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Vol. 9. Issue 3.
Pages 205-213 (May - June 2003)
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Vol. 9. Issue 3.
Pages 205-213 (May - June 2003)
ARTIGO ORIGINAL/ORIGINALARTICLE
Open Access
Redução do tempo de hospitalização após cirurgia torácica de grande porte: identificação de factores determinantes
Early discharge following major thoracic surgery: identification of related factors
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Nuno Fevereiro Ferreira de Lima1, André Luís de Aquino Carvalho2
1 Doutor em Medicina-Pneumologia; Diretor do Serviço de Cirurgia Torácica do Hospital Universitário de Brasília.
2 Cirurgião Torácico do Hospital Universitário da Brasília.
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RESUMO

Os custos do internamento hospitalar têm relação directa com o tempo de permanência do paciente operado. Por outro lado, um menor tempo de internação permite aumentar a produtividade nos hospitais públicos com demanda reprimida. O objectivo deste estudo foi identificar factores determinantes da redução do tempo de internamento pós-cirurgia torácica de grande porte. O estudo retrospectivo por análise de prontuários foi dividido em duas fases. Na fase I levantou-se uma série consecutiva de 169 pacientes divididos em grupo I (n=81) – operados no período de Junho de 1990 a 1995, e grupo II (n=88) – 1996 a Maio de 2000, para verificação do tempo de internamento e factores relacionados. Na fase II levantou-se uma série consecutiva de 20 pacientes (grupo III) rectroagindo a partir de Março de 2002, para análise e comparação com um pequeno inquérito enviado pela internet para 21 cirurgiões torácicos. Na análise dos resultados observou-se que a quase totalidade dos pacientes prescindiu de UTI no pós-operatório imediato. O tempo de internamento médio caiu de 7,6 dias (mediana 7) no grupo I para 5,1 dias (mediana 4) no grupo II (p<0,001). A utilização mais frequente da analgesia epidural e o uso de vias de acesso menos traumáticas no grupo II alcançou significado estatístico (p<0,001). No grupo III o tempo de internamento médio foi de 4,2 dias (mediana 4), com uso mais efectivo da analgesia epidural (75%) e emprego da toracotomia vertical (90%). Oito cirurgiões torácicos responderam ao inquérito: o tempo médio de internamento informado variou de 5 a 9 dias, todos os pacientes foram enviados para a UTI ou similar, e apenas dois cirurgiões usam rotina toracotomia com preservação muscular. Este estudo confirma que o controlo da dor e o menor trauma da via de acesso são factores importantes para a mais rápida recuperação funcional dos pacientes. Sugere que o uso da UTI pode ser restringido para os pacientes de alto risco.

REV PORT PNEUMOL 2003; IX (3): 205-213

Palavras-chave:
Pós-operatório em cirurgia torácica
Redução do tempo de internamento
ABSTRACT

There is a direct relation between hospital costs and hospital length of stay after the operation. In the other hand, reduced stay increases the productivity of the public hospitals with high service demanding. The objective of this study was to identify factors determining the decrease in hospital stay after major thoracic surgery. A two-phase retrospective study was conducted on analysis of medical records. In the first phase, data on length of hospital stay and related factors were collected from a consecutive series of 169 patients divided into group I (n=81) – patients operated on between June 1990 and 1995, and group II (n=88) – 1996 through May 2000. In the second phase, data were collected from a consecutive series of 20 patients (group III) starting backwards from March 2002, for analysis and comparison with a internet survey sent to 21 thoracic surgeons. Intensive care unit was avoided for most patients in the immediate post operative period. The mean hospital stay decreased from 7.6days (median 7) in group I to 5.1days (median 4) in group II (p<0.001). The more frequent utilization of epidural analgesia and less traumatic thoracothomy in group II reached statistic significance (p<0.001). In group III, the mean hospital stay was 4.2days (median 4), and there was a more efective use of epidural analgesia (75%) and muscle- sparing thoracothomy (90%). Eight thoracic surgeons answered the survey: the mean hospital stay varied from 5 to 9 days and all patients were sent to intensive care or similar units. Only two surgeons utilize muscle-sparing thoracothomy. This study confirms that pain control and less traumatic surgical approach are important for faster functional recovery of the patients. It suggests that the IC units may be used only for selected patients.

REV PORT PNEUMOL 2003; IX (3): 205-213

Key-words:
Post operative period in thoracic surgery
Early hospital discharge
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Copyright © 2003. Sociedade Portuguesa de Pneumologia/SPP
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