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Vol. 7. Issue 2.
Pages 115-129 (March - April 2001)
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Vol. 7. Issue 2.
Pages 115-129 (March - April 2001)
ARTIGO ORIGINAL/ORIGINAL ARTICLE
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Qualidade de Sono e Parâmetros de Dessaturação Nocturna em Doentes com Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crónica e Hipoxémia entre 55-70mmHg
Quality of sleep and nocturnal desaturation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and hypoxemia between 55-70mmHg
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José Moutinho Dos Santos*, Joaquim Moita*
* Laboratório de Estudos de Patologia do Sono, Serviço de Pneumologia. Centro Hospitalar de Coimbra, 3040 COIMBRA
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RESUMO

A dessaturação nocturna é um facto reconhecido em doentes com insuficiência respiratória crónica (IRC) sendo sobretudo responsabilizada no seu mecanismo fisiopatológico a redução da ventilação alveolar particularmente durante o sono REM. Este fenómeno é importante em doentes com hipoxémia basal moderada (PaO2 basal entre 55-70mmHg) dada a posição particular da SaO2 na curva de dissociação de hemoglobina. Por outro lado, tem sido referido na literatura alterações da qualidade do sono em doentes com Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crónica que afectam a normal estrutura do sono. O objectivo do trabalho foi avaliar de que modo a qualidade do sono poderia afectar os parâmetros de dessaturação nocturna e a sua definição como doente dessaturador.

Vinte doentes (15 homens; 5 mulheres; idade X±dp - 68,2±6,1 anos) com IRC estabilizada secundária a DPOC (FEV1 - 1,024±0,431 litros; 47±16,5 % do prognosticado) foram submetidos a estudo poligráfico do sono em duas noites consecutivas em ar ambiente, sem medicação sedativa e sob medicação broncodilatora habitual. Na primeira noite de sono o padrão geral foi de insónia e sono fragmentado (aumento do tempo de latência ao sono e do número de “arousals” e diminuição da eficiência do sono) com consequente redução do tempo em sono 3-4 e sono REM. Na segunda noite de estudo, verificou-se redução significativa do tempo de latência (72±65,5 vs. 28±31,4 minutos; p=0.008) e aumento da eficiência do sono (52±26,5 vs. 76±13.4%; p<0.0001) sem variação significativa do número de “arousals” e do tempo em sono profundo mas com aumento significativo do sono REM (6±4,8 vs. 11±6,5 %). Não se constataram diferenças significativas nos parâmetros de dessaturação nocturna nas duas noites embora se verifique grande variabilidade inter-individual. A correlação entre as variações individuais nos parâmetros do sono com as variações nos parâmetros de dessaturação mostrou-se significativa para a variação da SaO2 mínima com a variação do tempo total de sono (r=0.559), e para a variação do tempo com SaO2<80 % com o tempo passado em REM (r=0.471). Utilizando duas definições de doente dessaturador - 1) mais de 5 minutos com SaO2 inferior a 90% e um episódio de SaO2 mínima inferior a 85%; 2) mais de 30% de tempo de registo com SaO2 inferior a 90% - conclui-se que para o primeiro critério 11/20 doentes eram dessaturadores na segunda noite vs. 7/20 na primeira noite (p=0,002) e para o segundo critério, 9/20 vs. 7/20, respectivamente para a segunda e primeira noite (p=0,012).

Conclui-se que os doentes com IRC mostram má qualidade do sono sendo evidente o “efeito da primeira noite”. Apesar de, uma segunda noite de estudo não fazer variar significativamente os parâmetros globais de dessaturação nocturna pode afectar não só a expressão da intensidade da dessaturação como o enquadramento no doente na definição de dessaturador.

REV PORT PNEUMOL 2001; VII (2):

Palavras-chave:
Doença pulmonar obstrutiva crónica
dessaturação nocturna
qualidade de sono
ABSTRACT

Nocturnal desaturation is well recnognized in patients with chronic respiratory failure (CRF). Alveolar hypoventilation, particulary in REM sleep, is frequently assumed as the main physiopathological mechanism. This ocurrence is important in patients with mild basal hypoxemia (PaO2 55-70mmHg) because of the particular position of the PaO2 in the oxyhemoglobin desaturation curve. However, disturbances of the quality of sleep that alter the normal structure of sleep in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has been described in the literature.

The objective of this study is to evaluate how the quality of sleep could afect the parameters of nocturnal desaturation and the definition of a patient as a desaturator.

Twenty patients (15 men; 5 women; 68.2±6.1yrs) with stabilized CRF secondary to COPD (FEV1=1.024±0.431L; 47±16.5% predicted) were submited to a polysomnographic study in two consecutive nights in ambient air, free of sedative medication and under usual broncodilator medication. In the first night of sleep the general pattern was insomnia and fragmented sleep (increase in sleep latency time, number of arousals and a decrease in the efficiency of sleep) with a consequent reduction in the time spent in 3-4 and REM sleep. In the second night of study a significant reduction of sleep latency time (72±65.5 vs. 28±31.4 mn; p=0.008) and an increase in efficiency of sleep (52±26.5 vs. 76±13.4%; p<0.0001) was seen, without any significant variation in the number of aroulsals and of the time in slow wave sleep but with a significant increase in REM sleep (6±4.8 vs. 11±6.5 %; p<0.01). No significant differences were noted in the nocturnal desaturation parameters over the two nights although there was a large individual variability. Correlation between individual variation in sleep parameters and variation in desaturation parameters was significant for the variation in minimal saturation with variation in total sleep time (r=0.559) and for the variation in time spent with SaO2<80 % with the time spent in REM sleep (r=0.471). Using two definitions of desaturator patient – 1) more than 5 minutes with a SaO2<90% with at least one episode with minimal SaO2<85%; 2) more than 30% of the recorded time with SaO2<90% - it was concluded that for the first criteria 11/20 patients were desaturators on the second night vs 7/20 on first night (p=0.002) and for the second criteria 9/20 vs. 7/20 for the second and first night respectively (p=0.012). It was concluded that patients with COPD and mild hypoxemia show a bad quality of sleep with a “first night effect”. No significant variation in nocturnal desaturation parameters was seen in a second night of sleep but the intensity of the desaturation and the classification of a patient as desaturator can be affected.

REV PORT PNEUMOL 2001; VII (2):

Key-words:
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
nocturnal desaturation
quality of sleep
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Copyright © 2001. Sociedade Portuguesa de Pneumologia/SPP
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