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        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The Viriato Study is a nationwide&#44; prospective&#44; multicenter surveillance study of the antimicrobial susceptibility of bacterial pathogens commonly associated with community-acquired respiratory tract infections in Portugal&#46; In 2003 and 2004 a total of 2945 isolates was recovered in the 29 laboratories that participated in the study&#46; Testing was undertaken in a central laboratory&#46; Of the 513 <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Streptococcus pyogenes</span> strains isolated from patients with acute tonsillitis all were susceptible to penicillin and other beta-lactams but 18&#46;9&#37; were resistant to erythromycin&#44; clarithromycin and azithromycin&#46; The M phenotype dominated &#40;67&#37;&#41;&#44; conferring resistance to erythromycin &#40;MIC<span class="elsevierStyleInf">90</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>16<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;L&#41;&#44; clarythromycin and azithromycin&#44; but susceptibility to clindamycin &#40;MIC<span class="elsevierStyleInf">90</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;094<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;L&#41;&#46; From patients with lower respiratory tract infection 1&#44;300 strains of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Streptococcus pneumoniae</span>&#44; 829 of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Haemophilus influenzae</span>&#44; and 303 of Moraxella catarrhalis were studied&#46; Among S&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">pneumoniae</span> isolates 18&#46;4&#37; were resistant to penicillin &#40;3&#46;5&#37; showing high-level resistance&#41;&#44; 7&#46;1&#37; to cefuroxime&#44; 0&#46;5&#37; to amoxicillin and amoxicillin&#47;clavulanate&#44; 18&#46;8&#37; to erythromycin&#44; clarithromycin and azithromycin&#44; 14&#46;9&#37; to tetracycline&#44; 16&#46;5&#37; to co-trimoxazol&#44; and 0&#46;4&#37; to levofloxacin&#46; Beta-lactamases were produced by 10&#46;0&#37; of H&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">influenzae</span> and 96&#46;4&#37; of M&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">catarrhalis</span>&#46; In H&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">influenzae</span> resistance to clarithromycin was 5&#46;5&#37; and to cotrimoxazole was 13&#46;4&#37;&#46; Most strains were susceptible to amoxicillin&#47;clavulanate&#44; cefuroxime&#44; azithromycin&#44; tetracycline and ciprofloxacin&#46; In M&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">catarrhalis</span> resistance to co-trimoxazole was 27&#46;1&#37; and to tetracycline 1&#46;0&#37;&#46; All strains were susceptible to amoxicillin&#47;clavulanate&#44; cefuroxime&#44; clarithromycin&#44; azithromycin and ciprofloxacin&#46; Penicillin was the most active antimicrobial agent against S&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">pyogenes</span> and amoxycillin &#47; clavulanate and the quinolones the most active in vitro simultaneously against S&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">pneumoniae</span>&#44; H&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">influenza</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">M&#46; catarrhalis</span>&#46;</p>"
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        "resumen" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">O Estudo Viriato &#233; um estudo nacional&#44; prospectivo e multic&#234;ntrico&#44; de vigil&#226;ncia da susceptibilidade aos antimicrobianos de bact&#233;rias frequentemente respons&#225;veis por infec&#231;&#245;es do aparelho respirat&#243;rio adquiridas na comunidade&#46; Nos anos de 2003 e 2004 participaram 29 laborat&#243;rios de todo o pa&#237;s&#46; Isolaram-se 2945 microrganismos que foram estudados num laborat&#243;rio coordenador&#46; Das 513 estirpes de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Streptococcus pyogenes</span> de doentes com amigdalo-faringite aguda&#44; todas eram suscept&#237;veis &#224; penicilina e outros antibi&#243;ticos beta-lact&#226;micos&#44; mas 18&#44;9&#37; eram resistentes &#224; eritromicina&#44; claritromicina e azitromicina&#46; Nas estirpes resistentes foi mais frequente o fen&#243;tipo <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">M</span> &#40;67&#44;0&#37;&#41; que confere resist&#234;ncia &#224; eritromicina &#40;CIM<span class="elsevierStyleInf">90</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>16<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;L&#41;&#44; claritromicina e azitromicina&#44; mas susceptibilidade &#224; clindamicina &#40;CIM<span class="elsevierStyleInf">90</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;094<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;L&#41;&#46; De doentes com infec&#231;&#227;o do aparelho respirat&#243;rio inferior estudaram-se 1300 estirpes de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Streptococcus pneumoniae</span> &#40;pneumococos&#41;&#44; 829 de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Haemophilus influenzae</span> e 303 de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Moraxella catarrhalis</span>&#46; Em S&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">pneumoniae</span>&#44; 18&#44;4&#37; das estirpes eram resistentes &#224; penicilina &#40;3&#44;5&#37; com resist&#234;ncia elevada&#41;&#44; 7&#44;1&#37; &#224; cefuroxima&#44; 0&#44;5&#37; &#224; amoxicilina&#44; 0&#44;5&#37; &#224; amoxicilina&#47;clavulanato&#44; 18&#44;8&#37; &#224; eritromicina&#44; claritromicina e azitromicina&#44; 14&#44;5&#37; &#224; tetraciclina&#44; 16&#44;5&#37; ao cotrimoxazol e 0&#44;4&#37; &#224; levofloxacina&#46; Nas estirpes resistentes aos macr&#243;lidos&#44; dominou o fen&#243;tipo MLS<span class="elsevierStyleInf">B</span> &#40;83&#44;7&#37;&#41;&#44; caracterizado por resist&#234;ncia elevada &#40;CIM<span class="elsevierStyleInf">90</span>&#62;256<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;L&#41; &#224; eritromicina&#44; claritromicina&#44; azitromicina e clindamicina&#46; Produziam beta--lactamase 10&#44;0&#37; de H&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">influenzae</span> e 96&#44;4&#37; de M&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">catarrhalis</span>&#46; Em H&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">influenzae</span> demonstrou-se 5&#44;5&#37; de resist&#234;ncia &#224; claritromicina e 13&#44;4&#37; ao cotrimoxazol&#46; A quase totalidade das estirpes era suscept&#237;vel &#224; amoxicilina &#47; clavulanato&#44; cefuroxima&#44; azitromicina&#44; tetraciclina e ciprofloxacina&#46; Em M&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">catarrhalis</span> a resist&#234;ncia ao co-trimoxazol foi de 27&#44;1&#37; e &#224; tetraciclina de 1&#44;0&#37;&#46; Todas as estirpes eram suscept&#237;veis &#224; amoxicilina &#47; clavulanato&#44; cefuroxima&#44; claritromicina&#44; azitromicina e ciprofloxacina&#46; De entre o conjunto de antibi&#243;ticos ensaiado&#44; a penicilina continua a ser o mais activo contra S&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">pyogenes</span> e a amoxicilina &#47; clavulanato e as quinolonas os mais activos simultaneamente contra <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">S&#46; pneumoniae&#44; H&#46; influenzae</span> e <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">M&#46; catarrhalis</span>&#46;</p>"
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Vol. 12. Issue 1.
Pages 9-30 (January - February 2006)
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Vol. 12. Issue 1.
Pages 9-30 (January - February 2006)
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The Viriato Study: Update of antimicrobial susceptibility data of bacterial pathogens from community-acquired respiratory tract infections in Portugal in 2003 and 2004
Estudo Viriato: Actualização de dados de susceptibilidade aos antimicrobianos de bactérias responsáveis por infecções respiratórias adquiridas na comunidade em Portugal em 2003 e 2004
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J. Melo-Cristino1, Letícia Santos1, Mário Ramirez1,2, Grupo de Estudo Português de Bactérias Patogénicas Respiratórias
1 Instituto de Microbiologia. Instituto de Medicina Molecular. Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa/Microbiology Institute. Molecular Medicine Institute Lisbon Medical School Av. Prof Egas Moniz 1649-028 Lisboa. Tel. 217999458. Fax. 217999459
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Abstract

The Viriato Study is a nationwide, prospective, multicenter surveillance study of the antimicrobial susceptibility of bacterial pathogens commonly associated with community-acquired respiratory tract infections in Portugal. In 2003 and 2004 a total of 2945 isolates was recovered in the 29 laboratories that participated in the study. Testing was undertaken in a central laboratory. Of the 513 Streptococcus pyogenes strains isolated from patients with acute tonsillitis all were susceptible to penicillin and other beta-lactams but 18.9% were resistant to erythromycin, clarithromycin and azithromycin. The M phenotype dominated (67%), conferring resistance to erythromycin (MIC90=16mg/L), clarythromycin and azithromycin, but susceptibility to clindamycin (MIC90=0.094mg/L). From patients with lower respiratory tract infection 1,300 strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae, 829 of Haemophilus influenzae, and 303 of Moraxella catarrhalis were studied. Among S. pneumoniae isolates 18.4% were resistant to penicillin (3.5% showing high-level resistance), 7.1% to cefuroxime, 0.5% to amoxicillin and amoxicillin/clavulanate, 18.8% to erythromycin, clarithromycin and azithromycin, 14.9% to tetracycline, 16.5% to co-trimoxazol, and 0.4% to levofloxacin. Beta-lactamases were produced by 10.0% of H. influenzae and 96.4% of M. catarrhalis. In H. influenzae resistance to clarithromycin was 5.5% and to cotrimoxazole was 13.4%. Most strains were susceptible to amoxicillin/clavulanate, cefuroxime, azithromycin, tetracycline and ciprofloxacin. In M. catarrhalis resistance to co-trimoxazole was 27.1% and to tetracycline 1.0%. All strains were susceptible to amoxicillin/clavulanate, cefuroxime, clarithromycin, azithromycin and ciprofloxacin. Penicillin was the most active antimicrobial agent against S. pyogenes and amoxycillin / clavulanate and the quinolones the most active in vitro simultaneously against S. pneumoniae, H. influenza and M. catarrhalis.

Key-words:
Portugal
Viriato Study
respiratory tract infections
community
2003
2004
antimicrobial resistance
Streptococcus pyogenes
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Haemophilus influenzae
Moraxella catarrhalis
Resumo

O Estudo Viriato é um estudo nacional, prospectivo e multicêntrico, de vigilância da susceptibilidade aos antimicrobianos de bactérias frequentemente responsáveis por infecções do aparelho respiratório adquiridas na comunidade. Nos anos de 2003 e 2004 participaram 29 laboratórios de todo o país. Isolaram-se 2945 microrganismos que foram estudados num laboratório coordenador. Das 513 estirpes de Streptococcus pyogenes de doentes com amigdalo-faringite aguda, todas eram susceptíveis à penicilina e outros antibióticos beta-lactâmicos, mas 18,9% eram resistentes à eritromicina, claritromicina e azitromicina. Nas estirpes resistentes foi mais frequente o fenótipo M (67,0%) que confere resistência à eritromicina (CIM90=16mg/L), claritromicina e azitromicina, mas susceptibilidade à clindamicina (CIM90=0,094mg/L). De doentes com infecção do aparelho respiratório inferior estudaram-se 1300 estirpes de Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococos), 829 de Haemophilus influenzae e 303 de Moraxella catarrhalis. Em S. pneumoniae, 18,4% das estirpes eram resistentes à penicilina (3,5% com resistência elevada), 7,1% à cefuroxima, 0,5% à amoxicilina, 0,5% à amoxicilina/clavulanato, 18,8% à eritromicina, claritromicina e azitromicina, 14,5% à tetraciclina, 16,5% ao cotrimoxazol e 0,4% à levofloxacina. Nas estirpes resistentes aos macrólidos, dominou o fenótipo MLSB (83,7%), caracterizado por resistência elevada (CIM90>256mg/L) à eritromicina, claritromicina, azitromicina e clindamicina. Produziam beta--lactamase 10,0% de H. influenzae e 96,4% de M. catarrhalis. Em H. influenzae demonstrou-se 5,5% de resistência à claritromicina e 13,4% ao cotrimoxazol. A quase totalidade das estirpes era susceptível à amoxicilina / clavulanato, cefuroxima, azitromicina, tetraciclina e ciprofloxacina. Em M. catarrhalis a resistência ao co-trimoxazol foi de 27,1% e à tetraciclina de 1,0%. Todas as estirpes eram susceptíveis à amoxicilina / clavulanato, cefuroxima, claritromicina, azitromicina e ciprofloxacina. De entre o conjunto de antibióticos ensaiado, a penicilina continua a ser o mais activo contra S. pyogenes e a amoxicilina / clavulanato e as quinolonas os mais activos simultaneamente contra S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae e M. catarrhalis.

Palavras-chave:
Portugal
Estudo Viriato
infecção respiratória
comunidade
2003
2004
susceptibilidade aos antimicrobianos
Streptococcus pyogenes
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Haemophilus influenzae
Moraxella catarrhalis
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Grupo de Estudo Português de Bactérias Patogénicas Respiratórias/Portuguese Respiratory Bacterial Pathogens Research Group: Centro Hospitalar do Alto Minho, Viana do Castelo: Sílvia Lozano; Centro Hospitalar de Cascais: Ana Fonseca, Adriana Coutinho; Centro Hospitalar de Coimbra: Ana Florinda Alves, Luís Albuquerque; Centro Hospitalar da Póvoa do Varzim/Vila do Conde: Fernando Fonseca; Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia: Paulo Lopes, Ismália Calheiros, Luísa Felício, Lourdes Sobral; Hospital do Barlavento Algarvio: Teresa Vaz, Marília Gião; Hospital Central do Funchal: Teresa Afonso; Hospital Curry Cabral, Lisboa: Maria José Silvestre, Helena Peres, Teresa Pina; Hospital Distrital de Abrantes: Clotilde Roldão; Hospital do Divino Espírito Santo, Ponta Delgada: Eulália Carvalho; Hospital Infante D. Pedro, Aveiro: Elmano Ramalheira, Ana Margarida Paradela; Hospital D. Estefânia, Lisboa: Rosa M. Barros, Maria Isabel Peres; Hospital Garcia de Orta, Almada: José Diogo, Ana Rodrigues, Isabel Nascimento; Hospital Pedro Hispano, Matosinhos: Valquíria Alves, Antónia Read, Margarida Monteiro; Hospital de Pulido Valente, Lisboa: Margarida Abecassis, Isilda Alves, Rita Pinto; Hospital dos S.A.M.S., Lisboa: Luísa Cabral, Olga Neto; Filipa Antunes; Hospital de Santa Luzia, Elvas: Ilse Fontes; Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisboa: Luís Lito, Maria Luís Fernandes, Maria José Salgado; Hospital de Santa Marta, Lisboa: Margarida Pinto, Hermínia Choon; Hospital de Santo António, Porto: Ana Paula Castro, Maria Helena Ramos, José Manuel Amorim; Hospital de São Francisco Xavier, Lisboa: Filomena Martins, Maria Ana Pessanha, Elsa Gonçalves; Hospital de São João, Porto: Fernanda Cotta, J. Correia da Fonseca; Hospital de São José, Lisboa: Maria Odete Spencer, João Marques; Hospital de São Marcos, Braga: Maria Alberta Faustino, Adelaide Alves; Hospital de São Teotónio, Viseu: Isabel Marques, José Miguel Ribeiro; Hospital Senhora da Oliveira, Guimarães: Ana Paula M. Vieira, Francisco B. Moniz; Hospitais da Universidade de Coimbra: Rosa Velho, Rui Tomé, Celeste Pontes; Hospital de Vila Real: Ana Paula Castro; Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Porto: Mª. Olinda Basílio, Mª da Graça Martins, Cristiana Pereira, Engrácia Raposo, Maria de Lurdes Magalhães, Helena Rocha.

Copyright © 2006. Sociedade Portuguesa de Pneumologia
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