N. Ahmed.
Tumor eradication by radiofrequency therapy.
JAMA, 235 (1976), pp. 20
[203.]
J.M. Lee, G.Y. Jin, S.N. Goldberg, Y.C. Lee, G.H. Chung, Y.M. Han, S.Y. Lee, C.S. Kim.
Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation for inoperable lung cancer and metastases: Preliminary report.
Radiology, 230 (2004), pp. 125-134
[204.]
P. Lee, E. Kupeli, A.C. Mehta.
Therapeutic bronchoscopy in lung cancer.
Clin Chest Med, 23 (2002), pp. 241-256
[205.]
B. Levine, A.S. Weisberger.
The response of various types of bronchogenic carcinoma to nitrogen mustard.
Ann Intern Med, 42 (1955), pp. 1089
[206.]
H. Leyden.
Uber Infectiose pneumonie.
Dtch Med Wochenscher, 9 (1883), pp. 52-54
[207.]
F. Lickint.
Tabak und tabakrauch als ätiologischer factor des carcinoms.
Zeitschr Krebsforsch, 30 (1929), pp. 349-365
[208.]
A.A. Liebow.
Bronchiolo-alveolar carcinoma.
Adv Intern Med, 10 (1960), pp. 329-358
[209.]
R.L. Lipson, E.J. Baldes.
The photodynamic properties of a particular hematoporphyrin derivative.
Arch Dermatol, 82 (1960), pp. 508-516
[210.]
R.L. Lipson, E.J. Baldes, M.J. Gray.
Hematoporphyrin derivative for detection and management of cancer.
Cancer, 20 (1967), pp. 2254-2257
[211.]
R.L. Lipson, E.J. Baldes, A.M. Olsen.
The use of a derivatve of hematoporphyrin in tumour detection.
J Natl Cancer Inst, 26 (1961), pp. 1-11
[212.]
A.L. Loomis.
Lectures on the respiratory organs, heart and kidneys.
William Wood and Co, (1987),
[213.]
M.C. Loureiro, J. Bernarda, A. Correia de Matos, et al.
Simulação de neoplasia por tuberculose.
Via Pneumológica, 2 (1988), pp. 127-131
[214.]
V.J. Lowe, K.S. Naunheim.
Current role of positron emission tomography in thoracic oncology.
Thorax, 53 (1998), pp. 703-712
[215.]
F. Lucas.
Imagiologia em patologia respiratória. Notas sobre a sua evolução.
Acta Radiol Port, XIII (2001), pp. 33-42
[216.]
A.S. Lyons, R.J. Petrucelli.
Medicine. An Illustrated History. Harry N.
Abrams, Inc, (1987),
[217.]
J. Maçanita.
Tuberculose e cancro do pulmão. Actas das Jornadas Internacionais de Pneumotisiologia.
Vila Nova de Gaia, (1972), pp. 167-173
[218.]
J. Maçanita.
Granulomatoses pulmonares e cancro do pulmão.
Jornal do Médico, LXXXIII (1973), pp. 45
[219.]
Cancro do Pulmão,
[220.]
J. Maçanita, R. Sotto-Mayor.
Tumores broncopulmonares.
Pneumologia na Prática Clínica, pp. 499-608
[221.]
J. Maçanita, R. Sotto-Mayor.
Tumores broncopulmonares.
Pneumologia na Prática Clínica, 2.ª Edição, pp. 515-623
[222.]
J. Maçanita, R. Sotto-Mayor.
Tumores broncopulmonares.
Pneumologia na Prática Clínica, 3. ª, pp. 659-769
[223.]
Cancro do Pulmão, 2.ª,
[224.]
V. Magalhães, M. Villar.
Diagnóstico diferencial do cancro do pulmão.
Cancro do Pulmão, pp. 131-135
[225.]
M.T. Magalhães Godinho.
Evolução da cirurgia do cancro do pulmão.
Rev Port Pneumol, X (2004), pp. S79-S87
[226.]
L. Malassez.
Examen histologique d’un cas de cancer encephaloide du poumon (epitelioma).
Arch Phisiol Norm Pathol, 3 (1876), pp. 353-372
[227.]
Y. Martinet, F. Scheid, J-M Vignaud, et al.
Occupational lung cancer.
pp. 693-707
[228.]
J. Mathey, et al.
Tracheal and tracheobronchial resections: technique and results in 20 cases.
J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 51 (1966), pp. 1-13
[229.]
M.J. Matthews.
Morphology of Lung cancer.
Semin Oncol, 1 (1974), pp. 175-182
[230.]
M.J. Matthews, M. Rozencweig, M.J. Staquet, J.D. Minna, F.M. Muggia.
Long term survivors with small cell carcinoma of the lung.
Eur J Cancer, 16 (1980), pp. 527-531
[231.]
E.M. McDowell, T.S. Wilson, B.S. Trump.
Atypical endocrine tumours of the lung.
Arch Pathol Lab Med, 105 (1981), pp. 20-28
[232.]
T.T. McIntire, E.M. Sykes.
Obstruction of the superior vena cava: a review of the literature and report of two personal cases.
Ann Intern Med, 30 (1948), pp. 925-960
[233.]
M.F. McKneally, C.M. Maver, R.D. Alley, H.W. Kausel, T.M. Older, E.D. Foster, L. Lininger.
Reginal Immunoterapy of Lung Cancer Using Intrapleural BCG: Summary of a Four Year Randomized Study.
Lung Cancer:Progress in Therapeutic Research, pp. 471-476
[234.]
R.H. Meade.
A history of thoracic surgery.
1st, Charles C. Thomas, (1961),
[235.]
C.K. Meador, G.W. Liddle, D.P. Island, W.E. Nicholson, C.P. Lucas, J.G. Nuckton, J.A. Luetscher.
Cause of Cushing's syndrome in patients with tumors arising from “nonendocrine” tissue.
J Clin Endocrinol Metabol, 22 (1962), pp. 693-703
[236.]
Medical Research Council.
Tobacco, smoking and cancer of the lung.
Br Med J, 1 (1957), pp. 1523-1524
[237.]
M.R. Melamed, B.J. Flehinger, M.B. Zaman, R.T. Helen, X. Parchikwa, N. Martini.
Screening for lung cancer: results of the Memorial Sloan-Kettering study in New York.
Chest, 86 (1984), pp. 44-53
[238.]
F. Meneses, E. Teixeira, R. Sotto Mayor, J. Maçanita, M. Freitas e Costa.
Tuberculose pulmonar e cancro do pulmão: Entidades que se mimetizam. A propósito de 25 casos. Livro de Abstracts.
Reunião da Comissão de Tuberculose da SPPR, (1989),
[239.]
P. Ménétrier.
Cancer primitif du poumon.
Bull Soc Anat (Paris), 11 (1866), pp. 643-647
[240.]
E.C. Meyer, A.A. Liebow.
Relationship of interstitial pneumonia, honeycombing and atypical epithelial proliferation to cancer of the lung.
Cancer, 18 (1965), pp. 322-351
[241.]
A.B. Miller, B. Hogestraeten, M. Staquet, A. Winkler.
Reporting results of cancer treatment.
Cancer, 47 (1981), pp. 207-214
[242.]
J.A. Miller, O.R. Jones.
Primary carcinoma of the lung.
Am Rev Tuberc, 21 (1930), pp. 1-56
[243.]
S.E. Mills, P.H. Cooper, A.N. Walker, et al.
Atypical carcinoid tumour of the lung: A clinicopathologic study of 17 cases.
Am J Surg Pathol, 6 (1982), pp. 643-654
[244.]
J.D. Minna, G.A. Higgins, E.J. Glatstein.
Cancer of the Lung.
Cancer. Principles and Practice of Oncology, 2d ed, pp. 507-597
[245.]
R.J. Moser, M.F. Tenholder, R. Ridenour.
Oat-cell carcinoma in transfusion-associated immunodeficiency syndrome (Letter).
Ann Intern Med, 103 (1985), pp. 478
[246.]
C.F. Mountain.
A new international staging system for lung cancer.
Chest, 89 (1986), pp. 225s-s233
[247.]
C.F. Mountain.
Revisions in the International System for Staging Lung Cancer.
Chest, 111 (1997), pp. 1710-1717
[248.]
C.F. Mountain, D.T. Carr, W.A.D. Anderson.
A system for the clinical staging of lung cancer.
Am J Roentgen Radium Ther Nucl Med, 120 (1974), pp. 130
[249.]
B. Movsas, C.J. langer, M. Goldberg.
Controversies in Lung Cancer A Multidisciplinary Approach.
[250.]
H. Mueller.
Zur untersuchungsgeschichte der bronchialen weiterunger..
Inaug Diss Halle, (1882),
[250.]
J.F. Murray.
A thousand years of pulmonary medicine: good news and bad.
Eur Respir J, 17 (2001), pp. 558-565
[252.]
N. Murray, P. Coy, J. Pater, I. Hodson, A. Arnold, B. Zee, D. Payne, E. Kostashuk, W. Evans, P. Dixon, The National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group, et al.
Importance of timing for thoracic irradiation in the combined modality treatment of limited-stage small cell lung cancer.
J Clin Oncol, 11 (1993), pp. 336-344
[253.]
J.H. Musser.
Primary cancer of the lung.
Trans Assoc Am Physicians, 18 (1903), pp. 625-636
[254.]
F.A. Nash, J.M. Morgan, J.G. Tomkins.
South London Lung Cancer Study.
MBJ, 2 (1968), pp. 715-721
[255.]
F. Neves de Almeida.
Cancro do Pulmão em Portugal.
J Médico, 110 (1982), pp. 967-1025
[256.]
C.L. Nguyen, W.J. Scott, N.A. Young, T. Rader, L.R. Giles, M. Goldberg.
Radiofrequency ablation of primary lung cancer.
Chest, 128 (2005), pp. 3507-3511
[257.]
T. Nishida, K. Inove, Y. Kawata, N. Izumi, N. Nishiyuama, H. Kinoshita, T. Matsuoka, M. Toyoshima.
Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation of lung neoplasms. A minimally invasive strategy for inoperable patients.
JACS, 195 (2002), pp. 426-430
[257.]
Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Collaborative Group.
Chemotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer: a meta-analysis using updated data on individual patients for 52 randomized clinical trials.
BMJ, 311 (1995), pp. 899-901
[259.]
M. Nordmann.
Der berufskrebs der asbestarbeiter.
Z Krebsforsch, 47 (1938), pp. 288-302
[260.]
F.S. North.
The Doctor's dilemma tuberculosis or lung cancer?.
Geriatrics, 20 (1965), pp. 931-937
[261.]
D.W. Northfelt, M.A. Jackson.
Is there an association between lung cancer and HIV infection?.
J Respir Dis, 12 (1991), pp. 358
[262.]
N.J. Nusbaum.
Metastatic small-cell carcinoma of the lung in a patient with AIDS (Letter).
N Engl J Med, 312 (1985), pp. 1706
[262.]
S. Oberndorfer.
Karzinoide tumoren des dunndarms.
Frankfurt Zeitschr Pathol, 1 (1907), pp. 426-432
[264.]
Oberndorfer S. Karzinoide. Ergebnisse der allgemeinen Pathologie und pathologischen. Anatomie des Menschen und der Tiere 1909; 13:527-35.
[265.]
A. Ochsner.
Corner of history: My first recognition of the relationship of smoking and lung cancer.
Prev Med, 2 (1973), pp. 611-614
[266.]
A. Ochsner, M. De Bakey.
Symposium on cancer. Primary pulmonary malignancy. Treatment by total pneumonectomy: Analyses of 79 collected cases and presentation of 7 personal cases.
Surg Gynecol Obstet, 68 (1939), pp. 435-451
[267.]
M.M. Oken, R.H. Creech, D.C. Tormey.
Toxicity and response of the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group.
Am J Clin Oncol, 5 (1982), pp. 649-655
[268.]
W.I.B. Onuigbo.
Lung cancer in the nineteenth century.
Med Hist, 36 (1959), pp. 69-77
[269.]
W. Osler.
The Principles and Practice of Medicine.
Young J Pentiand, (1892),
[270.]
B. Ostertag.
Medizinische Klinik, (1942),
[271.]
G. Ozenne, J.M. Vergnon, A. Roulier, et al.
Cryoyherapy of in-situ or microinvasive bronchial carcinoma.
Chest, 98 (1990), pp. 105s
[272.]
A.R. Padhani, C.T. Spiral.
Thoracic applications.
Eur J Radiol, 28 (1998), pp. 2-17
[273.]
H.K. Pancoast.
Importance of careful roentgenray investigation of apical chest tumors.
JAMA, 83 (1924), pp. 1407-1411
[274.]
H.K. Pancoast.
Superior pulmonary sulcus tumor.
JAMA, 99 (1932), pp. 1391-1396
[275.]
G.N. Papanicolaou.
Diagnostic value of exfoliated cells from cancerous tissues.
JAMA, 131 (1946), pp. 372-378
[276.]
M.S. Parker, D.M. Leveno, T.J. Campbell, J.A. Worrel, S.E. Carozza.
AIDS-related bronchogenic carcinoma. Fact or fiction?.
Chest, 113 (1998), pp. 154-161
[277.]
D.M. Parkin, P. Pisani, J. Ferlay.
Estimates of Worldwide incidence of 25 major cancers in 1990.
Int J Cancer, 80 (1999), pp. 827-841
[278.]
D.M. Parkin, A.J. Sasco.
Lung cancer: Worldwide variation in occurrence and proportion attributable to tobacco use.
Lung Cancer, 9 (1993), pp. 1-16
[279.]
E.F. Patz Jr., P.C. Goodman, G. Bepler.
Screening for lung cancer.
N Engl J Med, 343 (2000), pp. 1627-1633
[280.]
J.V. Pawel, J.H. Schiller, F.A. Sheperd, S.Z. Fields, J.P. Kleisbauer, N.G. Chrysson, D.J. Stewart, P.I. Clark, M.C. Palmer, A. Depierre, J. Carmichael, J.B. Krebs, G. Ross, S.R. Lane, R. Gralla.
Topotecan versus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin and vincristine for the treatment of recurrent small-cell lung cancer.
J Clin Oncol, 17 (1999), pp. 658-667
[281.]
J. Pean.
Chirurgie des poumons.
Discussion Ranc Chir Proc Verh Paris, 9 (1895), pp. 72-74
[282.]
J.P. Pignon, R. Arriagada, D.C. Ihde, D.H. Johnson, M.C. Perry, R.L. Souhami, O. Brodin, R.A. Joss, M.S. Kies, B. Lebeau, et al.
A meta-analysis of thoracic radiotherapy for small cell lung cancer.
N Engl J Med, 327 (1992), pp. 1618-1624
[283.]
J.C. Pimentel.
O cancro do pulmão em Portugal: uma perspectiva de 130 anos.
Rev Port Clin Terap, 13 (1991), pp. 149-151
[284.]
J.L. Pool.
Bronchoscopy in the treatment of lung cancer.
Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol, 70 (1961), pp. 1172-1178
[285.]
K.R. Popper.
The open society and its enemies.
Princeton University Press, (1963),
[286.]
P. Pouillart, T. Palangie, P. Huguenin, P. Morin, H. Gautier, A. Lededente, A. Baron, G. Mathe.
Adjuvant Nonintrapleural BCG.
Lung Cancer: Progress in Therapeutic Research, pp. 477-481
[286.]
R.T. Prehn, J.H. Main.
Immunity to methiylcholantrene induced sarcoma.
J Natl Cancer Inst, 18 (1957), pp. 769
[288.]
C. Price Thomas.
Conservative resection of the bronchial tree.
J R Coll Surg Edinb, 1 (1956), pp. 169-171
[289.]
R.N. Proctor.
Cancer Wars: How Politics Shapes What We Know and Don’t Now About Cancer.
Basic Books, (1995),
[290.]
R.N. Proctor.
The Nazi war on tobacco: ideology, evidence, and possible cancer consequences.
Bull Hist Med, 71 (1997), pp. 435-488
[291.]
R.N. Proctor.
Tobacco and the global lung cancer epidemic.
Nature Reviews, 1 (2001), pp. 82-86
[292.]
E.M. Purcell, H.C. Torrey, C.V. Pound.
Ressonance absorption by nuclear magnetic movements in a solid.
Phys Rev, 64 (1946), pp. 37-38
[293.]
F. Quain.
Encephaloid tumour involving the heart and lungs.
Br Med J, 44 (1857), pp. 902
[294.]
Queiroga H. Estudo dos factores de prognóstico nos estádios avançados do cancro do pulmão. Tese de Doutoramento, Faculdade de Medicina do Porto, 1993.
[295.]
E. Quoix, A. Dietemann, J. Chabonneau, et al.
La chimiothérapie comportant du cisplatine est elle utile dans le cancer bronchique non microcelulair au stad IV? Resultats d’une étude randomisée.
Bull Cancer, 78 (1991), pp. 341-346
[296.]
E. Rapp, J. Pater, A. Willian, et al.
Chemotherapy can prolong survival in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. A report of the Canadian multicenter trial.
J Clin Oncol, 6 (1988), pp. 633-641
[297.]
L.H. Rees, J.G. Ratcliffe.
Ectopic hormone production by non-endocrine tumours.
Clin Endocrinol (Oxf.), 3 (1974), pp. 263-299
[298.]
W.F. Rienhoff.
Pneumonectomy. A preliminary report of operative technique in two successful cases.
Bull Johns Hopkins Hosp, 53 (1933), pp. 390-392
[299.]
A.H. Roffo.
Der tabak ais krebserzeugende agens.
Dtsch Med Wochnschr, 63 (1937), pp. 1267-1271
[300.]
A.H. Roffo.
Krebseizeugendes benzpyren gewonnen aus tabakteer.
Z Krebsforsch, 49 (1937), pp. 588-597
[301.]
M.B. Rosenblatt.
Lung cancer in the 19th century.
Bull Hist Med, 38 (1964), pp. 395
[302.]
E.C. Rosenow.
Symposium on intrathoracic neoplasms. Introduction.
Mayo Clin Proc, 68 (1993), pp. 168-169
[303.]
B. Roswit, G. Kaplan.
Nitrogen mustard as adjuvant to radiation in management of bronchogenic cancer.
Radiology, 57 (1951), pp. 384-394
[304.]
J.A. Roth, R.J. Cristiano.
Gene therapy for cancer: what have we done and where are we going?.
J Natl Cancer Inst, 89 (1997), pp. 21-39
[305.]
H. Rottman.
Uber primare lungercarcinoma. Inaugural dissertation.
Universitat Würzburg, (1898),
[306.]
Royal College of Physicians of London.
Smoking and Health.
Pitman Medical, (1962),
[307.]
J.C. Ruckdeschell, S.D. Codis, H. Stranahan, M.F. McKneally.
Postoperative empyema improves survival in lung cancer.
N Engl J Med, 287 (1972), pp. 1013-1017
[308.]
G. Saccomano, V.E. Archer, O. Auerbach, R.P. Saunders, I.M. Brennan.
Development of carcinoma of the lung as reflected in exfoliated cells.
Cancer (Phila), 32 (1974), pp. 256-270
[309.]
M.A. Sackner.
Bronchofiberscopy.
Am Rev Respir Dis, 111 (1975), pp. 62-88
[310.]
E. Salminen, M. Mac Manus.
FDG-PET imaging in the management of non-small-cell lung cancer.
Ann Oncol, 13 (2002), pp. 357-360
[311.]
H. Salter.
Clinical lectures on diseases of the chest. Lecture I. On primary cancer of the lung.
Lancet, 2 (1869), pp. 1-4
[312.]
R. Sarrazin, J.F. Dyon.
La médiastinoscopie.
Rev Mal Resp, 9 (1992), pp. 99-110
[313.]
F. Saverbruch.
Die operation enttermung von lungengeschwuiste.
Zentralbl Chir, 53 (1926), pp. 852-854
[314.]
E. Schairer, E. Schöniger.
Lugenkrebs und tabakverbrauch.
Zeitschr Krebsforsch, 54 (1943), pp. 261-269
[315.]
M.M. Schecheter.
The superior vena cava syndrome.
Am J Med Sci, 227 (1954), pp. 46-56
[316.]
W.B. Schwartz, W. Bennet, S. Curelop.
A syndrome of renal sodium loss and hyponatremia probably resulting from inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone.
Am J Med, 23 (1957), pp. 529-542
[317.]
Selawry OS, Primack OA. Guest editors introduction to 1st International Workshop for Therapy for Lung Cancer. Cancer Chemother Rep, Part 3, 4:1.
[318.]
H.G. Seydel, A. Chait, J.T. Gmelich.
The history of diagnosis and treatment of cancer of the lung.
Cancer of the Lung, pp. 1-5
[319.]
R.R. Shaw, D.L. Pauison, J.L. Kee Jr..
Treatment of the superior sulcus tumor by irradiation followed by resection.
Ann Surg, 154 (1961), pp. 29-40
[320.]
M.N. Sheppard.
Neuroendocrine differentiation in lung tumours.
Thorax, 46 (1991), pp. 843-850
[321.]
M.B. Shimkin, R.R. Connely, S.C. Marcus, S.J. Curler.
Pneumonectomy and lobectomy in bronchogenic carcinoma: a comparison of end results of the Overholt and Ochsner Clinics.
J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 44 (1962), pp. 503-519
[322.]
D.R. Shopland, H.J. Eyre, T.F. Pechacek.
Smoking-Attributable cancer mortality in 1991: Is lung cancer now the leading cause of death among smokers in the United States ?.
J Natl Cancer Inst, 83 (1991), pp. 1142-1148
[323.]
L. Silveira Botelho.
O XV Congresso Internacional de Medicina em Lisboa, em 1906, e repercussão na Ciência Médica Portuguesa.
Revista da FML, 1 (1993), pp. 20-25
[324.]
K.E. Sjolin, K.M. Pedersen, I.C. Petersen, V. Thonesen.
Lungekræft.
Tobaksproblemet., Indenrigsministeriet, (1969),
[325.]
H.F. Smetana, L. Iverson, L.L. Swan.
Bronchogenic carcinoma: An analysis of 100 autopsy cases.
Mil Surgeon, 111 (1952), pp. 335-351
[326.]
T.J. Smith, B.E. Hilner, D.M. Neighbors, et al.
Economic evaluation of randomized clinical trial comparing vinorelbine, vinorelbine plus cisplatin and vindesine plus cisplatin for non-small cell lung cancer.
J Clin Oncol, 13 (1995), pp. 2166-2173
[327.]
G.L. Snider.
Nosology for our day. Its application to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 167 (2003), pp. 678-683
[328.]
L.H. Sobin.
Standardization and the histopathology of tumours.
Histopathology, 1 (1977), pp. 87-92
[329.]
L.H. Sobin.
The WHO Histological Classification of Lung Tumors.
Lung Cancer: Progress in Therapeutic Research, pp. 83-90
[330.]
S.T. Soemmerring.
De Morbis Vasorum Absorbentium Corporis Humani.
Varrentrapp and Werner, (1795),
[331.]
Soiferman E, Rackow E. A brief history of the practice of percussion. www.antiquemed.com/percus.html
[332.]
R. Sotto Mayor.
Cancro do pulmão: alguns dados históricos para o seu estudo.
Arq SPPR, 10 (1993), pp. 319-325
[333.]
R. Sotto Mayor.
Clinica e terapêutica dos tumores neuroendócrinos do pulmão.
Rev Port Pneumol, 1 (1995), pp. 519-539
[334.]
R. Sotto Mayor.
Desabituação tabágica.
Novas Perspectivas da Profilaxia e do Tratamento em Pneumologia. 30.° Curso de Pneumologia para Pós Graduados, Clínica de Pneumologia HSM/FML, (1997),
[335.]
R. Sotto-Mayor.
Carcinogénios respiratórios ambientais e tabagismo. Monografias Pneumológicas.
Coimbra Serviço de Pneumologia dos HUC, pp. 15
[336.]
R. Sotto-Mayor.
Argumentos a favor da prescrição da quimioterapia citostática no carcinoma pulmonar de não pequenas células.
Rev Port Pneumol, III (1997), pp. 265-282
[337.]
R. Sotto-Mayor.
Dados históricos para o estudo do cancro do pulmão.
Oncologia Pneumológica. Temas de Actualização, pp. 3-12
[338.]
R. Sotto-Mayor.
Terapêutica Génica do Cancro do Pulmão.
Oncologia Pneumológica. Temas de Actualização, pp. 227-236
[339.]
R. Sotto-Mayor.
Poluição e Cancro do Pulmão.
Ambiente Urbano e Saúde (IV) - A Cidade , o clima e os cidadãos, pp. 111-131
[340.]
R. Sotto Mayor.
Cancro do pulmão na mulher.
Patologia respiratória na mulher: que diferenças? 39° Curso de Pneumologia para Pós Graduados, Clínica de Pneumologia HSM/FML, (2006),
[341.]
R. Sotto-Mayor, H. Queiroga.
Cancro do Pulmão.
[342.]
R. Sotto-Mayor, J. Carvalhal, J. Valença, E. Teixeira, J. Maçanita, M. Freitas e Costa.
A importância do antigénio carcinoembrionário e da neuro-enolase específica no diagnóstico e no estadiamento de cancro do pulmão.
Via Pneumológica, 1 (1990), pp. 25-34
[343.]
R. Sotto-Mayor, H. Queiroga.
Neoplasias Pulmonares.
Tratado de Pneumologia, Secção L, pp. 1097-1282
[344.]
Oncologia Pneumológica,
[345.]
Oncologia Pneumológica Temas de Actualização,
[346.]
R. Sotto-Mayor, E. Teixeira, J. Maçanita, M. Freitas e Costa.
Imunomodulação pela timopentina em doentes com cancro do pulmão submetidos a quimioterapia citostática.
O Médico, 124 (1991), pp. 515-518
[347.]
H. Spencer.
Carcinoma of the lung.
Pathology of the lung, 4th, pp. 907
[348.]
S.G. Spiro, G.A. Silvestri.
One hundred years of lung cancer.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 172 (2005), pp. 523-529
[349.]
R.J. Stephens, A.J. Bailey, D. Machin.
MRC, Lung Cancer Working Party Long Term Survival in small cell lung cancer: the case for a standard definition.
Lung Cancer, 15 (1996), pp. 297-309
[350.]
Storer.
Carcinoma of right lung with symptoms resembling those of hydrothorax.
Am J Med Sci, 21 (1851), pp. 46-47
[351.]
G.M. Strauss.
Bronchogenic Carcinoma.
Textbook of Pulmonary Diseases, 6th, pp. 1329-1433
[352.]
T.G. Sutegdja, A.J. Schreurs, R.G. Vanderschueren, et al.
Bronchoscopic therapy in patients with intraluminal typical bronchial carcinoid.
Chest, 107 (1995), pp. 556-558
[353.]
A. Syrek.
Zur häufigkeitszunahme des lungenkrebses.
Zeitschr Krebsforsch, 36 (1932), pp. 409-415
[354.]
M. Taulelle, P. Vincent, B. Chavet, R. Garcia, F.L. Reboul.
Endobronchial brachyterapy.
pp. 537-552
[355.]
E. Teixeira.
Epidemiologia do cancro do pulmão.
Arq SPPR, 10 (1993), pp. 14-23
[356.]
E. Teixeira.
Perspectivas futuras no tratamento do cancro do pulmão.
Tratado de Pneumologia, pp. 1233-1260
[357.]
The International Adjuvant Lung Cancer Trial Collaborative Group.
Cisplatin-based adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with completely resected non-small cell lung cancer.
N Engl J Med, 350 (2004), pp. 351-360
[358.]
P. Therasse, S.G. Arbuck, E.A. Eisenhauer, J. Wandrs, R.S. Kaplan, L. Rubinstein, J. Verweij, M. van Glabbeke, T. van Oosterom, M.C. Christian, S.G. Gwyther.
New guidelines to evaluate the response to treatment in solid tumors.
J Natl Cancer Inst, 92 (2000), pp. 205-216
[359.]
D.T. Thompson.
Tracheal resection with left lung anastomosis following right pneumonectomy.
Thorax, 21 (1966), pp. 560-563
[360.]
J.W. Tobias.
Sindrome apico costo vertebral dolorosa por tumor apexiano: su valor diagnostico en el cancer primitivo pulmonar.
Rev Med Lat Am, 19 (1932), pp. 1552-1556
[361.]
M.S. Tockman.
Survival mortality from lung cancer in a screened population: The John Hopkins Study.
Chest, 89 (1986), pp. S324-S325
[362.]
I. Tomatis.
The contribution of the IARC monographs ti the identification of cancer risk factors.
Ann NY Acad Sci, 534 (1988), pp. 31-38
[363.]
F. Torek.
Removal of metastatic carcinoma of the lung and mediastinum. Suggestions as to technic.
Arch Surg, 21 (1930), pp. 1416-1421
[364.]
W.D. Travis, R.I. Linnoila, M.G. Tsokos, et al.
Neuroendocrine tumors of the lung with proposed criteria for large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma: An ultrastructural, immunohistochemical, and flow cytometric study of 35 cases.
Am J Surg Pathol, 15 (1991), pp. 529-553
[365.]
W.D. Travis, T.V. Colby, B. Corrin, Y. Shimosato, E. Brambilla, collaboration with L.H.
Sobin and Pathologists of 14 Countries. Histological Typing of Lung and Pleural tumours World Health Organization. International Histological Classification of Tumours..
Third, Springer-Verlag, (1999),
[366.]
D. Trichopoulos, A. Kalandidi, L. Sparros, B. MacMahon.
Lung cancer and passive smoking.
Int J Cancer, 27 (1981), pp. 1-4
[367.]
F.E. Tylecote.
Cancer of the lung.
Lancet, ii (1927), pp. 256-257
[368.]
US Department of Health Education and Welfare.
Report of the Advisory Committee to the Surgeon General of the Public Health Service.
US Government Printing Office, (1964),
[369.]
US Department of Health and Human Services: The Health Consequences of Smoking for Women. A Report of the Surgeon General. US Department and Human Sevices, Public Health Service, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Health, Office of Smoking and Health, 1980.
[370.]
US Department of Health and Human Services. Women and Smoking: A Report of Surgeon General 2001.
[371.]
H. Vaino, P. Boffetta.
Mechanisms of the combined effect of asbestos and smoking in the etiology of lung cancer.
Scand J Work Environ Health, 20 (1994), pp. 235-242
[372.]
T.G. Villar.
Condições patológicas do pulmão simulando tumores broncopulmonares.
Gazeta Médica Portuguesa, XIV (1961), pp. 251-280
[373.]
T.G. Villar.
O diagnóstico do cancro do pulmão. Experiência pessoal.
Gazeta Médica Portuguesa, XVII (1964), pp. 555-580
[374.]
T.G. Villar.
Estado actual do problema do cancro do pulmão em Portugal.
Jornal da Sociedade das Ciências Médicas de Lisboa, CXXIX (1965), pp. 301-311
[375.]
T.G. Villar, M.T. Nogueira, M. Villar.
O cancro do pulmão em Portugal nos últimos 35 anos (1940–1975).
Medicina Torácica, II (1979), pp. 261-278
[376.]
R.G. Vincent, T.M. Chu, W.W. Lane, A.C. Gutierrez, P.J. Stegemann, S. Madajewicz.
Carcinoembryonic antigen as a monitor of successfull surgical resection in 130 patients with carcinoma of the lung.
Lung Cancer: Progress in Therapeutic Research, pp. 191-198
[377.]
R. Virchow.
Cellular pathology.
J. Churchill, (1860),
[378.]
R. Virchow.
Die Krankhaften Geschwûlste.
Hirschwald, (1860),
[379.]
W.H. Waishe.
The physical diagnosis of diseases of the lung.
Taylor and Walton, (1843),
[380.]
K. Walker.
Histoire de la Médecine.
Marabout Université, (1962),
[381.]
P. Warde, D. Payne.
Does thoracic irradiation improve survival and local control in limited-stage small cell carcinoma of the lung? A meta-analysis.
J Clin Oncol, 10 (1992), pp. 890-895
[382.]
S.L. Warren.
Preliminary study of the effects of artificial fever upon hopeless tumour cases.
Am J Roentgenol Radium Ther Med, 33 (1935), pp. 75-87
[383.]
W.H. Warren, V.E. Gould, L.P. Faber, et al.
Neuroendocrine neoplasms of the bronchopulmonary tract: A classification of the spectrum of carcinoid to small cell carcinoma and intervening variants.
Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 89 (1985), pp. 819-825
[384.]
D.J.G. Watkins.
A family tree beaving upon the question of the inheritance of cancer.
Br Med J, 1 (1904), pp. 190
[385.]
W.L. Watson.
Historical background.
Lung Cancer. A study of five thousand Memorial Hospital cases, pp. 1-14
[386.]
W.L. Watson, H. Cromwell, L. Craver, G.N. Papanicolaou.
Cytology of bronchial secretions Its role in the diagnosis of cancer.
J Thorac Surg, 18 (1949), pp. 113-122
[387.]
P. Weinants.
Lung Cancer Cell Immunogenicity and Immunotherapy.
pp. 709-728
[388.]
W. Weiss, K.R. Baucot.
The Philadelphia Pulmonary Neoplasm Research Project: early roentgenographic appearance of bronchogenic carcinoma.
Arch Intern Med, 134 (1974), pp. 306-311
[389.]
F. Whitwell.
Tumorlets of the lung.
J Pathol Bacteriol, 70 (1955), pp. 529-541
[390.]
WHO.
Handbook for reporting results of cancer treatment.
World Health Organization: Offset Publication No. 48, (1979),
[391.]
J. Wilde.
A 10 year follow-up of semi-annual screening for early detection of lung cancer in the Erfurt County, GDR.
Eur Respir J, 2 (1989), pp. 656-662
[392.]
E.D. Williams, M. Sandier.
The classification of carcinoid tumours.
Lancet, 1 (1963), pp. 328-329
[393.]
A.W. Winkler, O.F. Crankshaw.
Chloride depletion in conditions other than Addison's disease.
J Clin Invest, 17 (1938), pp. 1-6
[394.]
H. Witschi.
Profiles in toxicology: a short history of lung cancer.
Toxicol Sci, 64 (2001), pp. 4-6
[395.]
E.L. Wynder, E.A. Graham.
Tobacco smoking as a possible etiologic factor in bronchogenic carcinoma.
JAMA, 143 (1950), pp. 329-336
[396.]
World Health Organization.
Histological typing of lung tumours.
WHO, (1967),
[396.]
World Health Organization.
Histological typing of lung tumours.
2nd, WHO, (1981),
[398.]
World Health Organization.
Histological typing of lung tumours.
Tumori, 67 (1981), pp. 253-272
[399.]
World Health Organization.
Histological typing of lung tumours.
Am J Clin Pathol, 77 (1982), pp. 123-136
[400.]
S. Yankaver.
Two cases of lung tumour treated bronchoscopically.
NY Med J, 21 (1922), pp. 741
[401.]
F. Zöllner.
Gustav Killian, father of bronchoscopy.
Arch Otolaryngol, 82 (1965), pp. 656-659
[402.]
C.G. Zubrod, M. Schneiderman, E. Frei, et al.
Appraisal of methods for the study of cancer in man: Comparative therapeutic trial of nitrogen mustard and triethylene thiophoramide.
J Chron Dis, 11 (1960), pp. 7-33

Trabalho realizado com base em artigos anteriormente publicados pelo autor332,337.

Copyright © 2006. Sociedade Portuguesa de Pneumologia
Download PDF
Pulmonology
Article options
Tools

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?