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Vol. 10. Issue 1.
Pages 63-75 (January - February 2004)
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Vol. 10. Issue 1.
Pages 63-75 (January - February 2004)
PRÉMIO THOMÉ VILLAR/BOEHRINGER INGELHEIM 2002 (SECÇÃO A)***

Vencedor ex-aequo

/THOMÉ VILLAR/BOEHRINGER INGELHEIM AWARD 2002 (SECTION A)
Open Access
Suberose e doença dos criadores de aves: estudo comparativo do perfil radiológico, funcional e do lavado broncoalveolar
Suberosis and bird fancier’s disease: comparative study of radiological, functional and bronchoalveolar characteristics profile
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António Morais1, João C. Winck1, Luís Delgado2,4, Maria C. Palmares2, João Fonseca3,4, João Moura E. Sá5, J. Agostinho Marques1
1 Serviço de Pneumologia
2 Serviço de Imunologia
3 Serviço de Biostatística e Informática Médica
4 e Unidade de Imunoalergologia
5 Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, e Hospital São João, Porto. Serviço de Pneumologia do Hospital Santos Silva, V. N. de Gaia
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RESUMO

A alveolite alérgica extrínseca (AAE) é uma doença intersticial pulmonar de mediação imunológica, resultando da inalação repetida de vários agentes ambientais. Tem sido descrita heterogeneidade da apresentação clínica e do perfil do líquido de lavagem broncoalveolar (LLBA), possivelmente relacionada com diferentes exposições ocupacionais.

O objectivo deste trabalho foi comparar as características clínicas, funcionais, radiológicas e do LLBA de duas das mais frequentes AAE no nosso país: a suberose e a doença de criadores de aves (DCA).

Foram estudados 81 doentes com suberose, com média de idades de 38,8±11,3 anos e exposição média de 20,0±10,5 anos e 32 doentes com DCA, com uma média de idades de 46,3±11,8 anos e exposição média de 10,5±1,0 anos.

Os doentes com DCA apresentavam mais formas agudas, enquanto as formas subagudas e crónicas predominaram na suberose. A síndroma ventilatória restritiva foi o padrão funcional mais frequente, sendo mais severo na DCA. As opacidades em “vidro despolido” foram o padrão mais frequentemente encontrado na tomografia axial computorizada de alta resolução. A normalidade da radiografia de tórax foi mais frequentemente observada na suberose. Ambos os tipos de AAE tinham alveolite linfocítica no LLBA: suberose – 6,6±5,7 x 105ml-1 células, 58,8±18,9% linfócitos; DCA – 9,0±6,5 x 105ml-1 células, 61,7±22,2% linfócitos. Apesar de os linfócitos CD8+ do LLBA predominarem em ambas doenças, a percentagem de células CD4+ e a relação CD4/CD8 eram significativamente mais elevadas na DCA (suberose: 0,47±0,33 versus BFD: 1,1±1,5; p <0.005). Para além disso, a celularidade do LLBA e o número de mastócitos eram também significativamente mais elevados na DCA.

Em conclusão, a suberose e a doença de criadores de aves são AAE com diferentes perfis clínicos e laboratoriais, sugerindo que, apesar das suas semelhanças fisiopatológicas, diferentes exposições antigénicas podem causar uma diferente dinâmica da resposta imune/inflamatória do pulmão.

REV PORT PNEUMOL 2004; X (1): 63-75

Palavras-chave:
Lavagem broncoalveolar
TAC-AR
suberose
doença de criadores de aves
ABSTRACT

Extrinsic Allergic Alveolitis (EAA) is an immunologically mediated interstitial lung disease that may result from repeated inhalation of many different environmental agents. Heterogeneity of the clinical presentation and bronchoalveolar lavage profiles has been described, possibly related to different occupational exposures. The aim of our study was to compare bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), clinical, functional and radiological characteristics of the two most frequent forms of EAA seen in our practice: Suberosis and Bird Fancier’s Disease (BFD).

We included 81 patients with Suberosis, with a mean age of 38.8±11.3years and a mean exposure of 20.0±10.5years and 32 patients with BFD, with a mean age of 46.3±11.8years and mean exposure of 10.5±1.0years.

Patients with BFD had more acute forms, while subacute and chronic presentations predominated in Suberosis. Restrictive defect was the most frequent pattern of lung function impairment, and more severe in BFD. Ground glass opacities were the most frequent pattern in high-resolution computed tomography. A normal chest x-ray was more frequently seen in Suberosis. Both types of EAA had lymphocytic alveolitis in BALF: Suberosis 6.6±5.7 x 105ml-1 cells, 58.8±18.9% lymphocytes; bird fancier’s disease - 9.0±6.5 x 105ml-1 cells, 61.7±22.2% lymphocytes. Although BALF CD8+ lymphocytes predominated in both diseases, the proportion of CD4+ and CD4/CD8 ratios were significantly higher in Bird Fancier’s Disease (Suberosis: 0.47±0.33 versus BFD: 1.1±1.5; p <0.005). Moreover, BALF cellularity and mast cell counts were also significantly higher in BFD.

In conclusion, Suberosis and bird fancier’s disease are EAA with different clinical and laboratory profiles, suggesting that despite their pathophysiological similarities, different antigenic exposures may cause different immune and inflammatory response dynamics in the lung.

REV PORT PNEUMOL 2004; X (1): 63-75

Key-words:
Bronchoalveolar lavage
HRCT
suberosis
bird fancier’s disease
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