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        "resumen" => "<span id="as0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="sp0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Enquadramento&#58;</span> A exposi&#231;&#227;o cr&#243;nica ao ru&#237;do de baixa frequ&#234;ncia &#40;RBF&#41; &#40;&#8804; 500<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Hz&#44; incluindo infra-sons&#41; pode conduzir ao desenvolvimento da doen&#231;a vibroac&#250;stica &#40;VAD &#8211; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vibroacoustic disease</span>&#41;&#44; uma patologia sist&#233;mica caracterizada pela prolifera&#231;&#227;o anormal das matrizes extracelulares&#46; O aparelho respirat&#243;rio &#233; alvo do RBF&#44; como foi observado em doentes com VAD atrav&#233;s de bi&#243;psia e confirmado com modelos animais expostos a RBF&#44; sendo um dos aspectos mais evidentes a fibrose intersticial da traqueia&#46; A an&#225;lise ac&#250;stica vocal pode detectar pequenas varia&#231;&#245;es na massa&#44; tens&#227;o&#44; actividade muscular e neuronal das pregas vocais atrav&#233;s de par&#226;metros como frequ&#234;ncia fundamental &#40;F<span class="elsevierStyleInf">0</span>&#41;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">jitter</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">shimmer</span> e &#237;ndice harm&#243;nico-ru&#237;do &#40;H&#47;R&#41;&#46; Dado que o sistema respirat&#243;rio &#233; a fonte de energia do processo fonat&#243;rio&#44; e sabendo das altera&#231;&#245;es morfol&#243;gicas na traqueia dos doentes com VAD&#44; pode perguntar-se quais os efeitos destas altera&#231;&#245;es na voz&#46;O objectivo deste estudo foi determinar se os par&#226;metros ac&#250;sticos dos doentes com VAD diferem dos dados normativos&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleBold">M&#233;todos&#58;</span> Nove indiv&#237;duos diagnosticados com a VAD &#40;5 homens e 4 mulheres&#41; foram gravados durante a produ&#231;&#227;o de tarefas fonat&#243;rias e foram efectuadas as an&#225;lises ac&#250;sticas vocais&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleBold">Resultados&#58;</span> Os doentes com a VAD apresentaram valores elevados de F<span class="elsevierStyleInf">0</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">shimmer</span> e H&#47;R e valores reduzidos de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">jitter</span> e extens&#227;o m&#225;xima de frequ&#234;ncia vocal&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleBold">Conclus&#245;es&#58;</span> Os doentes com a VAD&#44; quando comparados com dados normativos&#44; apresentaram diferentes par&#226;metros ac&#250;sticos vocais&#44; espectrais e de perturba&#231;&#227;o&#44; podendo indicar altera&#231;&#245;es morfol&#243;gicas no sistema fonat&#243;rio&#46;</p><p id="sp0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Rev Port Pneumol 2006&#59; XII &#40;4&#41;&#58; 375-382</span></p></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="as0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="sp0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Background&#58;</span> Long-term low frequency noise exposure &#40;LFN&#41; &#40;&#8804; 500<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Hz&#44; including infrasound&#41; may lead to the development of vibroacoustic disease &#40;VAD&#41;&#44; a systemic pathology characterized by the abnormal growth of extra-cellular matrices&#46; The respiratory system is a target for LFN&#46; Fibrosis of the respiratory tract epithelia was observed in VAD patients through biopsy&#44; and confirmed in animal models exposed to LFN&#46; Voice acoustic analysis can detect vocal fold variations of mass&#44; tension&#44; muscular and neural activity&#46; Frequency perturbation &#40;jitter&#41;&#44; amplitude perturbation &#40;shimmer&#41; and harmonic-to-noise ratio &#40;HNR&#41; are used in the evaluation of the vocal function&#44; and can be indicators of the presence and degree of severity of vocal pathology&#46; Since the respiratory system is the energy source of the phonation process&#44; this raises questions about the effects of VAD on voice production&#46; The purpose of this study was to determine if voice acoustic parameters of VAD patients are different from normative data&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleBold">Methods&#58;</span> Nine individuals &#40;5 males and 4 females&#41; diagnosed with VAD were recorded performing spoken and sung tasks&#46; The spoken tasks included sustaining vowels and fricatives&#46; The sung tasks consisted of maximum phonational frequency range &#40;MPFR&#41;&#46; Voice acoustic parameters analysed were&#58; fundamental frequency &#40;F<span class="elsevierStyleInf">0</span>&#41;&#44; jitter&#44; shimmer&#44; HNR and temporal measures&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleBold">Results&#58;</span> Compared with normative data&#44; both males and females diagnosed with VAD exhibited increased F<span class="elsevierStyleInf">0</span>&#44; shimmer and HNR&#46; Jitter&#44; MPFR and one temporal measure were reduced&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleBold">Conclusions&#58;</span> VAD individuals presented voice acoustic parameter differences in spectral&#44; temporal and perturbation measures&#44; which may be indicative of small morphological changes in the phonatory system&#46;</p><p id="sp0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Rev Port Pneumol 2006&#59; XII &#40;4&#41;&#58; 375-382</span></p></span>"
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Vol. 12. Issue 4.
Pages 375-382 (July - August 2006)
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Vol. 12. Issue 4.
Pages 375-382 (July - August 2006)
Artigo Original\Original Article
Open Access
Padrões acústicos da voz em indivíduos com a doença vibroacústica
Voice acoustic patterns of patients diagnosed with vibroacoustic disease
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Ana Mendes1, Mariana Alves-Pereira2, Nuno A.A. Castelo Branco3
1 Escola Superior de Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal
2 ERISA, Universidade Lusófona, Lisboa
3 Centro da Performance Humana, Lisboa.
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Resumo

Enquadramento: A exposição crónica ao ruído de baixa frequência (RBF) (≤ 500Hz, incluindo infra-sons) pode conduzir ao desenvolvimento da doença vibroacústica (VAD – vibroacoustic disease), uma patologia sistémica caracterizada pela proliferação anormal das matrizes extracelulares. O aparelho respiratório é alvo do RBF, como foi observado em doentes com VAD através de biópsia e confirmado com modelos animais expostos a RBF, sendo um dos aspectos mais evidentes a fibrose intersticial da traqueia. A análise acústica vocal pode detectar pequenas variações na massa, tensão, actividade muscular e neuronal das pregas vocais através de parâmetros como frequência fundamental (F0), jitter, shimmer e índice harmónico-ruído (H/R). Dado que o sistema respiratório é a fonte de energia do processo fonatório, e sabendo das alterações morfológicas na traqueia dos doentes com VAD, pode perguntar-se quais os efeitos destas alterações na voz.O objectivo deste estudo foi determinar se os parâmetros acústicos dos doentes com VAD diferem dos dados normativos. Métodos: Nove indivíduos diagnosticados com a VAD (5 homens e 4 mulheres) foram gravados durante a produção de tarefas fonatórias e foram efectuadas as análises acústicas vocais. Resultados: Os doentes com a VAD apresentaram valores elevados de F0, shimmer e H/R e valores reduzidos de jitter e extensão máxima de frequência vocal. Conclusões: Os doentes com a VAD, quando comparados com dados normativos, apresentaram diferentes parâmetros acústicos vocais, espectrais e de perturbação, podendo indicar alterações morfológicas no sistema fonatório.

Rev Port Pneumol 2006; XII (4): 375-382

Palavras-chave:
Ruído de baixa frequência
infra-sons
shimmer
jitter
acústica da voz
cordas vocais
Abstract

Background: Long-term low frequency noise exposure (LFN) (≤ 500Hz, including infrasound) may lead to the development of vibroacoustic disease (VAD), a systemic pathology characterized by the abnormal growth of extra-cellular matrices. The respiratory system is a target for LFN. Fibrosis of the respiratory tract epithelia was observed in VAD patients through biopsy, and confirmed in animal models exposed to LFN. Voice acoustic analysis can detect vocal fold variations of mass, tension, muscular and neural activity. Frequency perturbation (jitter), amplitude perturbation (shimmer) and harmonic-to-noise ratio (HNR) are used in the evaluation of the vocal function, and can be indicators of the presence and degree of severity of vocal pathology. Since the respiratory system is the energy source of the phonation process, this raises questions about the effects of VAD on voice production. The purpose of this study was to determine if voice acoustic parameters of VAD patients are different from normative data. Methods: Nine individuals (5 males and 4 females) diagnosed with VAD were recorded performing spoken and sung tasks. The spoken tasks included sustaining vowels and fricatives. The sung tasks consisted of maximum phonational frequency range (MPFR). Voice acoustic parameters analysed were: fundamental frequency (F0), jitter, shimmer, HNR and temporal measures. Results: Compared with normative data, both males and females diagnosed with VAD exhibited increased F0, shimmer and HNR. Jitter, MPFR and one temporal measure were reduced. Conclusions: VAD individuals presented voice acoustic parameter differences in spectral, temporal and perturbation measures, which may be indicative of small morphological changes in the phonatory system.

Rev Port Pneumol 2006; XII (4): 375-382

Key-words:
Low frequency noise
infrasound
shimmer
jitter
voice acoustics
vocal folds
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