Journal Information
Vol. 13. Issue 5.
Pages 659-673 (September - October 2007)
Share
Share
Download PDF
More article options
Vol. 13. Issue 5.
Pages 659-673 (September - October 2007)
Full text access
Primary cysts and tumors of the mediastinum
Cistos e tumores primários do mediastino
Visits
955
Pedro Bastos1,
Corresponding author
pbastos@hsjoao.min-saude.pt

Correspondence to/Correspondência: Serviço de Cirurgia Torácica , Hospital de S. João. Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro 4202-451 Porto. Telefone: 225502417.
, Adriana Magalhães2, Gabriela Fernandes2, Maria Rosa Cruz2, Sandra Saleiro3, Luís Gonçalves4, Miguel Piñon4, Paulo Pinho5, Pedro Bastos6, J. Agostinho Marques7
1 Director da Unidade Autónoma de Gestão de Cirurgia, Chefe de Serviço de Cirurgia Torácica e Professor Associado Convidado da Faculdade de Medicina / Director, Autonomous Surgery Management Unit, Head, Chest Surgery Department and Guest Associate Professor, Faculty of Medicine
2 Assistente Hospitalar de Pneumologia / Pulmonology Consultant
3 Interna Complementar de Pneumologia / Pulmonology Resident
4 Assistente Hospitalar de Cirurgia Torácica / Thoracic Surgery Consultant
5 Serviço de Cirurgia Torácica do Hospital de S. João./ Thoracic Surgery Unit, Hospital de S. João.
6 Serviço de Cirurgia Torácica da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto. / Thoracic Surgery Unit, Universidade de Porto Faculty of Medicine.
7 Serviço de Pneumologia do Hospital de S. João e da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto. // Pulmonology Unit, Hospital de S. João and Universidade de Porto Faculty of Medicine.
This item has received
Article information
Abstract
Objective

To assess results in patients with primary cysts and tumours of the mediastinum who underwent surgery.

Methods

A retrospective single-centre study was undertaken into patients with primary cysts and tumours of the mediastinum who underwent surgery between January 1992 and December 2004. We analysed demographic data, clinical presentation, type of surgery carried out and procedure, lesion location and histological diagnosis. Predictive malignancy factors were also evaluated. Postoperative morbidity and mortality were noted, as was medium-term results.

Results

171 patients underwent surgery over a 13-year period; 73 female (43%) and 98 male (57%). Mean age was 40.3±19.7 years (20 days-78 years). A primary cystic lesion was present in 15 patients (9%). The primary tumours included thymic neoplasms (31%), lymphoma (22%), neurogenic tumours (16%), germ cell tumours (9%) and a miscellaneous group (13%). Malignant neoplasms were present in 78 patients (46%). The antero-superior mediastinum was the most commonly involved site to have a primary cyst or tumour (58%), followed by the posterior mediastinum (24%) and the middle mediastinum (18%). Symptoms were present in 68% of the patients and included chest pain (20%), fever and chills (13%), myasthenia gravis (11%), cough (10%), dyspnoea (10%), and superior vena caval syndrome (7%). Univariate analysis identified symptoms as a predictive factors of malignancy (p<0.001). Types of surgery carried out included postero-lateral thoracotomy (64 patients), median sternotomy (51 patients), anterior mediastinostomy (27 patients), antero- lateral thoracotomy (18 patients), video-assisted thoracic surgery (9 patients) and mediastinoscopy (2 patients). Total excision was performed in 116 patients, enlarged resection in 8 patients, subtotal resection in 7 patients and biopsy in 40 patients. There was one postoperative death (0.6%). Follow-up was available in 165 patients (96.5%) and ranged from 34 days to 13.4 years (mean 5.7±4.0 years). Complementary treatment with chemo and/or radiotherapy was provided in 75 patients. Six patients had to be reoperated on for local recurrence (3) or metastasis (3) of the primary lesion. Fifteen patients died of their disease during the follow-up period. Actuarial survival at five years was 97.6% for benign lesions and 76.4% for malignant tumours.

Conclusion

Results support surgical resection for benign lesions and an aggressive multimodal approach for malignant tumours.

Key-words:
Mediastinal cysts
mediastinal tumours
general thoracic surgery
Resumo
Objectivo

Avaliação dos resultados em doentes com cistos e tumores primários do mediastino submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico.

Material e métodos

Efectuado um estudo retrospectivo mono-institucional em doentes com cistos e tumores primários do mediastino submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico entre Janeiro de 1992 e Dezembro de 2004. Analisaram-se os dados demográficos, a apresentação clínica, a via de abordagem, a intervenção cirúrgica efectuada, a localização da lesão e o diagnóstico histológico. Avaliaram-se, ainda, os factores preditivos de malignidade, a morbilidade e mortalidade pós--operatórias e os resultados a médio prazo.

Resultados

Ao longo de um período de 13 anos foram operados 171 doentes, 73 (43%) do sexo feminino e 98 (57%) do sexo masculino. A idade média foi de 40,3±19,7 anos (20 dias-78 anos). Em 15(9%) dos doentes existia uma lesão cística primária. Os tumores primários incluíam neoplasias tímicas (31%), linfomas (22%), tumores neurogénicos (16%), tumores de células germinativas (9%) e um grupo miscelâneo (13%). Em 78 doentes (46%) as lesões eram malignas. O mediastino ântero-superior foi o compartimento mais frequentemente envolvido por um cisto ou tumor primário (58%), seguido do mediastino posterior (24%) e do mediastino médio (18%). Em 68% dos doentes existiam sintomas na altura do diagnóstico: dor torácica (20%), febre e arrepios (13%), miastenia grave (11%), tosse (10%), dispneia (10%) e síndroma da veia cava superior (7%). A análise unifactorial identificou a existência de sintomas como factor preditivo de malignidade (p<0,001). A abordagem cirúrgica foi feita por toracotomia póstero-lateral (64 doentes), esternotomia mediana (51), mediastinostomia anterior (27), toracotomia ântero-lateral (18), videotoracoscopia (9 doentes) e mediastinoscopia (2). Em 116 doentes foi efectuada ressecção total da lesão, em 8 ressecção alargada, em 7 ressecção subtotal e em 40 biópsia. Um doente (0,6%) morreu no período pós-operatório. O follow-up englobou 165 doentes (96,5%) e variou entre 34 dias e 13,4 anos (médio 5,7±4,0 anos). Em 75 doentes foi efectuado tratamento complementar com quimio e/ou radioterapia. Seis doentes foram reoperados por recorrência local (3) ou metástases (3) da lesão primária. Quinze faleceram em consequência da sua doença durante o período de follow-up. A sobrevida actuarial aos 5 anos foi de 97,6% para as lesões benignas e de 76,4% para as lesões malignas.

Conclusão

Os resultados obtidos suportam a ressecção cirúrgica das lesões benignas e uma abordagem multimodal agressiva dos tumores malignos.

Palavras-chave:
Cistos do mediastino
tumores do mediastino
cirurgia torácica
Full text is only aviable in PDF
Bibliography/Bibliografia
[1.]
A.J. Cohen, L. Thompson, F.H. Edwards, R.F. Bellamy.
Primary cysts and tumors of the mediastinum.
Ann Thorac Surg, 51 (1991), pp. 378-386
[2.]
K.S. Azarow, R.H. Pearl, R. Zurcher, F.H. Edwards, A.J. Cohen.
Primary mediastinal masses. A comparison of adult and pediatric populations.
J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 106 (1993), pp. 67-72
[3.]
S. Takeda, S. Miyoshi, M. Minami, H. Matsuda.
Intrathoracic neurogenic tumors-50 years experience in a Japanese institution.
Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 26 (2004), pp. 807-812
[4.]
M.T.M. Godinho.
Tumores do mediastino Experiência cirúrgica.
Dissertação de doutoramento pela Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, (1995),
[5.]
R.D. Davis, N.H. Oldham, D.C. Sabiston.
Primary cysts and neoplasms of the mediastinum: recent changes in clinical presentation, methods of diagnosis, management and results.
Ann Thorac Surg, 44 (1991), pp. 229-237
[6.]
C.C. Burkell, J.M. Cross, H.P. Kent, E.M. Nanson.
Mass lesions of the mediastinum.
Curr Probl Surg, (1969), pp. 2-57
[7.]
D.C. Sabiston, F.C. Spencer.
Primary neoplasms and cyts of the mediastinum.
Surgery of the Chest, pp. 583-611
[8.]
J.M. Prish, E.C. Rosenow 3d, J.R. Muhum.
Mediastimal masses. Clues to interpretationof radiologic studies.
Postgrad Med, 71 (1984), pp. 173-182
[9.]
Jl Rubush, I.R. Gardner, W.C. Boyd, J.L. Ehrenhaft.
Mediastinal tumors: review of 186 cases.
J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 65 (1973), pp. 216-222
[10.]
E. Ovrum, S. Birkeland.
Mediastinal tumors and cysts; a review of 91 cases.
Scand J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 13 (1979), pp. 161-167
[11.]
P. Nandi, K.C. Wong, C.K. Mok.
Primary mediastinal tumors.
J R Coll Surg Edinb, 25 (1980), pp. 460-471
[12.]
T.W. Shieds, J. LoCicero, R.B. Ponn.
Primary mediastinal tumors and syndromes associated with mediastinal lesions.
General Thoracic Surgery, pp. 2181-2390
[13.]
G.M. Graeber, D.C. Shriver, R.A. Albus, N.A. Burton, G.J. Collins, F.C. Lough, R. Zajchuk.
The use of computed tomography in the evaluation of mediastinal masses.
J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 91 (1986), pp. 661-666
[14.]
K.Y. Yoneda, S. Louie, D.K. Shelton.
Mediastinal tumors.
Curr opin Pulm Med, 7 (2001), pp. 226-233
[15.]
L.J. Kohman.
Approach to the diagnosis and staging of mediastinal masses.
Chest, 103 (1993), pp. 328-330
[16.]
R. Hoerbelt, L. Keunecke, H. Grimm, K. Schwemmle, W. Padberg.
The value of a non-invasive diagnostic approach to mediastinal masses.
Ann Thorac Surg, 75 (2003), pp. 1086-1090
[17.]
L.A. Robinson, J.R. Dobson, P.J. Bierman.
Fallibality of transthoracic needle biosy of anterior mediastinal masses.
Thorax, 50 (1995), pp. 1114-1116
[18.]
S. Elia, C. Cecere, F. Giampaglia, G. Ferrante.
Mediastinoscopy vs anterior mediastinostomy in the diagnosis of mediastinal lymphoma: a randomized trial.
Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 6 (1992), pp. 361-365
[19.]
C. Ricci, E.A. Rendina, F. Venuta.
Surgical approach to isolated mediastinal lymphoma.
J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 99 (1990), pp. 691-695
[20.]
J.A. Roth, H.I. Pass, M.N. Wesley, D. White, J.B. Putman, C. Seipp.
Comparison of median sternotomy and thoracotomy for resection of pulmonary metastases in patients with adult soft tissue sarcoma.
An Thorac Surg, 42 (1986), pp. 134-138
[21.]
H.C. Urschell Jr., M.A. Razzuk.
Median sternotomy as a standard approach for pulmonary resection.
Ann Thorac Surg, 41 (1986), pp. 130-134
[22.]
T.L. Demmy, M.J. Krasna, F. Detterbeck, G.G. Kline, L.J. Kohman, M.M. DeCamp Jr., J.C. Wain.
Multicenter VATS experience with mediastinal tumors.
Ann Thorac Surg, 66 (1998), pp. 187-192
[23.]
C. Arapis, D. Gossot, D. Debrosse, L. Arper, C. Mazel, D. Grunewald.
Thoracoscopic removal of neurogenic mediastinal tumors: technical aspects.
Surg Endosc, 18 (2004), pp. 1380-1383
Copyright © 2007. Sociedade Portuguesa de Pneumologia
Download PDF
Pulmonology
Article options
Tools

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?