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Vol. 9. Issue 4.
Pages 327-335 (July - August 2003)
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Vol. 9. Issue 4.
Pages 327-335 (July - August 2003)
ARTIGO ORIGINAL/ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Open Access
Síndroma de Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono e Doença Cardiovascular – Estudo retrospectivo
Obstructive Sleep Apnoea and Cardiovascular Disease – A retrospective study
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Marta Drummond, J.C. Winck, J. Almeida, J.A. Marques
Serviço de Pneumologia do Hospital de São João, Departamento de Medicina do Hospital de São João
S. Pereira*
* Serviço de Higiene e Epidemiologia da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto
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Article information
RESUMO

Introdução – A Síndroma de Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono (SAOS) está associada a efeitos deletérios sobre a fisiologia cardiovascular. Alguns estudos têm demonstrado a existência de associação significativa entre esta patologia e a Doença Cardiovascular (DCV).

Objectivo – Determinar a prevalência de DCV em indivíduos com diferentes graus de gravidade de SAOS e verificar a existência de associação significativa entre as duas entidades nosológicas.

Material e Métodos – Estudo retrospectivo baseado em dados informatizados de 155 doentes consecutivos com SAOS, enviados à consulta de Patologia Respiratória do Sono do Hospital de São João durante o ano de 2001.

Resultados – A maioria dos doentes estudados (83,2%) era do sexo masculino, a média de idades foi de 53,6±11,9 anos. Apresentavam SAOS grave 52,9% dos doentes, 20% moderada e 27,1% ligeira (Índice de Apneia Hipopneia-IAH médio de 35,2±23,8/hora).

Dos indivíduos em análise 52,3% apresentavam DCV, sendo a patologia mais prevalente (45,8%) a Hipertensão Arterial (HTA), seguida do Enfarte Agudo do Miocárdio (6,5%) e da Angina de Peito (3,9%). Obesidade (Índice de Massa Corporal-IMC> 30) estava presente em 67,1% dos indivíduos, sendo a média de IMC=33,1±6,34. Um grupo significativo (31%) de doentes apresentava Dislipidemia e 11% Diabetes mellitus. A maioria dos doentes (51,3%) apresentava hábitos tabágicos.

A gravidade da SAOS (avaliada pelo IAH) era significativamente superior nas mulheres com HTA e significativamente menor nos doentes com Acidente Vascular Cerebral (AVC) (p=0,033 e p=0,036, respectivamente).

Conclusão – A população estudada de doentes com SAOS apresenta elevada prevalência de DCV, sendo a gravidade da SAOS significativamente superior nas mulheres com HTA. O aumento da prevalência de DCV em doentes com SAOS tem sido também documentada em estudos epidemiológicos recentes. Os mecanismos fisiopatológicos subjacentes merecerão estudos mais detalhados no futuro.

REV PORT PNEUMOL 2003; IX (4): 327-335

Palavras-Chave:
Síndroma de Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono
Doença Cardiovascular
factor de risco
ABSTRACT

Introduction – Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is associated with adverse effects in cardiovascular physiology. Some studies have connected this pathology with Cardiovascular Disease (CVD).

Aim – Determine the prevalence of CVD in patients with OSA of different severity and verify the association between CVD and OSA.

Material and Methods – Retrospective study based on data from 155 consecutive patients with OSA referred to a Sleep Disordered Breathing Clinic in an University Hospital during the year of 2001.

Results – The majority of patients were male (83,2%), the mean age was 53,6±11,9years. Severe OSA was observed in 52,9% patients, moderate in 20% and mild in 27,1% patients (mean Apnea Hypopnea Index of 35,2±23,8/hour).

Among the studied individuals 52,3% showed CVD, being Arterial Hypertension (AH) the most common disease (45,8%). Acute Myocardial Infarction appeared in 6,5% and Angina in 3,9% cases. The majority of the patients (67,1%) were obese (Body Mass Index- BMI>30). The mean BMI was 33,1±6,34.

A significant (31%) number of patients reported Lipid Disorders and 11% reported Diabetes mellitus. The majority (51,3%) of patients referred smoking habits.

Severity of OSA (evaluated by AHI) was significantly higher in women with AH (p=0,033) and significantly lower in patients who developed Cerebrovascular Disease (CeVD) (p=0,036).

Conclusions – The studied population presented a high prevalence of CVD, being the severity of OSA significantly higher in women with AH. The increased prevalence of CVD in patients with OSA has been documented in recent epidemiologic studies. The physiopathologic mechanisms underlying this association, certainly, deserve further investigation.

REV PORT PNEUMOL 2003; IX (4): 327-335

Key-words:
Obstructive Sleep Apnoea
Cardiovascular Disease
risk factor
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