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Vol. 5. Issue 6.
Pages 587-602 (November - December 1999)
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Vol. 5. Issue 6.
Pages 587-602 (November - December 1999)
ARTIGO ORIGINAL/ORIGINAL ARTICLE
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Relação entre sintomatologia respiratória, grau de obstrução bônquica e força dos músculos respiratórios em idosos*
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Paula Maria Gonçalves Pinto
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RESUMO

Vários estudos epidemiológicos têm mostrado que os sintomas respiratórios tendem a ser mais frequentes nas populações de grupo etário elevado; no entanto são escassos os trabalhos que têm investigado as relações entre o declínio dos parâmetros ventilatórios e a presença de queixas respiratórias.

O presente estudo foi realizado com o objectivo de avaliar a relação entre a sintomatologia respiratória, o grau de obstrução brônquica e a força dos músculos respiratórios numa população de idosos internados sem o diagnóstico de doença respiratória. Para o efeito foram avaliados 40 indivíduos (20 do sexo masculino e 20 do sexo feminino) com patologia do foro gastrenterológico que não afe-ctasse a mobilidade torácica ou abdominal, com idade superior a 60 anos, dos quais metade apresentava queixas respiratórias (tosse, expectoração, dispneia e pieira). A avaliação dos vários parâmetros da função pulmonar (volume expiratório máximo no 1º segundo, débito expiratório máximo instantâneo e pressões respiratórias máimas) foi efectuada através da utilização de vitalógrafo, de Mini-Wright peak-flow meter e do Mouth-Pressure meter. Foi ainda analisado o estado nutritional dos doentes através da determinação de parâmetros antropométricos (índke de massa corporal, prega cutânea tricipital e perímetro muscular do braço).

Os resultados deste trabalho, apesar das limitações inerentes a um estudo de natureza transversal e com um reduzido número de indivíduos, mostram que a presença de sintomatologia respiratória, mesmo na ausência de um diagnóstico de doença respiratória, pode afectar a função pulmonar, nomeadamente em relação aos volumes e débitos expiratórios e às pressões inspiratórias máximas, quer nos indivíduos do sexo masculino quer nos do sexo feminino.

Não foi, no entanto, encontrada correlação entre as pressões máximas respiratórias e o estado nutricional dos doentes, provávelmente devido ao número reduzido da amostra populacional e ao facto do grupo de doentes ter sido relativamente homogéneo do ponto de vista nutricional, não apresentando nenhum doente evidência de desnutrição. Este tipo de avaliação na população idosa pode ser extremamente útil no despiste precoce de patologia respiratória, prevenindo assim um défice significativo da função pulmonar, com repercussões na qualidade de vida do idoso.

REV PORT PNEUMOL 1999; V (6): 587-602

Palavras-chave:
Envelhecimento
sintomas respiratórios
função pulmonar
pressões máximas respiratórias
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Trabalho concorrente ao PRÉMIO THOMÉ VILLAR/ BOEHRINGER INGELHEIM. Secçãao A (1998) Trabalho realizado no ámbito de Tese do 1º Curso de Mestrado em Patologia do Aparelho Respiratório da Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Universidade Nova de Lisboa

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