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Vol. 8. Issue 2.
Pages 151-174 (March - April 2002)
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Vol. 8. Issue 2.
Pages 151-174 (March - April 2002)
TERAPÊUTICA FARMACOLÓGICA EM PNEUMOLOGIA – TEMAS DE ACTUALIZAÇÃO/UPDATE ON THE PHARMACOLOGICAL MANAGEMENT OF THE PULMONARY DISEASES/EDITOR CONVIDADO/GUEST EDITOR: H LUZ RODRIGUES
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Qual a contribuição da farmacoterapia na cessção tabágica?
Which contribution can pharmacotherapy provide to the smoking cessation?
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H. Luz Rodrigues*
* Professor de Farmacologia da Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa
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RESUMO

A contribuirção dos Portugueses para a divulgação do tabaco no mundo ocorreu no século XVI. As folhas desta planta originária da América foram atribuídas propriedades curativas pelo médico espanhol Nicolas Monardes. Só em meados do século XX foi possível demonstrar a actividade patogénica do tabaco. Desde então, têm-se multi-plicado as evidências da sua nocividade em múltiplas patologias, particularmente cardiovascular e pulmonar. A relativa aceitabilidade social do tabaco em alguns países, como Portugal, e a dependência que lhe está associada limitam a luta antitabágica. Os custos do tabaco, económicos e para a saude, tern levado à formulação de diversas recomendaçães com o objectivo de tratar esta dependência. As grandes oriençãoes destas recomendaçãoes passam pela necessária sensibilização e motivação dos fumadores para a cessação tabágica, e pela administração de meios farmacoterapêuticos eficazes adjuvantes da abstinencia ao tabaco. Este trabalho aborda a problemática da utilização destes fármacos, em particular a terapêutica de substituição da nicotina e a bupropiona, e relem-bra a necessidade de implementar uma política de saúde vocacionada para a prevenção primária.

REV PORT PNEUMOL 2002; VIII (2): 151-174

Palavras-chave:
Tabaco
dependência da nicotina
mentol
farmacogenética
cessação tabágica
farmacoterapia
recomendações terapêuticas
terapêutica de substituição da nicotina
bupropiona
ABSTRACT

In the XVI century the Portuguese have contributed to the introduction of tobacco in the world. The tobacco plant came from America and its therapeutic properties were attributed to the leaves by a Spanish physician. The pathogenic effects of tobacco were shown only in the middle of the XX century. Since then many reports have demonstrated the harmful role of tobacco in several diseases, particularly in cardiovascular and pulmonary areas. The still existing relatively good social acceptability of tobacco in some countries, namely Portugal, and the associated dependence have limited the fight against smoking. The concerns related to the health and economic costs associated to tobacco consumption leaded to the formulation of several guidelines addressing the treatment of tobacco dependence. Such guide-lines are aimed to sensitise and motivate the smokers to the smoking cessation, and to recommend effective medicinal products which may help in the tobacco abstinence. The objective of this paper is to describe and explore the use of these drugs, in particular nicotine replacement therapy and bupropion, and to remind the need to implement a health policy directed to the primary prevention of tobacco consumption.

REV PORT PNEUMOL 2002; VIII (2): 151-174

Key-words:
Tobacco smoke
nicotine dependence
menthol
pharmacogenetics
smoking cessation
drug therapy
clinical guidelines
nicotine replacement therapy
bupropion
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